微波辅助消解ICP-AES法测定小茴香中20种元素

采用微波消解法处理小茴香样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定其中Na、K、Sr、Ca、Mg、P、As、Zn、Pb、Co、Cd、Ni、Ba、Fe、Mn、Cr、Cu、Al、Ti和B 20种常量和微量元素的含量。20种元素的检出限为0.00002~0.00468μg·mL-1,回收率为89.50%~107.89%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小6%。结果显示,小茴香果实及其嫩叶中除含有人体必需的常量元素K,Na,Ca,Mg,P外,还含有Fe、Zn、Mn、Cr、Co等必需的微量元素和其他元素Ti、B、Ni、Al、Sr、Ba等。     

Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)1-2xTixNbxO2的合成及电化学性能

采用共沉淀-高温固相烧结法在900oC空气中煅烧,合成了层状复合掺杂型正极材料Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)1-2xTixNbxO2(x=0,0.002,0.005,0.01,0.02).通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和电化学测试等观察与研究掺杂元素对Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2的形貌结构和电化学性能的影响.结果表明,适量Ti、Nb掺入Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2,降低了材料的阳离子混排程度,且晶胞参数随着掺杂量的增加而增加.与未掺杂材料相比,Ti-Nb复合掺杂的样品具有更好的电性能和高温性能.当x=0.005时,材料的综合性能最好,方型铝壳电池3.0~4.2 V电位区间首次1C放电比容165.9 mAh.g-1,常温循环100周期容量保持率96.5%,55oC循环300周期容量保持率为92.6%,80oC/6 h高温存储后冷却2 h电池厚度膨胀率9.8%.     

ICP-AES法测定红土镍矿中镍、钙、钛、锰、铜、钴、铬、锌与磷的含量

建立了ICP-AES法测定红土镍矿中Ni;Ca;Ti;Mn;Cu;Co;Cr;Zn和P含量的方法。样品用HCl、HNO3溶解,加入HF和HClO4,加热至HClO4烟冒尽,用HCl溶解盐类,过滤,采用ICP-AES法同时测定滤液中Ni、Ca、Mn、Cu、Co、Zn、P;残渣经灼烧、挥硅、K2S2O7熔融、HCl浸取,所得溶液与滤液合并,测定溶液中Cr和Ti含量。方法检出限:P为0.022μg/mL,其它元素在0.0032～0.0085μg/mL之间,方法的精密度(n=7)在1.4%～2.9%之间。分析结果与分光光度法、XRF法和AAS法分析结果的相对误差:Ni、Cu、Co、Cr小于5%,Ti和Mn小于10%,Zn小于15%,Ca和P小于19%。     

合成温度对全梯度正极材料LiNi_(0.7)Co_(0.15)Mn_(0.15)O_2的结构和电化学性能影响（英文）

通过控制结晶法和浓度梯度进料的方式制备了Ni、Co和Mn三元素组分含量呈全梯度分布的类球形Ni_(0.7)Co_(0.15)Mn_(0.15)(OH)_2前驱体,与LiOH·H_2O均匀混合并焙烧后获得LiNi_(0.7)Co_(0.15)Mn_(0.15)O_2正极材料,系统研究了不同焙烧温度对材料Ni、Co和Mn三元素扩散情况、晶体结构及电化学性能的影响规律。通过能谱仪(EDXS)分析不同焙烧温度下材料颗粒中Ni、Co、Mn三元素的扩散程度。研究结果表明,在800℃下焙烧得到的正极材料梯度分布特征明显且电化学性能最佳,首次放电比容量为186.1 m Ah·g~(-1)(2.8~4.3 V,0.2C),2C大倍率充放电条件下循环200次后容量保持率为90.1%。这种材料兼具高比容量及良好的循环稳定性,可以用作下一代高能量密度锂离子电池正极材料。     

微波辅助消解ICP-AES法测定几种血藤中17种元素*

目的 建立电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定血藤类中药中K、Ca、Mg、P、Sr、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu 、Co、Cr、Al 、Ba、Ni、As、Pb和Cd17种常量和微量元素含量的测定方法。方法 采用微波辅助消解样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定几种血藤中17种元素的含量。 结果 该方法的检出限为0.00003~0.00981μg/mL,回收率88.37% ~110. 00%,相对标准偏差( RSD) 均小于5.0%。结论 该方法可快速、灵敏、准确测定血藤类中药中多种常量、微量元素的含量。血藤样品中除含有人体必需的常量元素K、Ca、Mg外,还含有Fe、Zn、Mn、Cr、Co等必需的微量元素和其它元素P、Ni、Ba、Al、Sr、Pb、Cd、Ba等。     

