A spherical cavity expansion model for penetration of ogival-nosed projectiles into concrete targets with shear-dilatancy

A dynamic spherical cavity-expansion penetration model is suggested herein to predict the penetration and perforation of concrete targets struck normally by ogivalnosed projectiles.Shear dilatancy as well as compressibility of the material in comminuted region are considered in the paper by introducing a dilatant-kinematic relation.A procedure is first presented to compute the radial stress at the cavity surface and then a numerical method is used to calculate the results of penetration and perforation with friction being taken into account.The influences of various target parameters such as shear strength,bulk modulus,density,Poisson’s ratio and tensile strength on the depth of penetration are delineated.It is shown that the model predictions are in good agreement with available experimental data.It is also shown that the shear strength plays a dominant role in the target resistance to penetration.     

弹体高速侵彻混凝土的效应实验

利用高速侵彻设备进行了不同条件下弹体高速侵彻混凝土系列实验,探讨了高速撞击条件下弹体 侵彻能力、弹体侵彻稳定性、弹体变形和破坏等问题,揭示了混凝土中半流体侵彻阶段的典型特征:刚体侵彻 深度上限和对应的刚体侵彻初速上限、弹道弯曲、弹体严重侵蚀且伴随弯曲/断裂等。     

反钢筋混凝土串联聚能装药技术研究

根据钢筋混凝土目标的特点,提出了一种高速杆流与低速杆流相结合的新型串联聚能装药结构。利用有限元软件分别对前级装药、后级装药的成型过程进行了数值仿真。在此基础上开展了系列串联聚能装药毁伤钢筋混凝土目标的静破甲实验。结果表明:该串联装药可有效提高对钢筋混凝土目标的毁伤能力,能起到对钢筋混凝土的扩孔作用。实验和数值仿真计算结果都表明该串联装药在对付钢筋混凝土、机场跑道、多层间隔靶等反硬目标串联型战斗部中有较好的应用前景。     

大锥角聚能装药射流形成及对多层靶侵彻的数值模拟研究

运用改进的网格线示踪点法MOCL(MarkOnCellLine)二维多流体欧拉程序 ,对大锥角聚能装药射流的形成及侵彻多层金属靶的全过程进行了数值模拟研究 ,计算结果与试验结果较吻合。这种连贯性的模拟能力避免了数值计算中对射流的许多人为假定。计算和试验结果表明 ,该聚能装药所形成的射流质量约占整个药型罩质量的 32 % ,兼有聚能射流和爆炸成型弹丸的特点 ,更适合于穿透多层大间隔金属靶。     

成型装药研究新进展

随着装甲技术以及灵巧弹药、多功能弹药和串联战斗部的发展,近期新型成型装药结构、技术及其应用研究活跃,取得了较好的进展。从射流装药、射弹装药、高速杆式弹丸装药3个方面就其新进展和新动向进行了调研、分析,并对成型装药发展趋势及潜在应用进行了评述。     

Real-time numerical calculation for penetration depth of projectiles into concrete targets

Based on the acceleration data measured by penetration experiments with ogive-nose projectiles into semi-infinite concrete targets, a fuzzy method which can calculate the real-time penetration depth was developed. In the proposed method, the whole process of penetration was divided into three stages according to the instantaneous velocity, and each stage was described by different models. By judging the calculation error, threshold velocities between stages were automatically determined. Meanwhile, the striking velocity of the penetration process was calculated using the acceleration in whole trajectory. The calculated values by model are in reasonably good agreement with the measured data from experiments.     

GPU-accelerated smoothed particle hydrodynamics modeling of jet formation and penetration capability of shaped charges

The prediction of the penetration of three-dimensional (3D) shaped charge into steel plates is a challenging task. In this paper, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is applied to simulate the jet formation generated by the shaped charge detonation and its damage to steel plates. The Jones–Wilkins–Lee (JWL) equation of state (EOS), Tillotson EOS, and elastic–perfectly plastic constitutive model were incorporated into SPH for the modeling of explosive detonation and dynamic behavior of metal material. The compute unified device architecture (CUDA) parallel programming interface has been employed in SPH to improve the computational efficiency of SPH. Firstly, the constitutive models and EOSs are validated by 3D TNT slab detonation and aluminum–aluminum (Al–Al) high velocity impact. Then the jet formation of the shaped charge detonation and its penetration into the steel plates are investigated using the graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated SPH methodology. The numerical results of these test cases are compared against the published experimental data or analytical result, which shows that the GPU-accelerated SPH methodology is capable of tackling the 3D shaped charge detonation and penetration involving millions of particles with high computational efficiency.     

