A New Class of Generalized Thompson's Groups and Their Normal Subgroups

For a given group G and a homomorphism ?: G → G × G, we construct groups ?_?(G), 𝒯_?(G), and 𝒱_?(G) that blend Thompson's groups F, T, and V with G, respectively. Furthermore, we describe the lattice of normal subgroups of the groups ?_Δ(G), where Δ: G → G × G is the diagonal homomorphism, Δ(g) = (g, g).     

On finite unions and finite products with the D-property

We show that the product of a subparacompact C-scattered space and a Lindelöf D-space is D. In addition, we show that every regular locally D-space which is the union of a finite collection of subparacompact spaces and metacompact spaces has the D-property. Also, we extend this result from the class of locally D-spaces to the wider class of D-scattered spaces. All the results are shown in a direct way.     

Orthogonality of cosets relative to irreducible characters of finite groups

Studied is an assumption on a group that ensures that no matter how the group is embedded in a symmetric group, the corresponding symmetrized tensor space has an orthogonal basis of standard (decomposable) symmetrized tensors.     

Improving Thompson's Conjecture for Suzuki Groups

Let G be a finite group and cs(G) be the set of conjugacy class sizes of G. In 1987, J. G. Thompson conjectured that, if G is a finite group with Z(G) = 1 and M is a nonabelian simple group satisfying that cs(G) = cs(M), then G ? M. This conjecture has been proved for Suzuki groups in [5 Guiyun, C. (1996). On Thompson's conjecture. J. Algebra 185(1):184–193.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]]. In this article, we improve this result by proving that, if G is a finite group such that cs(G) = cs(Sz(q)), for q = 2^2m+1, then G ? Sz(q) × A, where A is abelian. We avoid using classification of finite simple groups in our proofs.     

On the Positive Definiteness of Certain Functions

For a coinmutative senugoup (S, +, *) with involution and a function f : S → [0, ∞), the set S(f) of those p ≥ 0 such that f^P is a positive definite function on S is a closed subsemigroup of [0, ∞) containing 0. For S = (IR, +, x* = -x) it may happen that S(f) = { kd : k ∈ N₀ } for some d > 0, and it may happen that S(f) = {0} ? [d, ∞) for some d > O. If α > 2 and if S = (?, +, n* = -n) and f(n) = e^?[n]α or S = (IN₀, +, n* = n) and f(n) = e^nα, then S(f) ∪ (0, c) = ? and [d, ∞) ? S(f) for some d ≥; c > 0. Although (with c maximal and d minimal) we have not been able to show c = d in all cases, this equality does hold if S = ? and α ≥ 3.4. In the last section we give sinipler proofs of previously known results concerning the positive definiteness of x → e^?||x||α on normed spaces.     

On finite unions of certain D-spaces

In this note, we show that if X is the union of a finite collection of strong Σ-spaces, then X is a D-space. As a corollary, we get a conclusion that if X is the union of a finite collection of Moore spaces, then X is a D-space. This gives a positive answer to one of Arhangel'skii's problems [A.V. Arhangel'skii, D-spaces and finite unions, Proc. AMS 132 (7) (2004) 2163-2170]. In the last part of the note, we show that if X is the union of a finite collection of DC-like spaces, then X is a D-space, where DC is the class of all discrete unions of compact spaces. As a corollary, we show that if X is the union of a finite collection of regular subparacompact C-scattered spaces, then X is a D-space.     

Incidence properties of cosets in loops

We study incidence properties among cosets of infinite loops, with emphasis on well‐structured varieties such as antiautomorphic loops and Bol loops. While cosets in groups are either disjoint or identical, we find that the incidence structure in general loops can be much richer. Every symmetric design, for example, can be realized as a canonical collection of cosets of a infinite loop. We show that in the variety of antiautomorphic loops the poset formed by set inclusion among intersections of left cosets is isomorphic to that formed by right cosets. We present an algorithm that, given a infinite Bol loop S, can in some cases determine whether |S| divides |Q| for all infinite Bol loops Q with S?Q, and even whether there is a selection of left cosets of S that partitions Q. This method results in a positive confirmation of Lagrange's Theorem for Bol loops for a few new cases of subloops. Finally, we show that in a left automorphic Moufang loop Q (in particular, in a commutative Moufang loop Q), two left cosets of S?Qare either disjoint or they intersect in a set whose cardinality equals that of some subloop of S.     

Pointwise supercloseness of pentahedral finite elements

This article derives the weak estimate of the first type for pentahedral finite elements over uniform partitions of the domain for the Poisson equation. The estimate for the W^1,1‐seminorm of the discrete derivative Green's function is also given. Using these two estimates, we obtain the pointwise supercloseness of derivatives of the pentahedral finite element approximation and the interpolant to the true solution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010     

On the Euler characteristic of finite unions of convex sets

The Euler characteristic plays an important role in many subjects of discrete and continuous mathematics. For noncompact spaces, its homological definition, being a homotopy invariant, seems not as important as its role for compact spaces. However, its combinatorial definition, as a finitely additive measure, proves to be more applicable in the study of singular spaces such as semialgebraic sets, finitely subanalytic sets, etc. We introduce an interesting integral by means of which the combinatorial Euler characteristic can be defined without the necessity of decomposition and extension as in the traditional treatment for polyhedra and finite unions of compact convex sets. Since finite unions of closed convex sets cannot be obtained by cutting convex sets as in the polyhedral case, a separate treatment of the Euler characteristic for functions generated by indicator functions of closed convex sets and relatively open convex sets is necessary, and this forms the content of this paper.     