全谱直流电弧发射光谱法同时测定钼样品中17种杂质元素

为了解决现有测定方法中样品前处理复杂、测定过程繁琐的问题,研究了直流电弧发射光谱法测定钼样品中Al、Bi、Ca、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sb、Si、Sn、Ti、V等17种元素的方法。用石墨粉(98%)、碳酸钠(1%)和氟化钠(1%)作为光谱缓冲剂抑制基体元素蒸发、稳定弧焰、促进杂质元素的蒸发;采用样品装满电极后下压2 mm和滴加蔗糖乙醇水溶液(2%)的方式,防止喷溅的发生,稳定激发过程,减小基体干扰;对挥发难易程度不同的元素采用信号分段采集的方式,提高各元素信噪比。方法灵敏度高、分析速度快、操作简便,加标回收率为85%~120%,各元素分析精密度均小于15%。     

王水水浴消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定土壤中10种重金属元素

为避免在土壤溶解过程中使用高氯酸、硫酸、氢氟酸和繁琐的赶酸步骤,减少污染、降低能耗,采用王水水浴法消解样品,以Rh为内标,优选测试同位素并消除质谱干扰,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定土壤中V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mo、Cd和Pb等10种重金属元素的方法。校准曲线的相关系数为0.999 5～0.999 9,各元素的检出限为0.01～0.96μg/g,测定的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)为0.60%～12.3%,加标回收率为95.0%～106%。通过测定30种农用地土壤成分标准物质,考察王水溶解法的提取能力。结果表明,提取率与元素种类有关,各元素的提取率中位数排列为V(51%)、Cr(51%)、Ni(82%)、Co(86%)、Mn(91%)、Mo(92%)、Cu(93%)、Pb(94%)、Zn(96%)和Cd(100%);提取率还与样品基体及重金属含量有关,不同土壤标准物质的提取率差别较大,元素含量越高,提取率有升高趋势,因此方法质控不宜使用全量分析标准物质。     

Ag/C包覆对Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2电化学性能的影响

运用共沉淀和元素化学沉积相结合的方法,制备出了具有Ag/C包覆层的层状富锂固溶体材料Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、恒流充放电、循环伏安(CV),电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和X射线能量散射谱(EDS)方法,研究了Ag/C包覆层对Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2电化学性能的影响.结果表明,Ag/C包覆层的厚度约为25 nm,Ag/C包覆在保持了固溶体材料α-NaFeO2六方层状晶体结构的前提下,显著地改善了Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2的电化学性能.在2.0-4.8 V(vs Li/Li+)的电压范围内,首次放电(0.05C)容量由242.6 mAh·g-1提高到272.4 mAh·g-1,库仑效率由67.6%升高到77.4%;在0.2C倍率下,30次循环后,Ag/C包覆的电极材料容量为222.6 mAh·g-1,比未包覆电极材料的容量高出14.45%;包覆后的电极材料在1C下的容量仍为0.05C下的81.3%.循环伏安及电化学交流阻抗谱研究表明,Ag/C包覆层抑制了材料在充放电过程中氧的损失,有效降低了Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2颗粒的界面膜电阻与电化学反应电阻.     

锂离子正极材料Li(Ni_(1/3)Co_(1/3)Mn_(1/3))_(1-x)Al_xO_2的制备及电化学性能

以化学法合成Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)1-xAlxO2系列正极材料(0≤x≤0.1);用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和充放电仪研究系列产物的晶体微观结构、表面形貌以及电化学性能,研究不同Al含量参杂对材料性能的影响。结果表明,合成的材料均属于六方晶系,R3m空间群,保持α-NaFeO2层状结构相;Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)0.95Al0.05O2的首次放电容量166.30 mA·h/g,在2.5~4.5 V区间60次循环后比容量衰竭率为4.43%。通过对比Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)0.95Al0.05O2和Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2的电极阻抗,分析它们的电化学循环机理,可知掺杂Al后的正极材料适合大倍率放电。     

