普鲁兰多糖为骨架的新型阳离子非病毒基因载体

通过琥珀酸酐将低分子量支化聚乙烯亚胺(PEI, 分子量1000)偶联到普鲁兰多糖(Pullulan)上, 合成了新型基因载体P-PEI. 利用 ¹H NMR、 FTIR、 粒度仪、 Zeta电位仪、 透射电镜和凝胶电泳对聚阳离子载体及其与质粒pDNA 的复合物进行了表征. 凝胶阻滞实验结果证明, 载体P-PEI在体外可以通过静电相互作用稳定结合pDNA, 并能有效抑制DNA水解酶及血清成分对pDNA的降解. 噻唑蓝(MTT)细胞毒性测试、 绿色荧光蛋白表达质粒(pGFP)及荧光素酶表达质粒(pGL3)转染实验结果表明, 载体P-PEI在N/P高达12.5时对细胞MCF-7, HeLa和COS-7的毒性低于PEI; 当N/P 为6.25时能有效将pGFP和pGL3带入Hela 细胞并表达, 最佳转染效率及荧光素酶活分别为, 比Lipo 2000[(49.13±0.61)%, (58.47±7.62)×10⁸ RLU/mg蛋白) 略低. 因此以Pullulan为骨架材料的P-PEI是一种新的有潜在应用价值的非病毒基因载体.     

PEI-g-MPEG/白细胞介素-10基因传递系统转染背根神经节细胞的体外性能研究

探索非病毒基因载体聚乙二醇-聚乙烯亚胺共聚物(PEI-g-MPEG)介导白细胞介素-10(Interleukin-10,IL-10)体外转染原代培养背根神经节细胞(dorsal root ganglion cells,DRGs)的效果.采用本实验室设计合成的PEI-g-MPEG,与同时携带增强型绿色荧光蛋白报告基因及IL-10基因的真核表达质粒DNA(pDC316-EGFP/IL-10)形成复合物,以脂质体(lipofectamine)复合体系Lipo/pDNA为对照,通过溴乙啶(ethidiumbromide,EB)排斥实验、凝胶阻滞电泳实验、粒径与电位的测定及扫描电镜等实验方法观察PEI-g-MPEG/pDNA的复合效果.并且检测了复合物对DRGs的毒性、转染效果及IL-10的蛋白表达情况.结果表明,PEI-g-MPEG在N/P(PEI-g-MPEG所含的氮原子和质粒DNA中磷原子的摩尔比)为5时可完全复合pDNA;随着N/P的增大,PEI-g-MPEG/pDNA复合物的粒径逐渐减小,而表面电位逐渐增大;在N/P为15时报告基因转染效果和IL-10蛋白表达情况较好,复合物的形貌呈大小均一的球形.PEI-g-MPEG/IL-10基因传递系统对于神经病理性疼痛的基因治疗具有潜在应用价值.     

聚谷氨酸为骨架的梳状基因载体的合成及生物学性能评价

以聚谷氨酸为骨架, 用低分子量聚乙烯亚胺胺解聚谷氨酸苄酯, 得到聚谷氨酸-g-聚乙烯亚胺, 用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯将聚乙二醇单甲醚偶联到聚谷氨酸-g-聚乙烯亚胺上, 合成了梳状聚阳离子基因载体聚谷氨酸-g-(聚乙烯亚胺-b-聚乙二醇). 利用核磁共振氢谱、 激光粒度分析仪、 Zeta电位仪和凝胶电泳对聚阳离子载体及其与质粒脱氧核糖核酸(pDNA)形成的复合物进行了表征. 通过噻唑蓝(MTT)细胞毒性测试、 绿色荧光蛋白质粒pEGFP-C1及荧光素酶质粒pGL3体外转染实验考察了载体的细胞毒性及基因转染效率. 结果表明, 当聚乙烯亚胺中N原子和DNA中P原子的摩尔比(N/P)大于5时, 载体能很好地包裹DNA, 载体与DNA形成的复合物粒径约为130 nm, Zeta电位约为28 mV; 通过MTT实验和体外质粒转染实验显示出载体在测量范围内具有极低的细胞毒性和较高的转染效率.     

褶合光谱法测定β-半乳糖苷酶的活性

运用褶合光谱法建立了 β 半乳糖苷酶的最佳褶合光谱以及该酶在最佳测试条件下的线性方程 :Qj=1.90 6× 10 -2 +4 .946× 10 -3 C +1.90 9× 10 -4 C2 ,r =1.0 0 0 0 ;对已瞬时转染 β 半乳糖苷酶表达载体的COS 1细胞提取液样品中的 β 半乳糖苷酶的活性进行了测定 ,并与吸光度值分析法相对照。结果表明 :本法快速、简便、准确 ,在生化分析中有广泛的应用价值     

末端功能化的树枝状聚合物载体与质粒组装的热力学和动力学

通过二代和四代聚酰胺-胺树枝状聚合物(G2和G4表示)末端分别修饰苯丙氨酸和色氨酸合成了多种新型聚合物载体,进而考察了其与质粒的组装行为.研究结果显示,Phe-G4和Trp-G4与质粒组装为结构致密的纳米粒子,其中Phe-G4与质粒形成的纳米粒子更加紧密.这一过程是由聚合物载体与质粒间的静电相互作用和结构重排共同驱动的.此外,末端修饰方法显著降低了载体的细胞毒性.细胞转染结果表明,Phe-G4和Trp-G4成功介导质粒pEGFP-CL在COS-7细胞中表达,Phe-G4/pEGFP-CL的转染效率提高到作为阳性对照的脂质体组的4倍以上.因此,Phe-G4载体是一种有应用潜力的新型基因传递系统.     