Positive Solutions of Second-order Difference Equation with Variable Coefficient on the Infinite Interval

In this paper, based on the one-signed Green''s function and the compact results on the infinite interval, we obtain the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for the boundary value problems \begin{align*} \left\{\begin{array}{ll} \Delta^2x(n-1)-p(n)\Delta x(n-1)-q(n)x(n-1)+f(n,x(n))=0, \ n\in\mathbb{N}, \\[0ex] \alpha x(0)-\beta\Delta x(0)=0, \quad \ \ \lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}x(n)=0 \end{array} \right. \end{align*} by the fixed point theorem in cones. The main results extend some results in the previous literature.     

群的Gorenstein同调维数

设$k$是一个弱维数有限的交换环, $G$是一个群. 本文讨论了群$G$具有有限的Gorenstein同调维数的标准.证明了群$G$的Gorenstein同调维数的有限性与群环$kG$的Gorenstein弱维数的有限性是一致的.进一步,我们给出了Serre定理的一个Gorenstein类比.推广了整环上$G$的Gorenstein同调维数的一些已知结果.     

On automorphism groups of some finite groups

We show that if n > 1 is odd and has no divisor p4 for any prime p, then there is no finite group G such that│Aut(G)│ = n.     

On rings whose number of centralizers of ideals is finite

LetR be a ring. For the setF of all nonzero ideals ofR, we introduce an equivalence relation inF as follows: For idealsI andJ, I～J if and only ifV _R (I)=V _R(J), whereV _R() is the centralizer inR. LetI _R=F/～. Then we can see thatn(I _R), the cardinality ofI _R, is 1 if and only ifR is either a prime ring or a commutative ring (Theorem 1.1). An idealI ofR is said to be a commutator ideal ifI is generated by{st?ts; s∈S, t∈T} for subsetS andT ofR, andR is said to be a ring with (N) if any commutator ideal contains no nonzero nilpotent ideals. Then we have the following main theorem: LetR be a ring with (N). Thenn(I _R) is finite if and only ifR is isomorphic to an irredundant subdirect sum ofS⊕Z whereS is a finite direct sum of non commutative prime rings andZ is a commutative ring (Theorem 2.1). Finally, we show that the existence of a ringR such thatn(I _R)=m for any given natural numberm.     

On systems of finite sets with constraints on their unions and intersections

Let F be a family of subsets of an n-element set. F is said to be of type (n, r, s) if A ∈ F, B ∈ F implies that |A ∪ B| ? n ? r, and |A ∩ B| ? s. Let f(n, r, s) = max {|F| : F is of type (n, r, s)}. We prove that f(n, r, s) ? f(n ? 1, r ? 1, s) + f(n ? 1, r + 1, s) if r > 0, n > s. And this result is used to give simple and unified proofs of Katona's and Frankl's results on f(n, r, s) when s = 0 and s = 1.     

On two classes of finite supersoluble groups

Let ? be a complete set of Sylow subgroups of a finite group G, that is, a set composed of a Sylow p-subgroup of G for each p dividing the order of G. A subgroup H of G is called ?-S-semipermutable if H permutes with every Sylow p-subgroup of G in ? for all p?π(H); H is said to be ?-S-seminormal if it is normalized by every Sylow p-subgroup of G in ? for all p?π(H). The main aim of this paper is to characterize the ?-MS-groups, or groups G in which the maximal subgroups of every Sylow subgroup in ? are ?-S-semipermutable in G and the ?-MSN-groups, or groups in which the maximal subgroups of every Sylow subgroup in ? are ?-S-seminormal in G.     

On critical cases of Sobolev's inequalities for Heisenberg groups

We prove some Trudinger-type inequalities and Brezis-Gallouet-Wainger inequality on the Heisenberg group, extending to this context the Euclidean results by T. Ozawa.     

Superconvergence of tetrahedral quadratic finite elements for a variable coefficient elliptic equation

For a variable coefficient elliptic boundary value problem in three dimensions, using the properties of the bubble function and the element cancelation technique, we derive the weak estimate of the first type for tetrahedral quadratic elements. In addition, the estimate for the W^1,1‐seminorm of the discrete derivative Green's function is also given. Finally, we show that the derivatives of the finite element solution u_h and the corresponding interpolant Π₂u are superclose in the pointwise sense of the L^∞‐norm. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013     

On Igusa zeta functions of monomial ideals

We show that the real parts of the poles of the Igusa zeta function of a monomial ideal can be computed from the torus-invariant divisors on the normalized blow-up of the affine space along the ideal. Moreover, we show that every such number is a root of the Bernstein-Sato polynomial associated to the monomial ideal.