200 W双谐振腔组合单向输出准连续绿光激光器

研究了最大平均输出功率达206 W的高功率准连续绿光激光器.利用ABCD定律及高斯光束在腔内的自再现条件,分析了激光晶体热透镜效应及热致双折射效应对谐振腔稳定性和输出光束质量的影响.实验中将两个型号相同的LD侧面泵浦激光模块分别置于一个平-凹V型谐振腔和一个平-凹直腔内,形成两束稳定运转的1 064 nm基频光,经过声光Q开关和倍频晶体后,产生两束倍频光,均到达平面折叠镜,最终由平面折叠镜单向重叠输出.当激光模块的泵浦电流为50 A,声光调Q的重复频率为22.4 kHz时,最大平均输出功率为206 W,最大单脉冲能量为9.2 mJ,脉冲宽度为201 ns,峰值功率为45.8 kW的532 nm绿光输出,倍频效率达到60.2%.激光器2 h工作的功率不稳定度优于2.5%.     

532 nm laser based on V-type doubly resonant intra-cavity frequency-doubling

LD side-pumped dual interconnected V-type quasi-continuous wave green laser has been demonstrated. The two Nd:YAG modules were placed in a plane-concave V-type resonator and a plane-concave straight cavity formed two stable operation beam of the 1064-nm fundamental frequency laser. Through acousto-optic Q-switched and frequency doubling crystal, two double-frequency laser beams arrived at the folded flat mirror, which were unidirectional output by the folded flat mirror at the end. As the pumped current was 50 A, the 532 nm green laser maximum average output power of 206 W at a repetition of 22.4 kHz was achieved with a pulse width of 201 ns and the largest single pulse energy of 9.2 mJ, corresponding to a peak power of 45.8 kW and a double frequency efficiency of 60.2%.     

High-power diode-pumped passively mode-locked Yb:YAG lasers

We obtained 74-kW peak power and 3.5-W average output power in 1-ps pulses from a diode-pumped Yb:YAG laser at 1030 nm that was passively mode locked with a semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror. Another laser produced 57-kW peak power and as much as 8.1-W average output power in 2.2-ps pulses, split into two nearly diffraction-limited beams (M(2)<1.2) . To our knowledge, these are by far the highest reported peak and average output powers from a diode-pumped mode-locked laser in this pulse-duration regime.     

基于光纤平移的窄线宽可调谐Er3+/Yb3+共掺光纤激光器

针对输出耦合镜旋转调谐时输出光束方向变化问题,设计了一种光纤位置平移、而调谐输出光束方向不变的光纤激光器系统。运用光栅方程,分析了光纤平移的调谐机理;采用输出与反馈光束耦合模型,分析了输出增益线宽随光纤位置、光束半径的变化。理论分析表明:该光纤激光器可获得线宽小于0.2 nm的调谐激光输出。实验结果表明,该激光器在波长为1543.446 nm处获得的调谐输出功率最大,达到470 mW,计算的斜率效率为23.9 %;整个调谐区域达到36 nm,调谐范围内激光的3 dB线宽小于0.08 nm。     

新型全固态激光器作用过程中的激光参数分析

对影响LD泵浦的Nd∶GdVO4,Nd∶YVO4和Nd∶YAG激光器输出特性的增益介质长度、腔内损耗、输出镜透过率、泵浦光和振荡光的光斑大小进行了分析和数值模拟。当腔内固有损耗为2%,输出镜透过率为10%时,Nd∶Gd-VO4,Nd∶YVO4和Nd∶YAG晶体的振荡阈值分别为1.77W、0.55W和3.34W。在25W泵浦功率下,利用1mm长的Nd∶GdVO4,Nd∶YVO4和Nd∶YAG晶体可分别得到13.17W,13.26W和8.43W的输出功率,相应的输出镜最佳透过率分别为24%,44%和16%。     

589-nm yellow laser generation by intra-cavity sum-frequency mixing in a T-shaped Nd:YAG laser cavity

To obtain high power 589-nm yellow laser, a T-shaped thermal-insensitive cavity is designed. The optimal power ratio of 1064- and 1319-nm beams is considered and the fundamental spot size distribution from the output mirror to the two laser rods are calculated and simulated, respectively. As a result, a 589-nm yellow laser with the average output power of 5.7 W is obtained in the experiment when the total pumping power is 695 W. The optical-to-optical conversion efficiency from the fundamental waves to the sum frequency generation is about 15.2% and the pulse width is 150 ns at the repetition rate of 18 kHz. The instability of the yellow laser is also measured, which is less than 2% within 3 h. The beam quality factors are Mx^2 = 4.96 and My^2 = 5.08.     

