PbSe/TiO2同轴异质结纳米管的制备及光催化性能

通过溶液法合成了PbSe/TiO2复合纳米管,并对其进行了微观形貌、晶体结构等的表征。结果表明,制得的样品是由PbSe和TiO2两种材料构成的复合材料,致密、均匀的TiO2薄膜包覆在PbSe纳米管表面。以氙灯为模拟光源,通过对甲基橙的降解研究了PbSe/TiO2复合纳米管的光催化性能。结果显示,PbSe与TiO2之间形成的异质结使PbSe/TiO2复合纳米管具有较高的光催化性能,比纯PbSe纳米管的催化降解率提高了约4.5倍。另外,对PbSe/TiO2复合纳米管光催化稳定性也进行了研究。     

N-F共掺杂锐钛矿二氧化钛(101)面纳米管的第一性原理研究

共掺杂是提高二氧化钛纳米管可见光催化性能的一种有效方式. 采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法, 研究了N单掺杂、F单掺杂及N-F共掺杂二氧化钛纳米管的原子结构、电子性质和光学性质. 计算结果表明, 相比N单掺杂和F单掺杂, N-F共掺杂二氧化钛纳米管的形成能更低, 掺杂后的体系热力学稳定性更好. 此外, 相比未掺杂时的带隙, N-F共掺杂后体系的带隙变化最多, 减少了0.557 eV, 而这主要源于价带顶附近的杂质能级的贡献. 此外, 通过分析掺杂后的光催化活性发现, N-F共掺杂时纳米管的还原性和氧化性都有所降低, 但并没有丧失活性, 并且光吸收谱表明, 共掺杂体系的红移现象最为明显. 因此, N-F共掺杂可有效提高二氧化钛纳米管可见光的光催化性能.     

基于可调控多肽纳米管和石墨烯复合纳米结构的光吸收催化平台

近年来, 自组装纳米结构因为其容易制备、稳定、环保以及与各种功能基团、粒子等的多样结合能力吸引了科学家们的目光, 成为人们研究的热点课题, 在光电池、光催化、水凝胶、药物缓释等方面的实验科学领域得到了广泛的应用. 尤其是光催化方面, 自组装结构的重复性为激子的传递创造了比较良好的条件, 成为众多激子传递平台中的佼佼者. 本文报道了一种以苯丙氨酸二肽纳米管和羧基石墨烯为基础的自组装光吸收催化平台, 对其结构进行研究, 并使用该体系进行了烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸到它的还原态的催化实验. 该体系的微观结构由纳米管和石墨烯膜复合而成, 羧基石墨烯的存在能够降低纳米管直径, 实现纳米管的形态操控, 石墨烯与多肽纳米管复合纳米结构的存在实现了多通道协同激子传递, 降低了激子传递的距离, 极大增强了催化中心对于激子的接受和使用效率. 在复合了光敏剂和催化中心之后, 该体系具有较高的稳定性, 均一的分散性, 很强的光能吸收和转化能力等性质. 对于从NADP⁺往NADPH转变的催化实验表明, 该体系有较高的反应速率和催化效率, 并且比两种单一结构催化平台效果之和更好, 实现了一加一大于二的效应, 展现了复合纳米结构光吸收催化平台的巨大潜力和广阔应用前景.     

阳极氧化制备TiO_2纳米管及总磷的光电催化消解（英文）北大核心CSCD

总磷是检测水体富营养化的重要指标,因此研究其消解具有重要的意义。总磷的消解方法有很多,例如传统的高温消解、微波消解、紫外消解、电催化消解、光催化消解等,但是既高效又简易洁净的消解方法仍在不断的研究中。研究了一种基于光电催化的总磷的消解方法,通过在二氧化钛工作电极和对电极之间外加适当的电压来减少电子-空穴对的复合。介绍了用于总磷的光电催化消解中的光催化剂的二氧化钛纳米管的阳极氧化法制备、特性表征及其用于总磷的光电催化消解。阳极氧化法制备的二氧化钛纳米管具有较好的催化活性。将其用于总磷的光电催化消解实验,当2V电压协助光催化消解2h后,消解率达到65.4%,较光催化高了20.7%,较电催化高了61.3%。实验结果表明,与光催化消解、电催化消解方法相比,通过在工作电极和对电极之间添加适当的外加电压的光电催化消解方法可以有效地提高总磷的消解率。     

