Correlation of Two Coupled Particles in Viscoelastic Medium

Considering the viscoelastic memory effect, we study the correlated motion of two hydrodynamically coupled colloidal particles, each of which confined in a harmonic potential well, in a Kelvin-type and Maxwell-type viscoelastic medium. We find that viscoelastic relaxation plays a significant role in modifying the correlation, particularly the cross correlation. We also find that both the real and imaginary parts of the response function are significantly different from the viscous medium case. In particular there is a phase shift between the vanishing imaginary part and the maximal real part of the response function in a viscoelastic medium. In addition imaginary part of the cross correlation response function exhibits a net energy loss (gain) behavior when the elasticity parameter of the medium is larger (smaller) than the critical value for Kelvin (Maxwell) viscoelastic fluid. Some implication of our results and their connection with previous works are discussed.     

Analytic solutions of the susceptibility for Doppler-broadened two-level atoms

We derive the rigorous analytic solutions for the susceptibility of Doppler-broadened two-level atoms, valid for arbitrary laser intensities. As is usually the case with real atoms, we observe that, when the homogeneous linewidth is much narrower than the Doppler width, the real part of the susceptibility is given by the product of an imaginary error function and a Gaussian, whereas the imaginary part consists simply of a Gaussian function. By employing the analytic results, in particular, we study the effects of optical pumping and saturation on the atomic susceptibility. We also find that the real (imaginary) part of the susceptibility is weakly (strongly) dependent on such parameters as the laser intensity or the optical pumping rate. The availability of analytic solutions for the simple laser-atom interaction may provide convenient tools for its understanding as well as application to more general and realistic situations.     

Complex resonance and complex-frequency spectroscopy

The response of a medium to radiation with a complex frequency corresponding to an exponential time decrease in the radiation amplitude has been analyzed. The effect of complex resonance has been demonstrated when the real and imaginary parts of the complex radiation frequency approach the real and imaginary parts of the complex frequency of damping natural oscillations of medium oscillators. In resonance itself, the absolute value of the refractive index is divergent and radiation is completely reflected from the medium boundary. It has been shown that scanning of not only the real part, but also the imaginary part of the probe radiation frequency expands the capabilities of spectroscopy and makes it possible to, e.g., distinguish resonances even with coinciding (real) frequencies and close (of the same order of magnitude) widths.     

Diffractive upsilon photo-production off the proton in the QCD inspired model

Based on the generalized vector meson dominance model in QCD, we study the photoproduction of vector meson Υ off the proton by use of the QCD-inspired model in which the contributions from quark–quark, gluon–gluon and quark–gluon interference term to observable are taken into consideration. Calculations are performed for total cross section σ_tot, differential cross section dσ/dt, ratio of the real part to imaginary part of forward scattering amplitude ρ and nuclear slop parameter function β. We analyze the individual contributions from quark gluon degrees of freedom and the QCD Odderon to the total cross section σ_tot (s), differential cross section dσ/dt, ratio of the real part to imaginary part of the forward scattering amplitude ρ, and nuclear slop parameter function β. The mediators of interactions between projectiles (the quark and antiquark pair fluctuated from the real photon) and the proton target (three quark system) are the tensor Glueball and Odderon instead of using the usual Pomeron exchange. The theoretical predictions for σ_tot(s) are consistent with the experimental data within error bars of the data. The data for dσ/dt, β and ρ are urgently needed. The gluon–gluon interaction makes a significant contribution to the observables while the Odderon contribution is negligibly small. Therefore, we may conclude that it is impossible to find the QCD Odderon in the γ+p→Υ+p process as suggested before.     

实虚部关联的量子噪声和泵噪声对单模激光动力学性质的影响

采用具有实虚部关联的量子噪声和泵噪声驱动的单模激光损失模型，用线性化近似方法研究了反映激光动力学性质的光强关联函数，讨论了光强关联函数随时间的演化；并对线性化近似方法的适用范围进行了详细分析，分别讨论了量子噪声强度、泵噪声强度、量子噪声实虚部关联系数对光强相对涨落的影响，得出在小噪声、远离阈值时，线性化近似方法适用范围扩大；小噪声、远离阈值且当量子噪声实虚部无关联时，线性化近似方法适用范围最大的结论. 关键词： 单模激光 光强关联函数 光强相对涨落     

相干平行板电容器对外场的动态响应

基于介观体系动态响应的自洽理论,讨论了介观相干平行板电容器的电容.结果表明相干电容器的电容对外场频率有很强的依赖关系,并且是随频率变化的复变函数.该电容随频率的变化关系呈现出一个非常有意义的特性,即电容虚部曲线有一个较尖锐的峰,它正好与电容实部的极小位置相对应,而进一步研究发现它们与该电容体系中的类等离子体激发相联系.另外,也讨论了介观电容的尺寸效应,发现当极板间距很大时,电容值和宏观的几何电容结果趋于一致.     

