Gorenstein gr-injective modules over graded isolated singularities

Graded isolated singularities appear very naturally in algebraic pro-jcctive geometry (cf. [18]) or invariant theory of the binary polyhedral groups (cf. [15], [17]). We define mock finitely generated modules in the category of graded modules and we use such graded modules which are also Gorenstein injective (cf. [1], [2]) in this category to characterize graded isolated Gorenstein singularities.     

S-Armendariz模与Quasi S-Armendariz模

作为对Armendariz环的推广,该文引进了S-Armendariz模,并证明了S-Armendariz模具有许多与Armendariz环相类似的性质,从而将文献中的相关结论推广到更一般的情形.     

A measurable selection theorem for compact-valued maps

The main theorem of this paper establishes the existence of measurable selections for compact-valued multifunctions whose range space is a regular Hausdorff space which need neither be metrizable nor satisfy any restriction on its weight. It is shown that the selection theorems of Sion [16], Hasumi [10], and one of the author (cf. [8]) are immediate consequences of this general result. Moreover some new results concerning Borel and Baire property selections for upper semi-continuous compact-valued maps are deduced.     

Thue inequalities with a small number of primitive solutions

Several upper bounds are known for the numbers of primitive solutions (x; y) of the Thue equation (1) j F(x; y) j = m and the more general Thue inequality (3) 0 < j F(x; y) j m. A usual way to derive such an upper bound is to make a distinction between "small" and "large" solutions, according as max( j x j ; j y j ) is smaller or larger than an appropriate explicit constant Y depending on F and m; see e.g. [1], [11], [6] and [2]. As an improvement and generalization of some earlier results we give in Section 1 an upper bound of the form cn for the number of primitive solutions (x; y) of (3) with max( j x j ; j y j )Y0 , wherec 25 is a constant and n denotes the degree of the binary form F involved (cf. Theorem 1). It is important for applications that our lower bound Y0 for the large solutions is much smaller than those in [1], [11], [6] and [4], and is already close to the best possible in terms of m. ByusingTheorem1 we establish in Section 2 similar upper bounds for the total number of primitive solutions of (3), provided that the height or discriminant of F is suficiently large with respect to m (cf. Theorem 2 and its corollaries). These results assert in a quantitative form that, in a certain sense, almost all inequalities of the form (3) have only few primitive solutions. Theorem 2 and its consequences are considerable improvements of the results obtained in this direction in [3], [6], [13] and [4]. The proofs of Theorems 1 and 2 are given in Section 3. In the proofs we use among other things appropriate modifications and refenements of some arguments of [1] and [6].     

Standard Monomial Theory for Bott–Samelson Varieties

Bott–Samelson varieties are an important tool in geometric representation theory [1, 3, 10, 25]. They were originally defined as desingularizations of Schubert varieties and share many of the properties of Schubert varieties. They have an action of a Borel subgroup, and the projective coordinate ring of a Bott–Samelson variety splits into certain generalized Demazure modules (which also appear in other contexts [22, 23]). Standard Monomial Theory, developed by Seshadri and the first author [15, 16], and recently completed by the second author [20], gives explicit bases for the Demazure modules associated to Schubert varieties. In this paper, we extend the techniques of [20] to give explicit bases for the generalized Demazure modules associated to Bott–Samelson varieties, thus proving a strengthened form of the results announced by the first and third authors in [12] (see also [13]). We also obtain more elementary proofs of the cohomology vanishing theorems of Kumar [10] and Mathieu [25]; of the projective normality of Bott–Samelson varieties; and of the Demazure character formula.     

Uniqueness results of meromorphic functions whose derivatives share four small functions

We prove an oscillation theorem of two meromorphic functions whose derivatives share four values IM. From this we obtain some uniqueness theorems, which improve the corresponding results given by Yang [16] and Qiu [10], and supplement results given by Nevanlinna [9] and Gundersen [3, 4]. Some examples are provided to show that the results in this paper are best possible.     

Zur Gleichwertigkeit zweier Arten der Randomisierung

For the choice of a mathematical model describing randomized decisions it is important to make sure that given a ‘behavioral decision rule’ there exists an equivalent ‘randomized decision function’ (cf. [2], p. 24–26). This fact seems to be known only in some special cases (cf. [1], Th. 8.3.1 and [3]). Here we give a simple proof for the general case.     

