桥联法制备高软化点聚碳硅烷及其可纺性

采用适当分子量的低软化点聚碳硅烷(LPCS)和四甲基二乙烯基二硅氮烷(TMDS)为原料,利用硅氢加成反应合成了高软化点聚碳硅烷(HPCS).研究了该反应的过程与特点,探讨了TMDS加入比例对产物特性的影响及其结构变化与可纺性的关系.结果表明,反应初期首先形成含乙烯基侧基的悬挂式结构,并随着硅氢加成反应完成,在LPCS分子间形成Si—N—Si桥联式结构.通过控制TMDS的加入比例,可以调控桥联反应程度从而控制产物的分子量及软化点.控制TMDS/LPCS质量比为0.08,得到了软化点为244~278℃,Mn=2.5×103,分子量呈双峰分布且具有良好可纺性的聚碳硅烷,适用于制备高性能连续Si C纤维.     

高分子量聚碳硅烷合成研究

采用正交设计的方法从常压合成得到的中低分子量聚碳硅烷(PCS)出发,进行热压合成制备高分子量的PCS;并运用红外、GPC、核磁共振等分析测试手段对其结构和性能进行了表征.研究表明,采用从常压合成得到的中低分子量PCS出发进行热压合成的化学方法,可以制备得到高分子量的PCS;控制热压反应温度在460-470℃、预加压力1-2 MPa、反应6 h得到先驱体PCS的Mw在6400-8500之间;热压合成后制得的高分子量PCS的支化度有所降低;通过控制热压反应时间可以较好的调控高分子量PCS重均分子量的大小.     

磁性碳化硅陶瓷先驱体聚铁碳硅烷的研究

通过低分子量的聚硅烷与二茂铁反应合成了聚铁碳硅烷(PFCS).探索了反应温度、裂解温度、二茂铁含量等因素对合成PFCS的影响.元素分析、红外光谱、氢谱分析表明,铁被引入到PFCS中,PFCS与聚碳硅烷的结构相似.高温裂解聚铁碳硅烷所得碳化硅陶瓷具有一定的磁性.     

不同Al含量聚铝碳硅烷纤维空气不熔化及氧含量控制研究

利用低分子量聚碳硅烷(L-PCS)与乙酰丙酮铝间的热聚合反应,通过调节原料配比和反应条件,合成了不同Al含量,且具有良好可纺性的聚铝碳硅烷(PACS).研究了PACS的分子量分布和分子结构,PACS纤维空气不熔化特点并与PCS纤维进行比较.结果表明,[Al(Ac Ac)3]以-Al(Ac Ac)2悬挂和-Al(Ac Ac)-桥联两种方式接入L-PCS分子结构,PACS分子量呈双峰分布.PACS中Si—H含量和反应活性随Al含量增加而下降,氧化生成的Si—OH难以进一步形成Si—O—Si交联结构.这导致Al含量越高,凝胶点温度越高,凝胶含量随温度升高增加缓慢,同时引入多余氧.通过预氧化与高温处理相结合的方法,将不熔化纤维中氧含量控制在11 wt%以下.高温处理过程中发生自交联:Si—OH间脱水生成Si—O—Si;Si—H与Si—OH或Si—CH3脱氢生成Si—CH2—Si.     

聚碳硅烷的高温高压生成机理研究

分别以聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)、液态聚硅烷(LPS)及PDMS裂解剩余物(LPCS)为原料,在不同的温度下高压合成聚碳硅烷(PCS),采用红外、紫外、核磁共振、分子量及其分布等分析PCS的组成、结构随温度的变化.同时,采用改变减压蒸馏温度的办法,对PCS进行分级,收集在不同蒸馏温度下的馏分,通过对一系列馏分进行了IR分析,以此推测PCS的转化过程.研究表明,PCS的生成过程是随着温度的升高,PDMS、LPS中键能较低的Si—Si键断裂,逐渐转变成为键能较高的Si—C键,转化为低分子的碳硅烷;随着温度的升高,碳硅烷分子间发生脱氢、脱甲烷缩合反应使产物的分子量逐渐长大,生成PCS.     

反应温度对聚二甲基硅烷高压合成聚碳硅烷性能的影响

以聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)为原料,在高压釜内高温高压合成了聚碳硅烷(PCS)先驱体.研究了反应温度对合成的PCS的Si—H键含量、支化度、Si—Si键含量、分子量及其分布、软化点及产率的影响.研究表明,随着反应温度的提高,分子量及软化点均明显增加,分子量分布变宽,支化度升高,Si—Si键含量明显降低.当反应温度低于460℃时,Si—H键含量及产率随反应温度的升高逐渐升高,当反应温度高于460℃时,由于分子间的缩合及热交联二者逐渐降低.在反应过程中PDMS首先转化为小分子量的PCS,然后是小分子PCS分子间发生脱氢及少量脱甲烷缩合使分子量长大.当反应温度高于450℃时,PCS分子量分布出现中分子量峰,Si—Si键含量较低,在室温空气中比较稳定.     