小攻角条件下动能弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶的弹体弯曲

将高速侵彻混凝土靶板的弹体简化为自由梁,应用弹体侵彻阻力和梁动态弯曲内力分析了由小攻 角产生的横向载荷导致的弹体弯曲。结果表明,弹体理论弯曲条件受弹体着靶前状态、弹体结构和材料控制。 理论计算证实弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶板时由于小攻角的存在会发生弹体弯曲变形,弹体侵彻实验结果表明 弹体弯曲位置和弯曲条件与理论分析结果相符。     

大锥角药型罩聚能装药侵彻混凝土实验研究

采用脉冲X光照相及威力效应实验,对两种大锥角药型罩装药结构侵彻体的形成及它们对混凝土的侵彻能力进行了研究,获得了两种大锥角药型罩装药结构形成侵彻体的形状、头尾速度及它们对混凝土靶的侵彻参量,对比了半无限厚混凝土靶板及多层有限厚薄靶板对侵彻威力的影响。结果表明,在小炸高条件下,两种大锥角药型罩装药结构能够形成较理想的爆炸成型杆式侵彻体,在混凝土靶中形成孔深与孔径兼顾的孔道。     

混凝土薄板的侵彻破坏响应实验

通过实验研究了混凝土薄板的侵彻响应,讨论了混凝土侵彻问题研究的理论模型和数值模型应注 意的几个问题。实验研究中,采用应变片、加速度计和高速摄影测试和记录了侵彻过程中混凝土薄板的力学 响应过程。实验结果表明,边界不仅是应力波反射的主要影响因素,而且还是结构整体冲击响应和破坏的主 要因素。通过综合分析实验数据,建立了混凝土薄板侵彻分析的三阶段力学模型:侵彻初期必须计及应力波 的影响,随着侵彻的深入,应力波的作用逐渐减弱直至消失,碎块的惯性运动逐渐加强,后期主要是残块在惯 性作用下的运动。     

An experimental technique to measure projectile deceleration history during normal penetration into plain concrete

The present paper presents a new experimental method to measure the deceleration time history of projectiles penetrating into concrete in full-size test. The experiment can be carried out by using an onboard accelerometer to measure the projectile deceleration history and the data are transmitted to a ground recording system. With this experimental method, a series of tests on hemisphere-nose steel projectiles penetrating normally into plain concrete at the velocity region 150–400 m/s have been executed and the deceleration histories obtained. The high frequency portion in the deceleration data has been investigated and proved to be the structure response of projectile. The characteristics of deceleration history have also been analyzed and discussed.     

基于SPH方法的聚能射流侵彻混凝土靶板数值模拟

在完全变光滑长度SPH(smoothed particle hydrodynamics)方法的基础上,利用F.Ott等提出的修正SPH方法处理在求解多介质大密度问题时的数值不稳定性问题,运用Holmquist-Johnson-Cook本构模型处理混凝土在冲击载荷下的变形和损伤问题,对聚能装药射流侵彻混凝土靶板的过程进行了数值模拟,同时利用LS-DYNA非线性有限元程序进行对比,分析了2种方法得到的混凝土von Mises应力变化、射流头部特定节点处的速度变化及裂纹演变,验证了SPH方法的准确性。分析了另外2种不同尺寸的靶板在射流侵彻作用下的破坏形式,结果符合射流侵彻物理规律,表明该方法适合模拟聚爆炸与冲击等大变形破坏等问题。     

Meshfree particle simulation of the detonation process for high explosives in shaped charge unlined cavity configurations

The numerical simulation of the detonation of a high explosive (HE) is generally not an easy task for traditional grid based methods. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, as a meshfree, Lagrangian and particle method, provides a very attractive approach in dealing with large deformations and large inhomogeneities in the extremely transient high explosive detonation and later expansion process. This paper presents the application of SPH to simulate and analyze the detonation process of high explosive in shaped charge. A three-dimensional SPH code is developed and applied to simulate the shaped charge detonation process in different scenarios. It is observed that for high explosive in a shaped charge, the detonation produced gaseous products experience strong convergence that forms an extremely high-pressure gas jet. Factors such as different charge cavity shapes and different detonation models lead to quite different behavior of the gas jet convergence and later divergence. Further analyses reveal that a critical value for the charge head length exists. Beyond this critical value, increasing the charge head length will not result in improvement on the gas jet convergence performance.Received: 11 March 2002, Accepted: 9 December 2002, Published online: 28 April 2003     

