氮掺杂碳点的合成与应用

碳纳米点(碳点)是一种新型的纳米发光材料,具有优异的发光性能、良好的生物相容性、低毒性、水溶性好和表面易功能化等特性,在光电器件、生物成像、光热治疗等领域展现了潜在应用价值。然而,合成碳点的前驱体材料多种多样,合成方法各有不同,导致其发光机理复杂多样。本文主要针对使用柠檬酸作为碳源、尿素或氨水作为氮源,采用微波和溶剂热的合成方法制备的氮掺杂碳点,探索碳点的发光机理和抑制碳点聚集诱导荧光猝灭的方法,并进一步研究碳点在固态照明、可见光光通讯、生物成像和光热治疗等领域的应用前景。     

荧光碳点的制备、发光机理及应用

碳点合成原料来源广泛,发光性能可调,生物相容性良好,在生物成像、离子检测、发光材料等领域具有巨大的应用潜力.本文综述了碳点的制备方法、发光原理以及应用,重点介绍了碳点的制备方法,总结了近年来碳点在催化、生物成像等领域的最新进展;指出未来研究中需要进一步对碳点的合成进行优化,深入探究碳点的发光机理;制备发光波长可调、尺寸...     

发光碳纳米点的带隙调控及应用

碳点作为一种新型的碳基荧光纳米粒子由于其可调谐发光、高光稳定性、生物相容性和低成本等独特优势而引起了很多关注。在过去的十几年中,碳点的制备和应用取得了巨大进展。然而,由于前体和合成方法的多样性,碳点的光致发光机理具有很大争议。现在人们普遍认为,碳点的光致发光源于电子在带隙的跃迁,并将荧光起源分别归结为碳核跃迁(π-π~*)、表面态跃迁(n-π~*)以及分子荧光团等。本文总结了碳点发光起源的几种可能和机制,分别讨论了通过调控碳点粒径以及进行表面工程处理的方法来实现碳纳米点带隙可调控的高效发光。介绍了通过表面工程、元素掺杂等手段提升碳纳米点光致发光量子产率及其在光电器件、信息存储、生物成像、光热治疗以及光动力治疗中的应用。     

氮掺杂碳纳米点的研究进展

碳纳米点由于具有独特的发光特性、良好的生物相容性、低毒性、良好的光稳定性等特性在近年来被广泛关注。这些特性使其在光电器件、可见光通讯、肿瘤治疗、生物成像等领域拥有潜在的应用价值。受到原料和合成方法的影响,碳纳米点材料体系多种多样。本文将系统地综述本课题组近年来以柠檬酸和尿素为主要原料合成的氮掺杂碳纳米点及其物理化学性质,探讨碳纳米点能带调控的方法及原理,并介绍碳纳米点的应用研究进展。     

氮掺杂发光碳纳米点的研究探索

采用微波法制备了氮掺杂碳纳米点。通过调控碳纳米点中氮元素的掺杂含量和表面的化学环境,实现了对碳纳米点发光特性的调控。在此基础上,可实现完全基于氮掺杂碳纳米点的荧光墨水、比率型荧光探针及光泵浦激光。研究目的在于探索氮掺杂碳纳米点的发光机理,揭示影响碳纳米点荧光量子效率的因素及其在生物成像、传感、防伪、信息存储、激光等领域的应用。     

荧光碳量子点的制备与生物医学应用研究进展

碳量子点是一类具有优异的荧光性能和高生物相容性的纳米材料,在很多领域有广泛的应用,是目前研究的热点材料。本文介绍了碳量子点不同的合成方法,以及碳量子点的荧光、化学发光、电化学发光、类过氧化物酶的活性及毒性等性能的最新研究进展。此外,还对碳量子点在生物传感、生物成像及药物传递等生物医学应用进行了概述。     

应用于生物医疗领域的碳纳米点及其复合物

碳纳米点作为新兴的碳纳米材料,具备制备成本低、尺寸小、低毒、生物相容性高、水溶性好、易修饰、光物理性质独特等诸多优点,在生物医疗领域展现了独有的优势和应用前景。由于具有丰富的表面官能团,碳纳米点可以与靶向配体、医学影像造影剂、核酸、化学药物、光敏剂、光热转换试剂等功能性诊断治疗试剂相互作用形成复合物。目前,碳纳米点及其复合物在医学影像、基因治疗、化学药物治疗、光热、光动力治疗等生物医学诊断治疗领域的应用正在被广泛的开发和报道。这些工作对开发基于碳纳米点的医学诊断治疗试剂及其临床推进具有重要意义,为推进人类重大疾病的个体化、可视化、非入侵式、小损伤的诊断治疗提供一种新的药物体系。本文将关注应用于诊断治疗领域的碳纳米点及其复合物的设计、构建及性能研究,对已报道的基于碳纳米点的诊断治疗试剂在生物医疗领域的研究进展进行总结和讨论。     