On regular rings and continuous rings,III

Summary In this sequel to [14]and [15],a generalization of quasi-injective modules, noted FK-injective, is introduced to study von Neumann regular and continuous rings. This will lead to new characteristic properties of continuous regular rings. Conditions for certain non-singular modules to be completely reducible and injective are given. A few decompositions of FK-injective modules are considered.Dedicated to Professor Hisao Tominaga     

Simple sheaves along dihedral Lagrangians

We prove the unicity of a complex of sheavesF whose microsupport is carried by a “dihedral” Lagrangian Λ ofT ^* X (X=a real manifold) and which is simple with a prescribed shift at a regular point of Λ. Our method consists in reducing Λ, by a real contact transformation, to the conormal bundle to aC ¹-hypersuface, and then in using [K-S 1, Prop. 6.2.1] in the variant of [D'A-Z 1]. This is similar to [Z 2] but more general, since complex contact transformations and calculations of shifts are not required. We then consider the case of a complex manifoldX, and obtain some vanishing theorems for the complex of “microfunctions along Λ” similar to those of [A-G], [A-H], [K-S 1] (cf. also [D'A-Z 3 5], [Z 2]).     

Total absolute curvature of polyhedral manifolds with boundary in E n

N. H. Kuiper has generalized the notion of total absolute curvature for compact polyhedra in euclidean space by considering the critical points of all height functions (cf. [12]). On the other hand in the case of compact smooth manifolds with boundary in E ⁿ there is a certain relation between the total absolute curvatures of the total space, the interior and the boundary (cf. [9]). In this note we show an analogous relation in the case of compact polyhedral manifolds with boundary leading to theorems of the Chern/Lashof type (cf. [3], [7]).     

Injectivity of Direct Sums

It is a well-known result that the direct sum of any family of injective modules over a Noetherian ring is injective. Conversely, if A is a ring with the property that the direct sum of any family of injective modules is injective H. Bass [1] has shown that A is Noetherian. The object of the present paper is to give necessary and sufficient conditions for the direct sum of a given family of modules over an arbitrary ring to be injective.     

随机泛函分析中可交换映象的随机不动点定理

随机不动点定理在随机泛函分析中是一重要问题.在可分完备的度量空间中的随机不动点定理Bharucha-Reid,王梓坤,?pa?ek,Han?,Itoh及作者等都曾进行过讨论(见[1-5,15-20,21]).在本文中我们对概率分析中可交换映象的随机不动点定理得出了几个新的结果,它推广了前述诸人工作中某些重要结果.在确定性情形也推广了Jungck[6,7,8],Das,Naik[9],Rhoades[10],及Ciric[11]的结果.     

Perfect Modules

Erika Mares introduced the concepts of semi-perfectness and perfectness for projective modules, generalised the structure theorems of H. Bass and obtained results on the endomorphism rings of such modules. The present author has carried out an extensive study of endomorphism rings of various types of modules with two of his collaborators [3], [9]. In particular the concept of semi-perfectness was extended to modules not necessarily projective and results similar to those of Erika Mares obtained for quasi-projective semi-perfect modules. The object of the present paper is to extend the concept of perfectness to modules which are not necessarily projective and obtain results similar to those of Erika Mares, Roger Ware etc. concerning these modules.     

Injective Rings

The purpose of this article is to determine the injective objects in some complete categories of rings. All rings are assumed to have identities and it is assumed that the homomorphisms preserve these identities. We recall that an object Q in a category is called injective if for every diagram where A′ → A is a monomorphism, there is a map A → Q making the triangle commute. The zero ring belongs to all the categories discussed and it is easy to see that it is an injective object. For the categories of commutative rings, strongly regular and commutative regular rings we show that the zero ring is the only injective by using the fact that an injective object must be a retract of any extension. We include in this section the known results which characterize the injective rings and p-rings. The second part of the paper discusses injectivity with respect to regular monomorphisms. Some necessary categorical background is given and it is then shown that results analagous with those of the first section hold (including the known Boolean and p-ring cases). In an abelian category all monomorphisms are regular, so in the study of the injective objects, for example injective modules, there are not two separate cases.     