Streptomyces maritimus苯丙氨酸变位酶的制备、表征及催化合成β-芳香丙氨酸

克隆Streptomyces maritimus来源的苯丙氨酸变位酶(Sm PAM)基因,并进行异源表达,制备了重组Sm PAM,用于一步合成高附加值的β-芳香丙氨酸.提取S.maritimus的基因组,设计1对特异性引物,采用PCR扩增编码Sm PAM的结构基因pam,与表达载体p ET28a连接,构建重组表达质粒p ET28a-pam,转入E.coli BL21中表达,采用亲和层析柱分离纯化重组酶Sm PAM.结果表明,克隆得到编码523个氨基酸长度的Sm PAM基因pam,并在大肠杆菌中实现了高效表达,制得电泳纯的重组Sm PAM.该酶在最适温度30℃,p H=9.0条件下活力达到2.5 U/mg,具有较高的热稳定性和p H稳定性,在60~70℃下保持3 h未见活性下降,在p H=9~11保持24 h,残余酶活力达到98%.Sm PAM具有较宽的底物谱,可催化苯环上携带不同基团的3-芳香丙烯酸合成β-芳香丙氨酸,当苯环上携带吸电子基团时催化反应更易完成,其中2-硝基-β-苯丙氨酸的产率最高,达到93%.     

靶向β-半乳糖苷酶光学探针的研究进展

β-半乳糖苷酶是细胞溶酶体中的一种水解酶,广泛存在于植物、细菌、真菌以及哺乳动物中,它可催化糖苷键水解,从而将乳糖转化为半乳糖.研究表明,β-半乳糖苷酶的过量表达与原发性卵巢癌的发生、发展以及细胞的衰老密切相关.因此,灵敏检测β-半乳糖苷酶的活性在生命医学领域具有重要意义.近年来,荧光探针因其高灵敏度、高选择性和高时空...     

重组人OCIF结构域D1～D6基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

利用PCR以实验室构建的原核重组表达质粒pProEX-OCIF为模板扩增得到N末端融合有6×His标签和rTEV蛋白酶识别序列的人破骨细胞形成抑制因子(OsteoclastogenesisInhibitoryFactor,简称OCIF)结构域D1～D6(简称O CIFm)编码基因片段;将其与pMD18-T连接,转化大肠杆菌TOP10,筛选得到阳性重组质粒pMD18-OCIFm,双酶切重组克隆质粒pMD18-OCIFm得到OCIFm基因片段;将其定向插入甲醇营养型酵母分泌表达载体pPIC9中,构建获得重组表达质粒pPIC9-OCIFm.测序验证后,以限制性内切酶SalⅠ线化,电穿孔转化酵母宿主菌GS115.筛选得到阳性表达菌株后,甲醇诱导表达4d,SDS-PAGE和Westernblot对表达情况进行分析和确认.所获得的OCIFm基因片段在甲醇营养型酵母中表达量占菌体总蛋白的30%以上.利用Ni-NTA树脂对表达产物进行一步亲和层析纯化.活性测定表明纯化的表达产物可诱导体外培养的成熟破骨细胞样细胞的凋亡.表达产物的生物学活性较利用原核表达系统明显提高.     

人IL-16基因重组腺病毒载体的构建与鉴定

目的:构建并鉴定人白细胞介素16(IL-16)的重组腺病毒pAd-IL-16表达载体,为进一步研究IL-16功能奠定基础.方法:分离正常人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),组胺刺激后提取总RNA,RT-PCR扩增IL-16基因,将其克隆到含有绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记的腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV后,再与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1共转化BJ5183细菌,获得重组腺病毒载体pAd-IL-16,转染 HEK 293T细胞包装病毒.荧光显微镜下观察细胞内绿色荧光,测定病毒效价,RT-PCR和Western blot分别分析细胞内IL-16 mRNA和蛋白质的表达.结果:经双酶切及基因鉴定,重组穿梭质粒和重组腺病毒质粒均见约400 by插人片段,测序结果和GenBank中的基因序列一致;重组病毒效价为2.8×10～8 pfu/mL;重组病毒感染后,HEK 293T细胞中IL-16mRNA和蛋白质均有表达.结论:成功构建IL-16重组腺病毒载体,并可在HEK 293T细胞中表达,为进一步研究IL-16的功能奠定了基础.     

基于原位聚合技术构建细胞内微环境响应型DNA递送系统北大核心CSCD

传统的非病毒载体基于分子间静电自组装作用与核酸结合,组装的复合物在体内复杂的环境中容易发生结构解离,共价结合的交联聚合物载体有望成为解决传统非病毒载体结构稳定性差的有效方案。选择N-(3-氨丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺盐酸盐、1-乙烯基咪唑、2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基磷酸胆碱与N,N′-双(丙稀酰)胱胺作为多功能性单体,采用原位聚合方法制备包载质粒DNA(pDNA)的交联聚合物-pDNA复合物。其中,共价键为载体提供优异的结构稳定性;1-乙烯基咪唑能够响应胞内溶酶体酸性微环境,触发质子海绵效应便于复合物的溶酶体逃逸;N,N′-双(丙稀酰)胱胺的二硫键可以响应胞内高水平的谷胱甘肽(GSH),实现复合物在细胞内部选择性解聚,释放内含pDNA。研究表明,该复合物平均水合半径约135 nm,ζ电势约−6.5 mV,形貌近似球形。该复合物可在10 mg/mL肝素环境中保持结构稳定性,具有响应细胞内GSH,触发释放包载核酸分子的功能。细胞实验证明该复合物细胞毒性低。细胞摄取、转染能力强。综上所述,基于原位聚合技术制备交联聚合物载体在基因递送领域具有重要应用前景,本研究为新型基因递送载体的开发提供了新思路。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.