椭球体与抛物锥体的体积推导

在研究性学习中 ,受教材《立体几何》中用祖日恒原理推导球体的体积方法的启发 ,本文探索用祖日恒原理推导椭球体和抛物锥体的体积 .1　椭球体的体积椭球体即指将椭圆绕其一条对称轴旋转一周 (半周亦可 )所得的几何体 .下面构造恰当的几何体使用祖日恒原理推导其体积 .先研究半椭球的体积 .设椭球体是由长半轴长为ａ ,短半轴长为ｂ的椭圆绕其短轴所在直线旋转得到的 .为了应用祖日恒原理 ,需要找一个可求体积的几何体 ,使它和旋转半椭球体可夹在两平行平面间 ,用平行于这两个平面的任意一个平面去截它们时 ,截面面积总相等 .图 1　求半椭球…     

椭球体的带任意Abel系数群的辛同调群

本文中，我们建立了辛空间Ｒ~２ｎ中椭球体的带任意Ａｂｅｌ系数的辛同调群理论．从而给出了椭球体的一个辛不变量．     

188Pb形状共存的研究

用角动量投影壳模型研究了188Pb核素的形状共存.实验数据经过计算结果的分析,指出188Pb的低位激发态中存在着对应于不同内部粒子组态的球形基态、扁椭球和长椭球3种形状的共存;预言了质子h9/2两粒子-两空穴扁椭球带;指出长椭球带是两种多粒子-空穴组态的混合,推导出了混合系数.根据这些系数,说明中子i13/2对破裂引起的顺排对长椭球带的影响是一个渐进过程,指出了长椭球带2+态的能量范围为804～880keV.     

凸体的p次径向平均体的几个性质

本文证明了凸体的p次径向平均体的线性不变性和椭球的p次径向平均体仍是椭球,并且获得了p次径向平均体相应于Blaschke-Santaló不等式的一个反向不等式．     

恒星速度椭球分布的由来

恒星速度椭球分布是关于恒星运动的一个基本的观测规律,从本世纪初提出以来,它得到了进一步的观测证实,并在星系动力学研究中被广泛地运用.但是这一规律本身的由来——即恒星速度椭球分布最初是怎样形成的——却一直没有得到解释。根据恒星是从原始星云转化而来这一辩证唯物主义自然观,本文考察了银河系前身原始气体云内部的湍流运动,证明这种湍流运动必导致速度椭球分布。这一分布首先为星胚所继承,以后星场的随机引力则只是引起椭球参数和方位的变化。这样,便为恒星速度椭球分布的最初形成提供了一个解释。     

188Pb形状共存的研究

用角动量投影壳模型研究了¹⁸⁸Pb核素的形状共存 .实验数据经过计算结果的分析 ,指出¹⁸⁸Pb的低位激发态中存在着对应于不同内部粒子组态的球形基态、扁椭球和长椭球 3种形状的共存 ;预言了质子h_9/2 两粒子 两空穴扁椭球带 ;指出长椭球带是两种多粒子 空穴组态的混合 ,推导出了混合系数 .根据这些系数 ,说明中子i_13/2 对破裂引起的顺排对长椭球带的影响是一个渐进过程 ,指出了长椭球带 2 ⁺ 态的能量范围为 80 4～ 880keV     

(p,q)-John椭球

本文主要研究(p,q)-John椭球.经典的John椭球和L_p John椭球均是(p,q)-John椭球的特殊情形.首先讨论(p,q)-John椭球的充分必要条件和连续性.得到了关于(p,q)-John椭球的不等式和包含关系,所得到的不等式和包含关系分别类似于Ball体积比不等式和John包含关系.     

相关于变量各向异性Calderón-Zygmund算子的交换子的有界性

设T是一个相关于Rn上连续多尺度椭球覆盖Θ的奇异积分算子.椭球族Θ中椭球的形状可以随尺度的变化以及位置的变化而迅速改变.[b,T]表示由某Lip-函数b与T生成的交换子.为研究[b,T]在函数空间上的有界性,利用调和分析的实变方法得到了[b,T]从变量各向异性Hardy空间到Lebesgue空间的有界性,并在端点情形下...     

椭球过程的导数与积分的特征函数

令X(t)为椭球随机变量,我们引入椭球过程的概念。在椭球过程的导数与积分存在的条件下,本文给出了椭球过程的导数与积分的特征函数。     

C1封闭引理的一个较简单的证明

本文考虑了可逆线性变换所对应的n维椭球的无穷序列。借助于此椭球序列实现了从一点到另一点的Ⅳ倍不挠动迁移,从而得到了C¹封闭引理的一个较简单且较几何直观的证明。     

Partially isometric dilations of noncommuting -tuples of operators

Given a row contraction of operators on a Hilbert space and a family of projections on the space that stabilizes the operators, we show there is a unique minimal joint dilation to a row contraction of partial isometries that satisfy natural relations. For a fixed row contraction the set of all dilations forms a partially ordered set with a largest and smallest element. A key technical device in our analysis is a connection with directed graphs. We use a Wold decomposition for partial isometries to describe the models for these dilations, and we discuss how the basic properties of a dilation depend on the row contraction.