碳酸盐共沉淀法制备Li[Li0.2Co0.13Ni0.13Mn0.54]O2中加料方式对产物性能的影响

采用碳酸钠和碳酸氢铵作为沉淀剂和络合剂,在水溶液中共沉淀Mn2+、Ni2+和Co2+以获得混合过渡金属元素的碳酸盐沉淀前驱体Mn0.675Ni0.1625Co0.1625CO3。并进一步合成高容量锂离子电池正极材料Li[Li0.2Co0.13Ni0.13Mn0.54]O2。考察了3种不同加料方式对共沉淀前驱体的结构、形貌和元素比例的影响,以及对最终产物的结构、形貌和电化学性能的影响。     

Co-precipitative pre-concentration with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and ICP-AES determination of Se, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cr and Cd in water

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate in the presence of a weak oxidizing agent is used as a co-precipitative agent for the pre-concentration of Se, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Cr and Cd. A procedure was developed for ICP-AES determination of these elements after pre-concentration in river and waste water (an enrichment factor of 40). The recovery of all the elements tested for was more than 98%. The limits of determination (mg l⁻¹) (10 S.D. blank) are 0.001 (Cu, Co, Cr, Mn), 0.0007 (Zn, Cd), 0.003 (Se), 0.004 (Fe), 0.007 (Ni), and 0.01 (Pb).     

Determination of impurities in nuclear fuel element components by neutron activation analysis

Neutron activation analysis methods for the determination of impurities in zirconium cladding material and uranium oxide are described. Detection limits for the elements Al, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Hf, Fe, Mn, Ni, W and U in zirconium are below that required by the ASTM B 352-79 standard. The method has been tested on the NIST SRM 360a Zircaloy-2 from which the elements Na, Mg, Al, Ca, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Eu and U have been detected. The values for Cr, Fe, Ni and Cu are compared with the certified values. A method for the pre-irradiation separation of the elements Mg, Na, Al, K, Sc, Ca, V, Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Rb, Zr, Cd, Cs, REE and Hf from uranium has been developed. A neutron activation analysis method for the determination of those elements in uranium is described. The method is tested by the analysis of the IAEA reference sample SR-54/64. The elements Al, Mn, V, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni and Fe have been detected and the results compared with the certified values.     

合成温度对全梯度正极材料LiNi0.7Co0.15O2的结构和电化学性能影响

通过控制结晶法和浓度梯度进料的方式制备了Ni、Co和Mn三元素组分含量呈全梯度分布的类球形Ni_0.7Co_0.15Mn_0.15（OH）₂前驱体,与LiOH·H₂O均匀混合并焙烧后获得LiNi_0.7Co_0.15O₂正极材料,系统研究了不同焙烧温度对材料Ni、Co和Mn三元素扩散情况、晶体结构及电化学性能的影响规律。通过能谱仪（EDXS）分析不同焙烧温度下材料颗粒中Ni、Co、Mn三元素的扩散程度。研究结果表明,在800℃下焙烧得到的正极材料梯度分布特征明显且电化学性能最佳,首次放电比容量为186.1 mAh·g^-1（2.8~4.3 V,0.2C）,2C大倍率充放电条件下循环200次后容量保持率为90.1%。这种材料兼具高比容量及良好的循环稳定性,可以用作下一代高能量密度锂离子电池正极材料。     

Ion-Exchange Separtion and Determination of Mn,Co, Zn and Ni with Xylenol Orange as Post-Column Reagent

ABSTRACT

A method for the simultaneous determination of Mn, Co, Zn and Ni which combines Ion-chromatography and a post column reaction with xylenol orange is described. Using 0.07 M oxalic acid (pH adjusted to 5.5 with lithium hydroxide) as eluent, Mn, Co, Zn and Ni were first separated on a 4x250mm IonpacCS-5 column having both sulphonic acid and Alkyl quaternary ammonia functional groups and then transferred to a post-column reaction coil, where the elements react with xylenol orange. The coloured complexes formed were spectrophotometrically measured at 570 nm. The procedure has been successfully applied for the determination of Co, Zn and Ni in Al-bronze.     