Steady-State Analysis of a Two-Mode Laser System with Cross-Correlation Between Real and Imaginary Parts of Quantum Noise

An inhomogeneously broadened two-mode laser system with cross-correlations between the real and imag- inary parts of quantum noise is considered. The Fokker-Planek equation of the system is derived by the phase-locking method. The steady-state probability distribution, the mean light intensity, the normalization autocorrelation function, and cross correlation function are calculated. The results indicate that： （i） The cross-correlation between the real and imaginary parts of quantum noise can cause the stationary probability distribution from one peak structure to two extrema structure when the laser system is operated above threshold; （ii） The cross-correlation between the real and imaginary parts of quantum noise enhance the light intensity fluctuation and decrease the laser output when the laser system is operated below or near threshold; （iii） The effect of the cross-correlation between the real and imaginary parts of quantum noise is very weak on the stationary properties when the laser system is operated far above threshold.     

First measurements of the index of refraction of gases for lithium atomic waves

We report the first measurements of the index of refraction of gases for lithium waves. Using an atom interferometer, we have measured the real and imaginary parts of the index of refraction n for argon, krypton, and xenon as a function of the gas density for several velocities of the lithium beam. The linear dependence of (n-1) with the gas density is well verified. The total collision cross section deduced from the imaginary part of (n-1) is in very good agreement with traditional measurements of this quantity. Finally, the real and imaginary parts of (n-1) and their ratio rho exhibit glory oscillations, in good agreement with calculations.     

Quarkonium spectral functions with complex potential

We study quarkonium spectral functions at high temperatures using a potential model with complex potential. The real part of the potential is constrained by the lattice QCD data on static quark anti-quark correlation functions, while the imaginary part of the potential is taken from perturbative calculations. We find that the imaginary part of the potential has significant effect on quarkonium spectral functions, in particular, it leads to the dissolution of the 1S charmonium and excited bottomonium states at temperatures about 250 MeV and melting of the ground state bottomonium at temperatures slightly above 450 MeV.     

单模激光系统输入信号后的稳态平均光强相对涨落

研究了具有实虚部间关联的量子噪声和抽运噪声驱动的单模激光系统输入信号后的统计性质,采用线性化近似方法计算了系统的稳态平均光强相对涨落,分析了量子噪声实虚部间关联系数、量子噪声强度、抽运噪声强度、输入信号振幅和频率、净增益等对稳态平均光强相对涨落的影响,发现在量子噪声实虚部间弱关联、小噪声、远离阚值、信号振幅不大和频率较高的条件下激光场的统计涨落较小。     

Dynamics of two-dimensional composites of elastic and viscoelastic layers

Models of frequency response, acoustic transmission, and transient wave propagation are presented for a two-dimensional composite of elastic and viscoelastic layers, simply supported at the two boundaries. The three models adopt transfer matrices to relate state variables over the two faces of a layer. In the frequency domain, a viscoelastic constitutive law is derived by nonlinear fitting a Padé series to measured data of complex shear modulus. For an elastic material, the eigenproblem admits positive real eigenvalues and their negatives. For a viscoelastic material, it admits positive complex eigenvalues and their negative conjugates. The imaginary part of the eigenvalue acts as a velocity-dependent viscous damper. Modal analysis solving transient response utilizes the complex eigenquantities and the static-dynamic superposition method.     

Dynamical effects of electron-hole correlation and giant quantum attenuation of ultrasound in semimetals

The giant quantum attenuation of ultrasound in bismuth and other semimetals is noticeably enhanced when certain pair of Landau subbands of electrons and holes participate simultaneously in an attenuation peak. A theoretical analysis is presented which emphasizes importance of dynamical effects of the electron-hole correlation. In the temperature range between 1 K and 4 K covered by most experiments, the correlation effect is found to be weak on the real part of the relevant response function which gives changes in sound velocity. This implies that equilibrium properties of the system are not much influenced by the correlation effect. Nonetheless, the electron-hole correlation is shown to have a drastic consequence on the imaginary part of the response function probed by the ultrasonic attenuation. Proposal for experiment is advanced to discriminate relative importance of this exciton-like correlation from that of republsive correlation between carriers with the same charge.     

The nucleon optical potential

We use the impulse approximation, the Tabakin internucleon potential and a Fermi gas model for the nucleus to calculate the low energy nucleon-nucleus optical potential. The real and imaginary parts are calculated simultaneously but it is found to be an extremely good approximation to calculate them separately as is usually done. The main features of the real part of the isospin independent potential are reproduced by our calculation. We also estimate the size and shape of the asymmetry term in the real part of the potential. The size is in agreement with empirical analyses and the predicted shape may be useful as a guide when fitting data. Our calculations for the imaginary part are much less satisfactory. In particular we cannot reproduce the large surface peaking of the empirical potentials perhaps reflecting our neglect of collective states. We find that the observed difference between the imaginary parts for protons and neutrons cannot be explained as a consequence of a reasonable difference between the proton and neutron distributions in nuclei.     