基于氮掺杂碳点荧光猝灭法检测铜离子

作为一种新型的碳纳米材料,掺杂碳点具有量子产率高、可调的发光范围、良好的水溶性和生物相容性等优点,使其在环境、电子发光、生物成像和细胞标记等领域显示出广泛的应用前景。本课题组以柠檬酸为碳源,谷胱甘肽为氮源,用水热法成功合成了氮掺杂碳点,将其作为荧光探针用于微量铜离子的检测。     

基于超级碳点的水致荧光“纳米炸弹”

介绍了一种发光性质依赖于水接触的新型纳米发光材料--基于超级碳点的发光"纳米炸弹"。在甲苯溶液中, 这种"纳米炸弹"光致发光很弱;当遇见水后, "纳米炸弹"分解为小的碳点, 光致发光显著增强。将"纳米炸弹"与纸复合可应用在喷水荧光打印和汗孔成像。目前, 大部分智能荧光材料存在光稳定性差, 潜在的生物毒性, 制备成本高, 或与传统喷墨打印不兼容等缺点。本文报道的碳基纳米材料没有(或很少有)这些缺点, 并可实际应用在光信息存储, 司法鉴定和医疗检测等领域。     

近红外光热转换纳米晶研究进展

近红外光热转换纳米晶材料因其在近红外区(普遍位于780~1 400 nm)的高效光热转换性能,已广泛应用于光热杀死癌细胞、肿瘤治疗、海水淡化等领域。因其多样的液相制备方法和形貌控制、纳米结构复合、逐渐提高的光热转换效率以及表面易于药物修饰等优点,该材料在光热成像诊断、光热治疗等领域引起了学术界的广泛关注。本文综述了近红外光热转换纳米晶的研究进展,主要包括贵金属纳米晶、铜硫族半导体纳米晶、碳相关纳米晶以及这些纳米晶材料构成的复合结构,同时介绍了具有较高光热转换效率的表面等离子体共振(SPR)材料的研究进展,尤其是双模态SPR性质的耦合在光热转换领域的应用前景。基于其性能协同耦合的特性,双模态表面等离子体共振耦合的复合纳米晶将是近几年光热转换纳米晶发展的重要方向。     

Red/Near‐Infrared Emissive Metalloporphyrin‐Based Nanodots for Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Guided Photodynamic Therapy In Vivo

Near‐infrared emissive (NIR) porphyrin‐implanted carbon nanodots (PCNDs or MPCNDs) are prepared by selectively carbonization of free base or metal complexes [M = Zn(II) or Mn(III)] of tetra‐(meso‐aminophenyl)porphyrin in the presence of citric acid. The as‐prepared nanodots exhibit spontaneously NIR emission, small size, good aqueous dispersibility, and favorable biocompatibility characteristic of both porphyrins and pristine carbon nanodots. The subcellular localization experiment of nanodots indicates a lysosome‐targeting feature. And the in vitro photodynamic therapy (PDT) results on HeLa cells indicate the nanodots alone have no adverse effect on tumor cells, but display remarkable photodynamic efficacy upon irradiation. Moreover, MnPCNDs containing paramagnetic Mn(III) ions, which possesses good biocompatibility, NIR luminescence, and magnetic resonance imaging and efficient singlet oxygen production, are further studied in magnetic resonance imaging‐guided photodynamic therapy in vivo.     

氧化石墨烯的多色发光及其在荧光成像中的应用

氧化石墨烯作为石墨烯的一种带隙打开的衍生物,极大地丰富了其光学性质,并拓展了它在传感和成像方面的应用,特别是氧化石墨烯限域的π共轭结构对构建发光碳材料提供了十分便利的条件。目前,有大量的研究工作报道了氧化石墨烯及其衍生物能够产生多种颜色的荧光信号,然而,系统地总结这些研究去揭示氧化石墨烯发光机理的相关工作还比较少。本文总结了关于发光氧化石墨烯纳米材料的合成及其在光学成像方面应用的大量研究工作,为进一步开发新型的发光氧化石墨烯材料提供一些建设性意见。     

Template synthesis of monodisperse carbon nanodots

Monodisperse carbon nanodots in pores of mesoporous silica particles are obtained by template synthesis. This method is based on introducing a precursor (organosilane) into pores, its thermal decomposition with formation of carbon nanodots, and the template removal. Structural analysis of the nanomaterial has been performed, which showed that carbon nanodots have an approximately spherical form and a graphite-like structure. According to dynamic light scattering data, the size of carbon nanodots is 3.3 ± 0.9 nm.