Stationary generation of diode-pumped self-Raman Nd:YVO<Subscript>4</Subscript>/YVO<Subscript>4</Subscript> composite crystal laser

Output power dependences of composite Nd³⁺:YVO₄ Raman laser stationary generation on the longitudinal diode pump power are measured at different transmissions of the output mirror at the Stokes radiation frequency. The deviation of the measured dependences from linear is explained by the influence of thermal effects on both the overlap of the beams and diffraction losses. A method to estimate the laser and Stokes losses in the cavity and the parameters characterizing the overlap of the laser radiation with the pump and Stokes beams is proposed. A Stokes-component of power 2.1 W is obtained and corresponds to 12% diode-to-Stokes efficiency.     

High-power twin-beam gyrotrons operating at the second gyrofrequency harmonic

The results of two experiments with a gyrotron operating at the second gyrofrequency harmonic, using two active electron beams, are reported. The internal (additional) beam is coupled weakly to the field by a spurious mode. The currents of the two beams can be controlled independently. The output characteristics of the gyrotons are plotted for various beam currents. The additional beam substantially enhances the operating mode stability and makes an appreciable contribution to the output power. The maximum output power was 0.87 MW at 25% efficiency, beam currents of 57 A and 13 A, and voltage 60 kV. The highest efficiency was 40%. The results suggest that electron-optical systems with two active beams, regardless of some complications of gun design, are promising for short-wave gyrotrons to operate at the fundamental cyclotron resonance. The specific power dissipation in the collector is observed to decrease (in comparison with a single-beam analog).Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 387–392, March, 1994.     

Diode-pumped high-efficiency passively Q-switched Yb:CaYAlO<Subscript>4</Subscript> laser

We experimentally demonstrated a high-efficiency passively Q-switched Yb:CaYAlO₄ (Yb:CYA) laser based on a semiconductor-saturable absorber mirror (SESAM), and the output characteristics of the laser including the average output power, repetition frequency, pulse duration, pulse energy and pulse peak power were investigated by adopting output mirrors with different transmittances. When the transmittance of the output mirror was 5% and the pump power was set at about 7.76 W, a maximum average output power of as high as 2.480 W was achieved with a slope efficiency and light-to-light efficiency of the Q-switched Yb:CYA laser of up to 37.1% and 31.2%, respectively.     

Initial operation of a higher-power quasi-optical gyrotron

Results from the initial operation of a high-power quasi-optical gyrotron based on the 90-kV, 50-A Varian VUW-8144 electron gun are reported. The output power and efficiency have been measured for a resonator mirror separation of 19.4 cm with a magnetic field of 4.95 T, corresponding to resonator output coupling of 1.9%, and for a resonator mirror separation of 21.4 cm with a magnetic field of 4.7 T, corresponding to a resonator output coupling of 3.1%. Operation was multimoded with 3-6 modes excited in the range of 125-130 GHz for the 4.95-T magnetic field. A peak efficiency of 15% at an output power of 161 kW was obtained for a gun voltage of 93 kV and a current of 12 A. A peak-output power of 364 kW at an efficiency of 10% was obtained at a voltage of 95.6 kV and 37.5 A     

轻微非共面腔的输出片应力作用研究

 建立了计算轻微非共面腔输出光椭圆度的数学模型,分析了R. H. Moore专利中的理论计算错误,计算分析了输出片的应力作用对输出光椭圆度的影响,发现：输出镜片的应力作用对环形激光器顺时针方向和逆时针方向输出光椭圆度的非对称有影响。通过实验验证了理论计算的正确性。得出R. H. Moore, S. W. Hammons等人在专利中提出的调腔方法存在错误,它不能有效地消除环形激光器中由腔体轻微异面所引起的磁效应。     

高功率毫米波圆波导半径微扰模式变换器的优化设计

从半径渐变波导的耦合波方程出发,利用龙格-库塔法进行优化数值迭代,得到在3 mm波段,TE03-TE02, TE02-TE01高效率模式变换器的设计参数。通过优化程序,设计出了6周期TE03-TE02和3周期TE02-TE01模式变换器优化尺寸。利用CST微波工作室电磁仿真软件对结构尺寸进行优化仿真,仿真结果与优化程序计算结果基本一致。以此数据设计中心频率94 GHz的TE03-TE02,TE02-TE01模式变换器功率转换效率可以达到98.5%以上,90%功率转换的绝对带宽分别达到3.5和7.0 GHz以上,优于设计要求。     

掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器的数值分析

 对掺Yb³⁺双包层光纤激光器不同参数情况下的输出功率和增益分布进行了数值模拟，分析了一端泵浦和双端泵浦方式下输出特性的差异，激光沿光纤长度方向的分布，输出功率与光纤长度、腔镜反射率及泵浦功率的关系。结果显示：两端泵浦较一端泵浦增益更加平坦，输出功率也稍高；当泵浦光波长为975nm时，输出激光功率对光纤长度更为敏感，最佳光纤长度相对于泵浦光波长为915nm时短且转化效率高；在大功率长光纤的情况下，光纤有损耗时输出功率随输出腔镜反射率的增加单调地减小，无损耗时输出功率不随输出腔镜反射率变化。     