阳极氧化制备TiO2纳米管及总磷的光电催化消解（英文）

总磷是检测水体富营养化的重要指标,因此研究其消解具有重要的意义。总磷的消解方法有很多,例如传统的高温消解、微波消解、紫外消解、电催化消解、光催化消解等,但是既高效又简易洁净的消解方法仍在不断的研究中。研究了一种基于光电催化的总磷的消解方法,通过在二氧化钛工作电极和对电极之间外加适当的电压来减少电子-空穴对的复合。介绍了用于总磷的光电催化消解中的光催化剂的二氧化钛纳米管的阳极氧化法制备、特性表征及其用于总磷的光电催化消解。阳极氧化法制备的二氧化钛纳米管具有较好的催化活性。将其用于总磷的光电催化消解实验,当2V电压协助光催化消解2h后,消解率达到65.4%,较光催化高了20.7%,较电催化高了61.3%。实验结果表明,与光催化消解、电催化消解方法相比,通过在工作电极和对电极之间添加适当的外加电压的光电催化消解方法可以有效地提高总磷的消解率。     

阳极氧化制备TiO_2纳米管及总磷的光电催化消解（英文）

总磷是检测水体富营养化的重要指标,因此研究其消解具有重要的意义。总磷的消解方法有很多,例如传统的高温消解、微波消解、紫外消解、电催化消解、光催化消解等,但是既高效又简易洁净的消解方法仍在不断的研究中。研究了一种基于光电催化的总磷的消解方法,通过在二氧化钛工作电极和对电极之间外加适当的电压来减少电子-空穴对的复合。介绍了用于总磷的光电催化消解中的光催化剂的二氧化钛纳米管的阳极氧化法制备、特性表征及其用于总磷的光电催化消解。阳极氧化法制备的二氧化钛纳米管具有较好的催化活性。将其用于总磷的光电催化消解实验,当2V电压协助光催化消解2h后,消解率达到65.4%,较光催化高了20.7%,较电催化高了61.3%。实验结果表明,与光催化消解、电催化消解方法相比,通过在工作电极和对电极之间添加适当的外加电压的光电催化消解方法可以有效地提高总磷的消解率。     

AgNbO_3/石墨烯复合材料的合成及其可见光催化甲基橙降解活性（英文）

采用固相法合成AgNbO_3/石墨烯复合纳米材料,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)及紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)对样品的形貌及光学性质进行了表征。研究发现,AgNbO_3与石墨烯复合后,带隙能明显降低,吸收光波长范围增大。以甲基橙溶液的降解为光催化模型反应评价了AgNbO_3/石墨烯复合纳米材料的可见光催化性能。结果表明:与纯AgNbO_3相比,AgNbO_3/石墨烯复合纳米材料对甲基橙的可见光催化性能明显增强。实验条件下,经300℃煅烧的AgNbO_3/石墨烯(2∶1)复合纳米材料表现出最优的催化性能,它对甲基橙的可见光催化脱色速率系数约为纯AgNbO_3的10倍。光催化降解机理研究表明,促使甲基橙降解脱色的主要活性物种为·O_2~-和h+。     

基于一维TiO_2纳米管阵列薄膜的β伏特效应研究

介绍了一种采用宽禁带半导体二氧化钛纳米管阵列薄膜材料制备β伏特效应同位素电池的方法.通过对金属钛片的电化学阳极氧化制备了垂直定向、有序排列的二氧化钛纳米管阵列薄膜,研究了退火条件对二氧化钛纳米管阵列薄膜半导体光电性能的影响.通过与镍-63辐射源的集成封装,形成三明治结构镍-63/二氧化钛纳米管阵列薄膜/钛片的β伏特同位素电池.实验结果表明,基于氩气氛围下450?C退火的黑色二氧化钛纳米管阵列薄膜具有高的氧空位缺陷浓度和宽的可见-紫外吸收光谱.在使用β辐射总能量为10 m Ci的镍-63辐射源时,同位素电池的开路电压为1.02 V,短路电流75.52 n A,最大有效转换效率为22.48%.     