     

Formation and properties of high density Si nanodots

Laser induced crystallization of ultrathin hydrogenated amorphous Si films or amorphous Si-based multilayered structures were used to get high density Si nanodots. The present technique can get size controllable Si nanodots embedded in various dielectric materials with uniform distribution which was revealed by cross-section transmission electron microscopy. Room temperature photoluminescence and electroluminescence were achieved with the emission wavelength in a visible light region both from a-SiN/Si nanodots/a-SiN sandwiched and Si nanodots/SiO₂ multilayered structures. The luminescence was associated with the radiative recombination of generated electron-hole pairs in Si nanodots or the luminescent surface states. The electroluminescence intensity is increased with increasing the injection current implying the bipolar carrier injection plays an important role in enhancing the luminescence efficiency. The formed Si nanodots by the present approach can be applied for many kinds of devices such as high efficient light emitting diodes and solar cells.     

Atomic Precise Gold Nanoclusters: Toward the Customize Synthesis,Precision Medicine

With the advantages of controllable atomic composition, unique molecular-like properties, and excellent biocompatibility, atomic precision Au cluster is an ideal candidate for developing materials with customized biological functions to meet the needs of precision medicine. To achieve the rational design of functional materials through structural regulation at the atomic level, it is important to clarify the relationship between the structure and properties of Au clusters. With the development of synthesis methodology, a variety of structural regulation methods of Au clusters have been developed, providing new opportunities for structure–activity relationship establishment and precision medicine application. This review introduces the synthesis and structure regulation methods of atomic precision Au clusters, and the effects of structural regulation on the physicochemical properties are further described. At the same time, the applications of Au clusters in precision medicine, including the detection of biomolecules, functional imaging, and disease therapy are discussed, as well as the recent studies around their biosafety. At last, it also briefly summarizes the current problems and development directions. The present work provides potential theoretical guidance for the rational design of Au clusters with customized biological functions and is of great significance for broadening their applications in the field of precision medicine.     

Physical Manipulation of Lanthanide‐Activated Photoluminescence

Versatile manipulation of lanthanide photoluminescence not only enables a more thorough understanding of the luminescent mechanism, but also promotes their widespread applications including advanced display and security, bioimaging and biotherapy, and sensors. The traditional chemical methods, engineering of composition, concentration, size, morphology, and surface defects, can easily tune the excitation, energy transfer and emission processes and have been frequently used. Despite the powerful ability to control luminescence intensity and selectivity, these chemical approaches suffer from cumbersome synthesis processes and are usually time consuming and irreversible. Recently, there have been numerous examples of physical approaches realizing in situ, real time, and reversible luminescence manipulation for certain materials under a given excitation. Herein, the existing physical strategies comprising temperature, magnetic field, electric field, and mechanical stress are summarized. For each approach, the action mechanism, material design, applications, as well as current challenges are discussed, and possible development directions and broadening of the potential application areas are considered.     

碲掺杂钙-铝-锗酸盐玻璃宽带近红外发光及其调控机理

可调宽带近红外发光材料作为红外光源和可调谐光纤激光器核心组件,在高容量光纤通信、成像和遥感等现代技术中发挥着至关重要的作用.本文研究了碲掺杂钙-铝-锗酸盐玻璃的宽带近红外发光性能调控方案及其机理.通过引入碳构建还原气氛,还原TeO2原料为碲原子;再优化CaO、Al2 O3含量,调整碲掺杂钙-铝-锗酸盐玻璃中碲拓扑笼的结...     

Propagation based X-ray phase-contrast imaging technique for the microstructure analysis of biological soft tissues

X-ray phase-contrast imaging (PCI) technique is an emerging method for the study of the biological soft tissues, carbon composite materials, polymers, low-Z material science, etc. We have set up an experimental facility using a combination of X-ray CCD detector and a microfocus X-ray source. We demonstrate that sufficient contrast and intensity can be achieved for biological soft tissues with the X-ray source in the standard operation mode. Based on the cylindrical fiber and pigeon feathers imaging experiments, the boundary information was observed successfully in the light element materials and extremely low absorption material. This shows that X-ray phase-contrast imaging in this area will have a brilliant future.     

Synthesis and properties of new nitrogen-doped nanostructured carbon materials obtained by templating of mesoporous silicas with aminosugars

The negative templating synthesis process has been applied to prepare nanostructured carbon materials with a high nitrogen content. SBA-15 silica template was impregnated with the following carbon precursors: sucrose, glucose and amino-glucose. The structure of the materials was investigated by SAXS, WAXS and TEM. Nitrogen functions were analyzed by XPS and the textural parameters of the carbons were studied by nitrogen and CO₂ adsorption. X-ray and TEM studies confirmed that a pore nanostructure is inherited from the silica templates. XPS analysis showed that the nitrogen content of the materials can be controlled between 2 and 5 wt% and that N atoms are strongly bonded in the carbon structure in heterocycles or nitrile functions. An important result is that these nanostructured carbon materials exhibits interesting textural properties with BET surface areas ranging between 1000 and . Moreover, the study of the influence of nitrogen on the textural and structural parameters of the resulting carbon materials shows that nitrogen plays an active role during the synthesis process. This observation is also supported by the speciation of nitrogen in the nanostructured carbon materials.