Cluster-tilted algebras are Gorenstein and stably Calabi-Yau

We prove that in a 2-Calabi-Yau triangulated category, each cluster tilting subcategory is Gorenstein with all its finitely generated projectives of injective dimension at most one. We show that the stable category of its Cohen-Macaulay modules is 3-Calabi-Yau. We deduce in particular that cluster-tilted algebras are Gorenstein of dimension at most one, and hereditary if they are of finite global dimension. Our results also apply to the stable (!) endomorphism rings of maximal rigid modules of [Christof Geiß, Bernard Leclerc, Jan Schröer, Rigid modules over preprojective algebras, arXiv: math.RT/0503324, Invent. Math., in press]. In addition, we prove a general result about relative 3-Calabi-Yau duality over non-stable endomorphism rings. This strengthens and generalizes the Ext-group symmetries obtained in [Christof Geiß, Bernard Leclerc, Jan Schröer, Rigid modules over preprojective algebras, arXiv: math.RT/0503324, Invent. Math., in press] for simple modules. Finally, we generalize the results on relative Calabi-Yau duality from 2-Calabi-Yau to d-Calabi-Yau categories. We show how to produce many examples of d-cluster tilted algebras.     

A generalization of right pci rings

By a well-known result of Osofsky [6, Theorem] a ring R is semisimple (i.e. R is right artinian and the Jacobson radical of R is zero) if and only if every cyclic right R-module is injective. Starting from this, a larger class of rings has been introduced and investigated, namely the class of right PCI rings. A ring R is called right PCI if every proper cyclic right R- module is injective (proper here means not being isomorphic to RR). By [l] and [Z], a right PCI ring is either semisimple or it is a right noetherian, right hereditary simple ring. The latter ring is usually called a right PCI domain. In this paper we consider the similar question in studying rings whose cyclic right modules satisfy some decomposition property. The starting point is a theorem recently proved in 13, Theorem 1.1): A ring R is right artinian if and only if every cyclic right R- module is a direct sum of an injective module and a finitely cogenerated module.     

The uniqueness of limit cycles for Liénard system

In monographs [Theory of Limit Cycles, 1984] and [Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations, 1985], eleven propositions by several mathematicians are listed on the uniqueness of limit cycles for equations of type (I), (II), and (III) of the quadratic ordinary differential systems. In this paper, we first point out that all these propositions were not completely proved since the equations under consideration do not satisfy the conditions of the theorems used to guarantee the uniqueness of limit cycles. Then we give a new set of theorems that guarantee the uniqueness of limit cycles for the Liénard systems, which not only can be applied to complete the proof of the propositions mentioned above but generalize many other uniqueness theorems as well. The conditions in these uniqueness theorems, which are independent and were obtained by different methods, can be combined into one improved general theorem that is easy to apply. Thus many of the most frequently used theorems on the uniqueness of limit cycles are corollaries of the results in this paper.     

INJECTIVE PRECOVERS AND MODULES OF GENERALIZED INVERSE POLYNOMIALS

Let (S,≤) be an ordered set. Recall that (S,≤) is artinian if every strictly decreasingsequence of elements of S is ?nite, and that (S,≤) is narrow if every subset of pairwiseorder-incomparable elements of S is ?nite. Let S be a commutative monoid. Unl…     

Ekeland’s variational principle for vectorial multivalued mappings in a uniform space

In this paper, we establish Ekeland’s variational principle and an equilibrium version of Ekeland’s variational principle for vectorial multivalued mappings in the setting of separated, sequentially complete uniform spaces. Our approaches and results are different from those in Chen et al. (2008), Hamel (2005), and Lin and Chuang (2010) [13], [14] and [15]. As applications of our results, we study vectorial Caristi’s fixed point theorems and Takahashi’s nonconvex minimization theorems for multivalued mappings and their equivalent forms in a separated, sequentially complete uniform space. We also apply our results to study maximal element theorems, which are unified methods of several variational inclusion problems. Our results contain many known results in the literature Fang (1996) [21], and will have many applications in nonlinear analysis.