TiO_2/石墨烯/Ag复合结构SERS实验

基于氧化物半导体的光催化特性,能够降解有机物分子,使表面增强拉曼散射基底得以重复使用。提出了银纳米颗粒有效修饰覆盖有石墨烯的二氧化钛纳米棒阵列(TiO_2/石墨烯/Ag)复合结构作为表面增强拉曼散射基底,并对其进行了实验研究。利用水热法制备了二氧化钛纳米棒阵列;采用湿法转移石墨烯和光照还原方法制备了TiO_2/石墨烯/Ag复合结构。用罗丹明6G(R6G)分子作为探测分子,结果表明:随着紫外光照沉积时间增加,探针分子的拉曼信号先增强后减弱;计算得到最大增强因子值约为2.6×106。此外,还对TiO_2/石墨烯/Ag复合结构的紫外自清洁特性进行了初步实验,结果表明,紫外光照射20min后,其拉曼强度下降到42.3%,具有一定的紫外清洁效果。     

AgNbO3/石墨烯复合材料的合成及其可见光催化甲基橙降解活性

采用固相法合成AgNbO₃/石墨烯复合纳米材料,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)及紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)对样品的形貌及光学性质进行了表征。研究发现,AgNbO₃与石墨烯复合后,带隙能明显降低,吸收光波长范围增大。以甲基橙溶液的降解为光催化模型反应评价了AgNbO₃/石墨烯复合纳米材料的可见光催化性能。结果表明:与纯AgNbO₃相比,AgNbO₃/石墨烯复合纳米材料对甲基橙的可见光催化性能明显增强。实验条件下,经300 ℃煅烧的AgNbO₃/石墨烯(2:1)复合纳米材料表现出最优的催化性能,它对甲基橙的可见光催化脱色速率系数约为纯AgNbO₃的10倍。光催化降解机理研究表明,促使甲基橙降解脱色的主要活性物种为·O₂^- 和 h⁺。     

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Nanosized Powder of Zn-Doped Titanium Dioxide

Nanosized powder materials made Zn-doped titanium dioxide with concentration of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mol % Zn²⁺ have been synthesized from aqueous solutions of inorganic compounds of titanium modified with zinc(II) ions. The materials obtained have been studied by electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and powder X-ray diffraction. It has been found that if zinc ions introduced in titanium dioxide the stabilization of anatase modification takes place retaining size and morphology of particles. The materials synthesized have shown photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. The highest photocatalytic activity has been found for material containing 0.1 mol % Zn²⁺ and calcined at 600°С.     

Titanium Dioxide/Carbon Fabric Prepared by a Controlled Pyrolysis Method

Titanium dioxide/carbon fabrics were prepared through pyrolysis of cellulosic fabrics in the presence of titanium ions. The influence of sintering temperature on the characteristics of the TiO₂/carbon fabrics was investigated. The properties of the samples were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The photocatalytic efficiency was evaluated by degradation of methylene blue (MB) solution. The results showed that the sample sintered at 300°C exhibits high photocatalytic efficiency.     

Photoactive materials prepared by homogeneous hydrolysis with thioacetamide: Part 2—TiO2/ZnO nanocomposites

Photocatalytic active titanium dioxide (TiO₂)/zinc oxide (ZnO) composite was prepared by homogeneous hydrolysis of a mixture of titanium oxo-sulphate and zinc sulphate in aqueous solutions with thioacetamide and subsequent annealing at the temperature of 600 °C. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission microscopy (HRTEM). Nitrogen adsorption-desorption was used for surface area (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller—BET) and porosity determination. The photoactivity of the prepared TiO₂/ZnO samples was assessed by the photocatalytic decomposition of Orange II dye in an aqueous slurry under irradiation of 254 and 365 nm wavelengths. Under the same conditions, the photocatalytic activity of a commercially available photocatalyst (Degussa P25), the pure anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles and cubic ZnO were examined.     

Low temperature deposition and characterization of TiO2 photocatalytic film through cold spray

Cold spray was employed as a novel low temperature approach to deposit titanium dioxide (TiO₂) photocatalytic film. The film microstructure was characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic performance was examined through acetaldehyde degradation under ultraviolet illumination. Results showed that TiO₂ film was successfully deposited on substrate surface through cold spray. The film thickness reached up to 15 μm. The film presented a rough surface and porous structure. Owing to the low temperature of spray powder, no phase and particle size changes occurred to TiO₂ during deposition. It was found that the cold-sprayed TiO₂ film was active for photodegradation of acetaldehyde.     