Optimization of linear cavity design of Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser

The output characteristics of a linear cavity Yb-doped double-clad fiber (DCF) laser, including the effects of fiber length, fiber loss, and output mirror reflectivity on laser output power and threshold pump power have been studied theoretically and experimentally. In this paper, the linear cavity of double-clad fiber laser (DCFL) was composed of a pair of fiber Bragg gratings, while the facet of fiber was anti-reflection (AR) coated at 1070nm to erase the Fresnel reflection. Analysis showed that the laser output increases as the reflectivity of the fiber Bragg grating used as the output mirror decreases. At last, under the pump power of 14.4 W, single-mode laser output at 1070 nm was up to 10.8 W, with slope efficiency of 75 %.     

A simple method for automatic cavity alignment of a solid-state laser

Misalignment of a laser cavity would result in the displacement of beam location on the cavity mirrors. We present a simple method for automatic cavity alignment of a solid-state laser through detecting the location of the laser beam on the rear mirror, with which neither external alignment beams nor modifications to the cavity are required. The rear mirror of the laser cavity is replaced by a tip/tilt mirror to compensate for the misalignment. Experiments show that this method could effectively correct the misalignment of the laser cavity and restore the output power to almost the original value when the resonator is well aligned.     

双束回旋行波放大器的研究

提出了运用双束电子束增加回旋行波放大器带宽的新想法,建立了模型并对其做了理论分析和数值模拟.研究表明：该模型不仅可产生宽的输出带宽和高的输出功率,且与已有宽带模型相比,增益要高得多.当两束电子束的电流均为10A,电压分别为90和153kV,速率比分别为1.0和0.62,纵向动量散度分别为5.5%和1.2%时,器件输出的饱和带宽至少可达到22%,峰值功率和指数增益分别为395kW和62dB,效率为16%;如果在相互作用区的末段对引导磁场进行弱的锥化,可以得到约23%的常量驱动带宽,输出功率仍有280kW. 关键词：     

Low-threshold mid-IR MgO:PPLN optical parametric generation with high reflectivity mirror for signal wavelength

A low-threshold middle-infrared(mid-IR) MgO:PPLN optical parametric generation(OPG)pumped by a laser diode(LDl end-pumped Z-type Nd:YLF laser at 1047 nm is realized with high reflectivity(HR) mirror for signal.At repetition rate of 10 kHz,the OPG threshold of 50μJ has been achieved with HR mirror for signal.Compared with the threshold without mirror,the threshold decreases by 17%.Using HR mirror for pump at output side of crystal,the threshold of 40μJ is achieved.The 2.7-4.1μm continuous tunable output is produced with seven grating periods from 28.5 to 31.5μm and temperatures from 30 to 200℃.When the incident average pump power is 3 W.the OPG idler output power is 0.46 W at 3.26 μm,which corresponds to optical-to-optical conversion efficiency up to 15.3%.     

基于氧化石墨烯的瓦级调Q锁模Tm:LuAG激光器

在Tm:LuAG全固态激光器中实现了以氧化石墨烯可饱和吸收体为锁模启动元件的瓦级被动调Q锁模运转.本实验装置以可调谐掺钛蓝宝石激光器作为泵浦源,测得Tm:LuAG固态激光器出光阈值最低为325mW,当吸收抽运功率达到3420 mW时,进入稳定的调Q锁模运行状态.当抽运功率达到8.1 W时,对应的最大输出功率为1740 mW,中心波长为2023 nm,重复频率为104.2 MHz,最大单脉冲能量为16.7 nJ,调制深度接近100%.     

Recent developments in laser resonator design

The problems related to resonators suitable for generation of diffraction-limited beams of high power or energy, and a few of the most significant recent solutions, are reviewed. In particular, this paper is addressed to two promising resonator configurations developed mainly for Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminium garnet) lasers: dynamically stable resonators of minimum misalignment sensitivity for lasers with a strong thermal lensing in the active rod and unstable resonators with variable reflectivity output mirrors of super-Gaussian profile. For both cases experimental data and simple design guidelines are discussed.     

在热压缩态中测量相位算符的涨落

利用热场动力学的方法计算了热压缩态中测量相位算符的涨落，引入了两种类型的基础量子涨落，一种是与测量相位的两个正交分量相联系，另一种是与一个测量相位分量和光子数相联系。由此，研究了热压缩压中测量相位涨落的两种压缩及其与温度的关系。