On the dielectric response function and dispersion relation in strongly coupled magnetized dusty plasmas

Using the generalized viscoelastic fluid model, we derive the dielectric response function in a strongly coupled dusty magnetoplasma which reveals two different dust acoustic(DA) wave modes in the hydrodynamic and kinetic limits. The effects of the strong interaction of dust grains and the external magnetic on these DA modes, as well as on the shear wave are examined. It is found that both the real and imaginary parts of DA waves are significantly modified in strongly coupled dusty magnetoplasmas. The implications of our results to space and laboratory dusty plasmas are briefly discussed.     

Complex microscopic optical potential between two nuclei based on Dirac-Brueckner theory for nuclear matter

The real and imaginary parts of the optical-model potential between two nuclei are calculated in the energy density formalism. The energy density is derived from the Dirac-Brueckner approach to nuclear matter. In this approach, both free NN scattering and the saturation properties of nuclear matter can be explained starting from a realistic NN interaction. The relativistic features incorporated in the Dirac-Brueckner approach make the real part of the optical potential less attractive than that obtained in a non-relativistic calculation while the imaginary part is enhanced. The comparison of the calculated differential cross section for elastic ¹²C-¹²C scattering with the experimental data suggests that the enhancement of the imaginary part due to the relativistic treatment is favourable while its repulsive contribution to the real part is unfavourable.     

利用T-matrix计算非球形粒子散射特性的研究

本文用T-matrix方法计算了非球形气溶胶粒子的光学特性,得到了气溶胶粒子的消光截面、散射截面、吸收截面与气溶胶粒子形状的关系,不同形状气溶胶粒子的有着相同的散射相函数和不同的偏振度,非球形气溶胶粒子的散射相函数对其复折射指数的实部和虚部都不太敏感,而偏振相函数对其实部和虚部都比较敏感.此结论为研究大气辐射传输提供了较好的方法,尤其是偏振度与偏振相函数的提出为用偏振的方法进一步的反演气溶胶的光学参数提供了理论基础.     

Theoretical Studies on Photoionization Cross Sections of Solid Gold

Accurate expression for photoabsorption (photoionization) cross sections of high density system proposed recently is used to study the photoionization of solid gold. The results show that the present theoretical photoionization cross sections have good agreement both in structure and in magnitude with the experimental results of gold crystal. The studies also indicate that both the real part ε' and the imaginary part ε" of the complex dielectric constant ε, and the dielectric influence function of a nonideal system have rich structures in low energy side with a range about 50 eV, and suggest that the influence of particle interactions of surrounding particles with the photoionized particle on the photoionization cross sections can be easily investigated using the dielectric influence function. The electron overlap effects are suggested to be implemented in the future studies to improve the accuracy of theoretical photoionization cross sections of a solid system.     

Stochastic resonance in a gain--noise model of a single-mode laser driven by pump noise and quantum noise with cross-correlation between real and imaginary parts under direct signal modulation

Stochastic resonance (SR) is studied in a gain--noise model of a single-mode laser driven by a coloured pump noise and a quantum noise with cross-correlation between real and imaginary parts under a direct signal modulation. By using a linear approximation method, we find that the SR appears during the variation of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) separately with the pump noise self-correlation time \tau , the noise correlation coefficient between the real part and the imaginary part of the quantum noise \lambda_q , the attenuation coefficient \gamma and the deterministic steady-state intensity I_0 . In addition, it is found that the SR can be characterized not only by the dependence of SNR on the noise variables of \tau and \lambda_q, but also by the dependence of SNR on the laser system variables of \gamma and I₀. Thus our investigation extends the characteristic quantity of SR proposed before.     

散斑场相位涡旋及其传播特性的实验研究

用CCD记录散斑场和参考光的干涉图样, 利用傅里叶变换法实现了散斑场复振幅以及相位分布的实验提取, 在复振幅实部零值线和虚部零值线切点处出现一种新的相位奇点, 与两条零值线交点处的传统相位奇点周围单调螺旋变化的相位分布不同, 绕切点一周的相位具有先增大后减小几乎呈对称性分布的特性, 为了解释这种新的相位奇点,提出了准孪生相位涡旋的概念. 在理论研究散斑场强度的纵向自相关函数的基础上, 实验观察散斑场相位涡旋的传播, 发现在光强纵向相关长度范围内的不同传播距离处的观察面上, 复振幅实部和虚部随机变化而涡旋的 关键词： 相位涡旋 散斑 干涉     

Effects of correlations between the real and imaginary parts of quantum noise on intensity fluctuation for a saturation laser model

This paper studies the effects of cross-correlations between the real and imaginary parts of quantum noise on the laser intensity in a saturation laser model. It derives the analytic expressions of the intensity correlation function ${C(\tau)}$ and the associated relaxation time ${T({C})}$ in the case of a stable locked phase resulting from the cross-correlation ${\lambda_q}$ between the real and imaginary parts of quantum noise. Based on numerical computations it finds that the presence of cross correlations between the real and imaginary parts of quantum noise slow down the decay of intensity fluctuation, i.e., it causes the increase of intensity fluctuation.