Preparation and performance of photocatalytic TiO2 immobilized on palladium-doped carbon fibers

Pd-modified carbon fibers (CFs) are obtained by a facile oxidation-reduction method and then dip-coated in a sol-gel of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) to form supported TiO₂/Pd-CF photocatalysts. The morphology of the Pd-modified CFs and the amount Pd deposited are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. X-ray diffraction is used to investigate the crystal structures of the TiO₂ photocatalyst. Acid orange II is used as a model contaminant to evaluate the photocatalytic properties of the photocatalyst under UV irradiation. TiO₂/Pd-CF exhibits higher catalytic activity than TiO₂/CF towards the degradation of acid orange II. Optimum photocatalytic performance and support properties are achieved when the Pd particle loading is about 10.8 mg/g.     

纳米二氧化钛介孔微球光催化降解水中BPA的机理

描述了两种不同三维二氧化钛介孔球对水悬浮液中BPA的光降解效果,结果发现紫外线照射下两种三维二氧化钛介孔球的光催化效果要优于P25型二氧化钛,且微球孔隙越小,对BPA的降解效果越好;运用HPLC-MS以及HPLC-MS-MS联用技术对降解中间产物进行定性分析,并且对BPA光催化降解机理进行分析。发现在光催化降解过程中形成5种主要的中间产物并对它们的演变过程进行了讨论。根据分析测定得到的降解中间产物,提出了一个关于两种二氧化钛介孔球光催化剂对BPA降解的详细路径。     

Studies on the Preparation of Magnetic Photocatalysts

A crystalline titanium dioxide coating was deposited onto silica insulated magnetite particles to prepare a stable magnetic photocatalyst. The direct deposition of crystalline titanium dioxide was conducted by aging dispersions of insulated magnetite particles in a titanium sol–gel precursor mixture at 60–90°C. The coating process was found to be influenced by pH, alkoxide precursor concentration, aging time and reaction temperature. A mechanism for the formation of the titanium dioxide coating has been proposed. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared particles was found to be related to the preparation conditions.     

Fabrication of Gold-Doped Titanium Dioxide (Tio2:Au) Nanofibers Photocatalyst by Vacuum Ion Sputter Coating

Gold-doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂:Au) nanofibers were prepared by a combination of an electrospinning method and sputtering technology and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the morphologies of Au-deposited TiO₂ nanofibers can be well controlled by the sputtering time. The photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde on TiO₂:Au nanofibers was investigated at room temperature. The photocatalytic effect of the TiO₂ nanofiber was improved by using the Au-doped titania nanofibers catalyst and increased as the Au depositing time was increased from 40 s to 3 min. The photocatalytic removal rate of acetaldehyde remained above 94% on the TiO₂:Au nanofibers (2 min) catalyst under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for 70 min, 1.7 times that of pure TiO₂ fibers.     

Low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of highly photoactive mesoporous spherical TiO2 nanocrystalline

TiO₂ microspheres with mesoporous textural microstructures and high photocatalytic activity were prepared by hydrothermal treatment of mixed solution of titanium sulfate and urea with designed time. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and N₂ adsorption-desorption measurements. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated via the photocatalytic oxidation of acetone in air at room temperature. The results show that the hydrothermal time significantly influences on the morphology, microstructure and photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples. With increasing hydrothermal time, specific surface areas and pore volumes decrease, contrarily, the crystallite size and relative anatase crystallinity increase. The photocatalytic efficiency of the as-prepared samples is obviously higher than that of commercial Degussa P25 (P25) powders. Especially, the as-prepared TiO₂ powders by hydrothermal treatment for 7 h shows the highest photocatalytic activity, which exceeds that of P25 by a factor of more than 2 times.     

Investigation of photocatalytic reaction for thetitanium dioxide-phosphor composite

The present study examined the photocatalytic reaction of titanium dioxide (TiO₂)-coated, phosphor composite particles. Nanocrystalline TiO₂ layers were directly coated on the alkaline earth aluminate phosphor (CaAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺,Nd³⁺) particles by a sol-gel processing method and their photocatalytic reaction was analyzed according to the degradation of methylene blue aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. Compared with pure TiO₂, the TiO₂-coated phosphor powders showed a different photocatalytic mechanism and much faster photocatalytic reactivity under visible irradiation than that of pure TiO₂, which was almost negligible. The mechanism of the photocatalytic reactivity for the TiO₂-phosphor composite was discussed in terms of the energy band structure and phosphorescence. In addition, the TiO₂-coated phosphor powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.