     

Formulation of the problem of sonic boom by a maneuvering aerofoil as a one-parameter family of Cauchy problems

For the structure of a sonic boom produced by a simple aerofoil at a large distance from its source we take a physical model which consists of a leading shock (LS), a trailing shock (TS) and a one-parameter family of nonlinear wavefronts in between the two shocks. Then we develop a mathematical model and show that according to this model the LS is governed by a hyperbolic system of equations in conservation form and the system of equations governing the TS has a pair of complex eigenvalues. Similarly, we show that a nonlinear wavefront originating from a point on the front part of the aerofoil is governed by a hyperbolic system of conservation laws and that originating from a point on the rear part is governed by a system of conservation laws, which is elliptic. Consequently, we expect the geometry of the TS to be kink-free and topologically different from the geometry of the LS. In the last section we point out an evidence of kinks on the LS and kink-free TS from the numerical solution of the Euler’s equations by Inoue, Sakai and Nishida [5].     

Fredholm’s boundary-value problems for differential systems with a single delay

Conditions are derived for the existence of solutions of linear Fredholm’s boundary-value problems for systems of ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients and a single delay. Utilizing a delayed matrix exponential and a method of pseudo-inverse by Moore-Penrose matrices led to an explicit and analytical form of a criterion for the existence of solutions in a relevant space and, moreover, to the construction of a family of linearly independent solutions of such problems in a general case with the number of boundary conditions (defined by a linear vector functional) not coinciding with the number of unknowns of a differential system with a single delay.     

New parameters of subsets in polynomial association schemes

We define new parameters, a zero interval and a dual zero interval, of subsets in P- or Q-polynomial association schemes. A zero interval of a subset in a P-polynomial association scheme is a successive interval index for which the inner distribution vanishes, and a dual zero interval of a subset in a Q-polynomial association scheme is a successive interval index for which the dual inner distribution vanishes. We derive bounds of the lengths of a zero interval and a dual zero interval using the degree and dual degree respectively, and show that a subset in a P-polynomial association scheme (resp. a Q-polynomial association scheme) having a large length of a zero interval (resp. a dual zero interval) induces a completely regular code (resp. a Q-polynomial association scheme). Moreover, we consider the spherical analogue of a dual zero interval.     

A genetic algorithm for the two-stage supply chain distribution problem associated with a fixed charge

This paper considers a two-stage distribution problem of a supply chain that is associated with a fixed charge. Two kinds of cost are involved in this problem: a continuous cost that linearly increases with the amount transported between a source and a destination, and secondly, a fixed charge, that incurs whenever there exists a transportation of a non-zero quantity between a source and a destination. The objective criterion is the minimisation of the total cost of distribution. A genetic algorithm (GA) that belongs to evolutionary search heuristics is proposed and illustrated. The proposed methodology is evaluated for its solution quality by comparing it with the approximate and lower bound solutions. Thus, the comparison reveals that the GA generates better solution than the approximation method and is capable of providing solution either equal or closer to the lower bound solution of the problem.     

Kripke submodels and universal sentences

We define two notions for intuitionistic predicate logic: that of a submodel of a Kripke model, and that of a universal sentence. We then prove a corresponding preservation theorem. If a Kripke model is viewed as a functor from a small category to the category of all classical models with (homo)morphisms between them, then we define a submodel of a Kripke model to be a restriction of the original Kripke model to a subcategory of its domain, where every node in the subcategory is mapped to a classical submodel of the corresponding classical model in the range of the original Kripke model. We call a sentence universal if it is built inductively from atoms (including ? and ⊥) using ∧, ∨, ?, and →, with the restriction that antecedents of → must be atomic. We prove that an intuitionistic theory is axiomatized by universal sentences if and only if it is preserved under Kripke submodels. We also prove the following analogue of a classical model‐consistency theorem: The universal fragment of a theory Γ is contained in the universal fragment of a theory Δ if and only if every rooted Kripke model of Δ is strongly equivalent to a submodel of a rooted Kripke model of Γ. Our notions of Kripke submodel and universal sentence are natural in the sense that in the presence of the rule of excluded middle, they collapse to the classical notions of submodel and universal sentence. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

覆盖数不超过3的图上渡河问题

1000多年前,英国著名学者Alcuin曾提出一个古老的渡河问题,即狼、羊和卷心菜的渡河问题。2006年,Prisner把该问题推广到任意的冲突图上,考虑了一类情况更一般的渡河运输问题。所谓冲突图是指一个图G=(V,E),这里V代表某些物品的集合,V中的两个点有边连结当且仅当这两个点是冲突的,即在无人监管的情况下不允许留在一起的点。图G=(V,E)的一个可行运输方案是指在保证不发生任何冲突的前提下,把V的点所代表的物品全部摆渡到河对岸的一个运输方案。图G的Alcuin数定义为它存在可行运输方案时所需船的最小容量。本文讨论了覆盖数不超过3的连通图的Alcuin数,给出了该类图Alcuin数的完全刻画。     

Two questions on semi-clean group rings

It was proved in [4] that every group ring of a torsion abelian group over a commutative local ring is a semi-clean ring. It was asked in [4] whether every group ring of a torsion abelian group over a commutative clean ring is a semi-clean ring and whether every group ring of a torsion abelian group over a commutative semi-clean ring is a semi-clean ring. In this paper, we give a positive answer to question 1 and a negative answer to question 2.     

A Dynamic Frictional Contact Problem with Normal Damped Response

We consider a mathematical model which describes the frictional contact between a viscoelastic body and a reactive foundation. The process is assumed to be dynamic and the contact is modeled with a general normal damped response condition and a local friction law. We present a variational formulation of the problem and prove the existence and uniqueness of the weak solution, using results on evolution equations with monotone operators and a fixed point argument. We then introduce and study a fully discrete numerical approximation scheme of the variational problem, in terms of the velocity variable. The numerical scheme has a unique solution. We derive error estimates under additional regularity assumptions on the data and the solution.