合成温度对全梯度正极材料LiNi0.7Co0.15Mn0.15O2的结构和电化学性能影响

通过控制结晶法和浓度梯度进料的方式制备了Ni、Co和Mn三元素组分含量呈全梯度分布的类球形Ni_0.7Co_0.15Mn_0.15（OH）₂前驱体,与LiOH·H₂O均匀混合并焙烧后获得LiNi_0.7Co_0.15Mn_0.15O₂正极材料,系统研究了不同焙烧温度对材料Ni、Co和Mn三元素扩散情况、晶体结构及电化学性能的影响规律。通过能谱仪（EDXS）分析不同焙烧温度下材料颗粒中Ni、Co、Mn三元素的扩散程度。研究结果表明,在800℃下焙烧得到的正极材料梯度分布特征明显且电化学性能最佳,首次放电比容量为186.1 mAh·g^-1（2.8~4.3 V,0.2C）,2C大倍率充放电条件下循环200次后容量保持率为90.1%。这种材料兼具高比容量及良好的循环稳定性,可以用作下一代高能量密度锂离子电池正极材料。     

Determination of impurities in high-purity niobium(V) oxide by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after sorption preconcentration

Method of sorption–atomic-absorption determination of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni in samples of high-purity Nb₂O₅ with heterochain S,N-containing sorbents was developed. The method is based on the sorption preconcentration of trace impurities followed by their determination by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR CS GFAAS). Selectivity of three original inhouse synthesized S,N-containing heterochain sorbents was studied. The recoveries of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni using heterochain sorbents OKS, MTH, and GLSH were 100, 80, and 76%, correspondingly. Sorbent “OKS”, which provided the quantitative recovery of trace impurities, was chosen for further research. The sorption conditions for chloride solutions of different acidities (0.1–3 M HCl) were studied and optimized. Using the conditions established for the sorption and HR CS GFAAS analysis, trace Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni were determined in high purity Nb₂O₅ with a relative error less than 5%. The trueness control of the obtained results is confirmed by the “added–found” method. The developed method allows us to determine concentrations of analytes: 0.02–0.20 ppm Co, 2.0–3.3 ppm Cr, 0.2–1.5 ppm Cu, 6.0–21.0 ppm Fe, 0.6–0.8 ppm Mn, and 2.8–3.5 ppm Ni. The proposed methodology can be successfully extended to the determination of various trace elements in other high-purity inorganic materials.     

三元素氢氧化物中镍钴锰含量的测定

采用仪器分析方法和化学分析方法相结合测定三元前驱体Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33(OH)2中镍、钴、锰主含量,分别采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)内标法测定镍、钴、锰的摩尔比例,EDTA滴定法测定镍、钴、锰的摩尔总量,计算得到各元素的含量。通过优化实验条件,进行了准确度和精密度实验,加标回收率为99.2%~101%,相对标准偏差小于0.65%。方法准确、快速,已用于实际的检测工作中。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定黄铜中主、次量元素

提出了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定黄铜中铜和锌等主量元素,镍、铅、铝、锡、铁、锰、磷和钴等次量元素的分析方法。选择了各元素的分析谱线,运用干扰元素系数法校正光谱干扰,用内标校正和同步背景校正消除基体影响。各元素的质量分数均在一定的范围内与其信号强度呈线性关系。方法用于分析两个铜合金样品,测定结果与光电直读光谱法、化学法的测定值一致;用于分析3种铜合金标准样品,测定值与标准值相一致。     

The use of carbon nanofibers microcolumn preconcentration for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry determination of Mn,Co and Ni

Based on carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as a solid phase extraction adsorbent, a microcolumn preconcentration method coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) was developed for the determination of trace elements (Mn, Co and Ni). The effect of various experimental parameters such as pH, sample flow rate and volume, elution solution and interfering ions on the retention of the studied ions have been investigated systematically. During all the steps of the experimental process, Mn, Co and Ni could be quantitatively sorbed on the microcolumn containing CNFs in the range of pH 6.0–9.0, and then eluted completely with 0.5 mol ml^− 1 HNO₃. A preconcentration factor of 150-fold was obtained. The detection limits for Mn, Co and Ni were 40, 0.4 and 8.0 pg ml^− 1, respectively, with relative standard deviations less than 6.0%. In order to validate the proposed method, two certified reference materials of human hair (GBW 07601) and mussel (GBW 08571), and water sample were analyzed with satisfactory results. The recoveries were between 95.0 and 114%.