基于双层药型罩成型装药的串联EFP

为了研究双层药型罩形成的串联EFP,设计了4种不同材料组合的双层药型罩,利用X光获得了串联EFP形成过程的照片,并开展了相应的数值模拟。发现具有合适结构和药型罩材料的双层药型罩可以形成串联聚能侵彻体,药型罩材料组合和起爆位置对串联聚能侵彻体的形成具有较大的影响。     

聚能射流形成数值模拟

基于网格自适应方法,ALE方法和SPH方法模拟了聚能射流形成过程.分析了射流头部速度随时间的变化关系,初始时刻位于药形罩不同位置的金属形成射流后的速度分布情况以及射流形成后沿射流方向射流整体速度分布情况.对比了三种方法用于模拟聚能射流形成问题的特点以及与实验的近似程度.数值模拟结果与射流形成过程与机理一致,可以体现射流形成特点,且SPH方法计算结果与实验数据最为接近.     

12.7 mm弹侵彻不同强度钢靶的数值模拟

针对12.7 mm弹侵彻不同强度钢靶时可能出现子弹保持完整或发生破碎的情况,过去的数值模拟仅限于模拟单一模式的子弹侵彻行为。为了克服这种数值模拟的局限性,开展了模型算法、网格尺寸对模拟结果影响的研究,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比,提出了一种能够用于模拟子弹保持完整或破碎的弹靶模型。研究结果表明,为模拟子弹保持完整状态,子弹和靶板应分别采用基于Lagrange算法的有限元法和光滑粒子算法,而且子弹网格尺寸和靶板粒子间距之比应至少保持在5.3左右,否则弹头会产生与实验结果不符合的异常变形。但是,在模拟子弹发生破碎侵蚀时,该比例的网格/粒子尺寸比会引起计算中止。为了克服该问题,进一步建立了一种弹体表面采用大尺寸网格、内部采用细化小尺寸网格的有限元/光滑粒子法耦合弹靶模型。计算结果表明,改进的弹靶模型可模拟子弹保持完整或者发生破碎的情况。

     

夹层聚能装药作用过程的数值模拟

基于凝聚炸药冲击起爆的Lee-Tarver模型,利用AUTODYN有限元计算软件对夹层聚能装药作用过程进行了数值模拟。分别对夹层聚能装药爆轰波形传播过程及其特性参数进行了数值计算,对典型聚能装药采用单一结构装药、夹层装药的射流成型过程进行了数值研究,最后对不同爆速炸药匹配关系的夹层聚能装药射流参数进行了计算分析。计算结果表明,相对于单一结构装药,夹层装药射流头部速度提高了20%,夹层聚能装药能有效提高聚能金属射流头部速度、提高侵彻深度、增加炸药装药的作功能力。     

卵形弹体侵彻混凝土开坑区侵彻阻力计算

为了研究弹体开坑过程中,弹头表面应力的表达形式,采用高速摄影仪记录弹体在开坑区的位移和时间关系,得到卵形弹体在开坑区的速度和侵深关系。采用最小二乘法对开坑区结束时消耗的弹体动能和侵深关系进行分析,提出开坑过程中弹头表面的应力形式。计算结果表明,该应力形式能较好地描述高速条件下开坑区的侵深和速度关系。     

约束及增韧对氧化铝陶瓷抗射流侵彻性能的影响

基于DOP实验方法开展了2种约束氧化铝陶瓷抗射流侵彻性能系列实验研究,分别获取了AD95陶瓷及10%氧化锆增韧陶瓷抗射流侵彻过程的侵彻深度-时间（P-t）曲线及他们在验证靶上的剩余穿深,并与45钢的抗侵彻数据进行了对比。结果表明:2种陶瓷抗射流侵彻的防护因数均大于1;约束陶瓷抗射流侵彻能力得到了较大提高;增韧陶瓷抗射流侵彻能力优于AD95陶瓷。基于实验结果分析了约束陶瓷抗射流侵彻的机理,提出约束边界反射产生的回爆对射流稳定性的干扰是约束陶瓷抗射流侵彻能力提高的主要原因。     

截卵形弹头对混凝土靶侵彻性能的试验研究

介绍了截卵形弹头钻地弹对混凝土靶的侵彻试验研究结果。根据缩比钻地弹侵彻过程的高速录像和试验结果对弹丸运动状态进行了分析,得出了截卵形弹头钻地弹侵彻混凝土靶的速度变化曲线和阻力变化曲线;利用缩比理论,给出了标准钻地弹对混凝土靶侵彻性能的计算方法和分析结果。