Topological transformation groups of manifolds over non-Archimedean fields,their representations,and quasi-invariant measures. I

Diffeomorphism groups and loop groups of manifolds on Banach spaces over non-Archimedean fields are defined. Moreover, for these groups, finite-and infinite-dimensional manifolds over the corresponding fields are considered. The group structure, the differential-geometric structure, and also the topological structure of diffeomorphism groups and loops groups are studied. We prove that these groups do not locally satisfy the Campbell-Hausdorff formula. The principal distinctions in the structure for the Archimedean and classical cases are found. The quasi-invariant measures on these groups with respect to dense subgroups are constructed. Stochastic processes on topological transformation groups of manifolds and, in particular, on diffeomorphism groups and on loop groups and also the corresponding transition probabilities are constructed. Regular, strongly continuous, unitary representations of dense subgroups of topological transformation groups of manifolds, in particular, those of diffeomorphism groups and loop groups associated with quasi-invariant measures on groups and also on the corresponding configurational spaces are constructed. The conditions imposed on the measure and groups under which these unitary representations are irreducible are found. The induced representations of topological groups are studied by using quasi-invariant measures on topological groups. __________ Translated from Sovremennaya Matematika i Ee Prilozheniya (Contemporary Mathematics and Its Applications), Vol. 39, Functional Analysis, 2006.     

Finite dimensional groups of local diffeomorphisms

We are interested in classifying groups of local biholomorphisms (or even formal diffeomorphisms) that can be endowed with a canonical structure of algebraic groups and their subgroups. Such groups are called finitedimensional. We obtain that cyclic groups, virtually polycyclic groups, finitely generated virtually nilpotent groups and connected Lie groups of local biholomorphisms are finite-dimensional. We provide several methods to identify finite-dimensional groups and build examples.As a consequence we generalize results of Arnold, Seigal–Yakovenko and Binyamini on uniform estimates of local intersection multiplicities to bigger classes of groups, including for example virtually polycyclic groups and in particular finitely generated virtually nilpotent groups.     

Outer automorphism groups of certain 1-relator groups

Grossman first showed that outer automorphism groups of 1-relator groups given by orientable surface groups are residually finite, whence mapping class groups of orientable surfaces are residually finite. Allenby, Kim and Tang showed that outer automorphism groups of cyclically pinched 1-relator groups are residually finite, whence mapping class groups of orientable and non-orientable surfaces are residually finite. In this paper we show that outer automorphism groups of certain conjugacy separable 1-relator groups are residually finite.     

Weakly Linearly Compact Topological Abelian Groups

In this paper, we study linearly topological groups. We introduce the notion of a weakly linearly compact group, which generalizes the notion of a weakly separable group, and examine the main properties of such groups. For weakly linearly compact groups, we construct the character theory and present an algebraic characterization of some classes of such groups. Some well-known theorems for periodic Abelian groups are generalized for the case of linearly discrete, topological Abelian groups; for linearly compact and linearly discrete topological Abelian groups, we also construct the character theory and study some important properties of linearly discrete groups. For linearly discrete, topological Abelian groups, we analyze the splittability condition (Theorem 3.12) and present the characteristic condition of decomposability of a discrete group G into the direct sum of rank-1 groups. We also present an algebraic characterization of linearly compact groups. We introduce the notion of a weakly linearly compact, topological Abelian group, which generalizes the notion of a weakly separable Abelian group, and examine some properties of such groups. These groups are a generalization of fibrous Abelian groups introduced by Vilenkin. We give an algebraic characterization of divisible, weakly locally compact Abelian groups that do not contain nonzero elements of finite order (Proposition 7.9). For weakly locally compact Abelian groups, we construct universal groups.     

Topological transformation groups of manifolds over non-Archimedean fields,their representations,and quasi-invariant measures,II

Diffeomorphism groups and loop groups of manifolds on Banach spaces over non-Archimedean fields are defined. Moreover, for these groups, finite-and infinite-dimensional manifolds over the corresponding fields are considered. The group structure, the differential-geometric structure, and also the topological structure of diffeomorphism groups and loops groups are studied. We prove that these groups do not locally satisfy the Campbell-Hausdorff formula. The principal distinctions in the structure for the Archimedean and classical cases are found. The quasi-invariant measures on these groups with respect to dense subgroups are constructed. Stochastic processes on topological transformation groups of manifolds and, in particular, on diffeomorphism groups and on loop groups and also the corresponding transition probabilities are constructed. Regular, strongly continuous, unitary representations of dense subgroups of topological transformation groups of manifolds, in particular, those of diffeomorphism group and loop groups associated with quasi-invariant measures on groups and also on the corresponding configurational spaces are constructed. The conditions imposed on the measure and groups under which these unitary representations are irreducible are found. The induced representations of topological groups are studied by using quasi-invariant measures on topological groups. __________ Translated from Sovremennaya Matematika. Fundamental’nye Napravleniya (Contemporary Mathematics. Fundamental Directions), Vol. 18, Functional Analysis, 2006.     

The Tits alternative for non-spherical Pride groups

Pride groups, or ‘groups given by presentations in whicheach defining relator involves at most two types of generators’,include Coxeter groups, Artin groups, triangles of groups, andVinberg's groups defined by periodic paired relations. We showthat every non-spherical Pride group that is not a triangleof groups satisfies the Tits alternative.     