基于液态聚碳硅烷的聚铝碳硅烷的合成与表征

采用液态聚碳硅烷与乙酰丙酮铝在常压下反应合成了具有不同铝含量的聚铝碳硅烷(PACS), 由于不需要循环回流过程, 因此该方法简单方便, 安全性高. 在与合成聚铝碳硅烷相同的条件下, 对单纯的液态聚碳硅烷原料进行保温处理, 所得产物的分析表征结果显示, 该原料在反应条件下基本保持稳定, 不会自聚或者裂解. 不同铝含量的聚铝碳硅烷的元素分析结果表明, 随着乙酰丙酮铝加入量的增加, 聚铝碳硅烷中的铝含量增加, 同时氧含量增加, 氢含量减少, 且乙酰丙酮铝中的铝元素几乎全部引入到液态聚碳硅烷中. GPC分析结果显示, 随着铝含量的增大, PACS的数均分子量增大, 分子量分布变宽. 红外光谱和核磁共振波谱分析结果表明, 液态聚碳硅烷与乙酰丙酮铝的反应主要以消耗Si-H键的方式进行, 铝元素以AlO₄, AlO₅和AlO₆ 3种配位形式存在, 同时形成Si-O-Al交联键, 使得聚铝碳硅烷的分子量增大, 分子量分布变宽.     

聚铝硅烷与聚碳硅烷共混先驱体制备SiC(Al)纤维

采用聚铝碳硅烷和聚碳硅烷共混制备含铝碳化硅的先驱体,并与直接合成得到的聚铝碳硅烷进行了比较.元素分析表明,共混法能够有效控制聚铝碳硅烷中的铝含量,且共混聚铝碳硅烷先驱体Si—H键含量更高.流变性能研究表明,共混获得的聚铝碳硅烷先驱体黏流活化能从255kJ/mol降至200kJ/mol,先驱体的可纺性提高,所以原纤维的平均直径从19μm降至12μm.预氧化后聚铝碳硅烷原纤维经1800℃一步烧成可得到致密的SiC(Al)纤维;XRD研究表明,纤维中的铝起到抑制碳化硅晶粒长大的作用.     

过氧化二苯甲酰为引发剂用于液态聚硅烷合成聚碳硅烷

以聚二甲基硅烷裂解制备的液态聚硅烷为原料,添加引发剂过氧化二苯甲酰合成聚碳硅烷,使液态聚硅烷合成聚碳硅烷的产率提高了20%~25%.利用FTIR和GPC对反应过程进行跟踪分析,利用元素分析,1H-NMR,13C-NMR,TG-DTA和XRD对产物的组成结构和性能进行了表征,提出了过氧化二苯甲酰对液态聚硅烷合成聚碳硅烷的促进反应机理.结果表明,过氧化二苯甲酰受热分解形成自由基,促进了液态聚硅烷中的Si—Si键断裂重排,同时也引发了小分子硅碳烷中的Si—H和Si—CH3键断裂生成Si—CH2—Si结构,使聚碳硅烷分子量长大,产率提高.同时过氧化二苯甲酰分解产生的苯基和苯甲酰氧基会作为端基或侧基引入到聚碳硅烷分子中,引起产物C、O含量的少许增加.但对聚碳硅烷高温烧结后的陶瓷收率没有显著影响.     

耐超高温SiC(Al)纤维先驱体——聚铝碳硅烷纤维的研究

以聚硅碳硅烷(PSCS)与乙酰丙酮铝(Al(AcAc)3)为原料,在常压高温条件下反应制备出聚铝碳硅烷(PACS),经过熔融纺丝制备了PACS纤维.应用GPC、IR、XPS、29Si-NMR、27Al-NMR、TG、SEM、元素分析和增重等一系列分析,分别对PACS纤维的微观组成、结构以及性能进行了分析.研究结果表明,以原料质量配比为6∶100(Al(AcAc)3∶PSCS)合成的PACS化学式为SiC2.0H7.5O0.13Al0.018,数均分子量为1700左右,最适宜制备PACS纤维;PACS纤维中主要存在SiC4、SiC3H等结构,同时存在Si—O—Al键;在氮气气氛中,PACS纤维的陶瓷产率达到52%左右;预氧化处理,PACS纤维中Si—H键与空气中的氧反应形成Si—O—Si交联结构,较聚碳硅烷(PCS)纤维易于氧化,经过预氧化的PACS纤维陶瓷产率达到80%左右,是制备耐超高温SiC(Al)陶瓷纤维的合适纤维;用预氧化PACS纤维制备的SiC(OAl)纤维和SiC(Al)纤维抗拉强度高,耐高温性能好.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.