Splitting Obstruction Groups in Codimension 2

The splitting obstruction groups depend functorially on the square of fundamental groups. In the paper the problem of splitting along a submanifold of codimension two under some restrictions on the square of fundamental groups is considered. New exact sequences and commutative diagrams containing Wall groups, splitting obstruction groups, and surgery obstruction groups for manifold pairs are obtained. Examples of computation of splitting obstruction groups and natural maps are considered.     

Maximal Inverse Subsemigroups of the Symmetric Inverse Semigroup on a Finite-Dimensional Vector Space

The notion of “near isomorphism” for torsion-free Abelian groups of finite rank is well known. In particular, this concept turned out to be of importance for classifying almost completely decomposable groups. We extend near isomorphism to classes of torsion-free Abelian groups of infinite rank which are unions of bcd–groups, this is to say unions of groups which are bounded essential extensions of completely decomposable groups. Moreover, we show that nearly isomorphic groups of this class also have nearly isomorphic endomorphism rings considered as Abelian groups.     

Limit groups as limits of free groups

We give a topological framework for the study of Sela'slimit groups: limit groups are limits of free groups in a compact space of marked groups. Many results get a natural interpretation in this setting. The class of limit groups is known to coincide with the class of finitely generated fully residually free groups. The topological approach gives some new insight on the relation between fully residually free groups, the universal theory of free groups, ultraproducts and non-standard free groups.     

泛欧氏空间的Clifford群、扭群、旋群及它们的李代数

本文研究了泛欧氏空间的Clifford群、扭群、旋群,它们为Clifford代数中选出极好的一类子群.利用Clifford代数理论方法,获得了泛欧氏空间中Clifford群、扭群、旋群及其李代数的结构及它们之间的关系,并且得到了它们的李代数.     

Diagram groups and directed 2-complexes: Homotopy and homology

We show that diagram groups can be viewed as fundamental groups of spaces of positive paths on directed 2-complexes (these spaces of paths turn out to be classifying spaces). Thus diagram groups are analogs of second homotopy groups, although diagram groups are as a rule non-Abelian. Part of the paper is a review of the previous results from this point of view. In particular, we show that the so-called rigidity of the R. Thompson's group F and some other groups is similar to the flat torus theorem. We find several finitely presented diagram groups (even of type F_∞) each of which contains all countable diagram groups. We show how to compute minimal presentations and homology groups of a large class of diagram groups. We show that the Poincaré series of these groups are rational functions. We prove that all integer homology groups of all diagram groups are free Abelian.     

Fuzzy幂群与Fuzzy商群的相互关系

In this paper,we extend the concept of fuzzy quotient groups.The structures of fuzzy power groups and fuzzy quotient groups are discussed.The relationship between fuzzy power groups and fuzzy quotient groups are considered.     

Groups acting on tree-graded spaces and splittings of relatively hyperbolic groups

Tree-graded spaces are generalizations of R-trees. They appear as asymptotic cones of groups (when the cones have cut-points). Since many questions about endomorphisms and automorphisms of groups, solving equations over groups, studying embeddings of a group into another group, etc. lead to actions of groups on the asymptotic cones, it is natural to consider actions of groups on tree-graded spaces. We develop a theory of such actions which generalizes the well-known theory of groups acting on R-trees. As applications of our theory, we describe, in particular, relatively hyperbolic groups with infinite groups of outer automorphisms, and co-Hopfian relatively hyperbolic groups.     

Abelian groups that are small with respect to different classes of groups

In this paper, we study Abelian groups that are small with respect to different classes of groups. Completely decomposable torsion free groups that are small with respect to an arbitrary class of torsion free groups are described completely. Direct products of groups small with respect to the class of slender groups are derived.     

Countable Primitive Groups

We give a complete characterization of countable primitive groups in several settings including linear groups, subgroups of mapping class groups, groups acting minimally on trees and convergence groups. The latter category includes as a special case Kleinian groups as well as subgroups of word hyperbolic groups. As an application we calculate the Frattini subgroup in many of these settings, often generalizing results that were only known for finitely generated groups. In particular, we answer a question of G. Higman and B.H. Neumann on the Frattini group of an amalgamated product. Received: January 2006, Revision: May 2006, Accepted: May 2006     

Geometric equivalence of groups

Based on the notion of geometric equivalence of groups, new classes of groups, namely, geometric varieties of groups, are defined. Some properties of such classes, including their relation to quasi-varieties and prevarieties of groups, are studied. Examples of torsion free nilpotent groups that are geometrically nonequivalent to their minimal completions, as well as an example of centrally metabelian groups that are geometrically nonequivalent but generate equal quasi-varieties, are given.     

Tortrat groups—Groups with a nice behavior for sequences of shifted convolution powers

For a locally compact groupG a condition in terms of probability measures and conjugation is introduced, which implies that limits of shifted convolution powers are always translates of idempotent measures. Such groups are called Tortrat groups. The connection between Tortrat groups and shifted convolution powers is established by the method of tail idempotents. Some construction principles for Tortrat groups are given and applied to show that compact groups, abelian groups, and more generally SIN-groups, as well as MAP-groups and almost connected nilpotent groups are of this type. The class of Tortrat groups is compared with another class investigated by A. Tortrat.     

初等收敛群和拟初等收敛群

作为－／R^n上的离散收敛群中的初等群的推广,本文定义了－／R^n上一般收敛群中的初等群和拟初等群,并得到了初等收敛群、拟初等收敛群和非拟初等敛群各自的一些性质和特征。