A combinatorial classification of 2-regular simple modules for Nakayama algebras

Enomoto showed for finite dimensional algebras that the classification of exact structures on the category of finitely generated projective modules can be reduced to the classification of 2-regular simple modules. In this article, we give a combinatorial classification of 2-regular simple modules for Nakayama algebras and we use this classification to answer several natural questions such as when there is a unique exact structure on the category of finitely generated projective modules for Nakayama algebras. We also classify 1-regular simple modules, quasi-hereditary Nakayama algebras and Nakayama algebras of global dimension at most two. It turns out that most classes are enumerated by well-known combinatorial sequences, such as Fibonacci, Riordan and Narayana numbers. We first obtain interpretations in terms of the Auslander-Reiten quiver of the algebra using homological algebra, and then apply suitable bijections to relate these to combinatorial statistics on Dyck paths.     

Representation Dimension and Quasi-hereditary Algebras

We study Auslander's representation dimension of Artin algebras, which is by definition the minimal projective dimension of coherent functors on modules which are both generators and cogenerators. We show the following statements: (1) if an Artin algebra A is stably hereditary, then the representation dimension of A is at most 3. (2) If two Artin algebras are stably equivalent of Morita type, then they have the same representation dimension. Particularly, if two self-injective algebras are derived equivalent, then they have the same representation dimension. (3) Any incidence algebra of a finite partially ordered set over a field has finite representation dimension. Moreover, we use results on quasi-hereditary algebras to show that (4) the Auslander algebra of a Nakayama algebra has finite representation dimension.     

关于对偶扩张拟遗传代数的Kazhdan-Lusztig理论

In order to study the representation theory of Lie algebras and algebraic groups, Cline, Parshall and Scott put forward the notion of abstract Kazhdan-Lusztig theory for quasihereditary algebras. Assume that a quasi-hereditary algebra B has the vertex set Q0 = {1,..., n} such that HomB（P（i）, P（j）） = 0 for i 〉 j. In this paper, it is shown that if the quasi-hereditary algebra B has a Kazhdan-Lusztig theory relative to a length function l, then its dual extension algebra A = .A（B） has also the Kazhdan-Lusztig theory relative to the length function l.     

Prehomogeneous spaces for Borel subgroups of general linear groups

Let k be an algebraically closed field. Let B be the Borel subgroup of GL_n(k) consisting of nonsingular upper triangular matrices. Let b = Lie B be the Lie algebra of upper triangular n × n matrices and u the Lie subalgebra of b consisting of strictly upper triangular matrices. We classify all Lie ideals n of b, satisfying u' ⫅ n ⫅ u, such that B acts (by conjugation) on n with a dense orbit. Further, in case B does not act with a dense orbit, we give the minimal codimension of a B-orbit in n. This can be viewed as a first step towards the difficult open problem of classifying of all ideals n ⫅ u such that B acts on n with a dense orbit. The proofs of our main results require a translation into the representation theory of a certain quasi-hereditary algebra A_t,1. In this setting we find the minimal dimension of Ext¹A_t,1(M,M) for a δ-good A_t,1-module of certain fixed δ-dimension vectors.     

Iyama’s finiteness theorem via strongly quasi-hereditary algebras

Let Λ be an artin algebra and X a finitely generated Λ-module. Iyama has shown that there exists a module Y such that the endomorphism ring Γ of X⊕Y is quasi-hereditary, with a heredity chain of length n, and that the global dimension of Γ is bounded by this n. In general, one only knows that a quasi-hereditary algebra with a heredity chain of length n must have global dimension at most 2n−2. We want to show that Iyama’s better bound is related to the fact that the ring Γ he constructs is not only quasi-hereditary, but even left strongly quasi-hereditary. By definition, the left strongly quasi-hereditary algebras are the quasi-hereditary algebras with all standard left modules of projective dimension at most 1.     

Quasi-Hereditary Extension Algebras

The paper is a continuation of the authors' study of quasi-hereditary algebras whose Yoneda extension algebras (homological duals) are quasi-hereditary. The so-called standard Koszul quasi-hereditary algebras, presented in this paper, have the property that their extension algebras are always quasi-hereditary. In the natural setting of graded Koszul algebras, the converse also holds: if the extension algebra of a graded Koszul quasi-hereditary algebra is quasi-hereditary, then the algebra must be standard Koszul. This implies that the class of graded standard Koszul quasi-hereditary algebras is closed with respect to homological duality. Another immediate consequence is the fact that all algebras corresponding to the blocks of the category O are standard Koszul.     

Global dimension two orders are quasi-hereditary

Motivated by results of Cline, Parshall and Scott on quasi-hereditary algebras, in [8] the concept of a quasi-hereditary order is introduced in integral representation theory. In this note we show that the results of Dlab and Ringel on quasi-hereditary semiprimary rings and hereditary artinian rings presented in [6] have integral analogues in the theory of orders. In particular, we prove as our main result the followingTheorem: An order of global dimension at most two over a complete Dedekind domain R in a separable algebra over the quotient field of R is quasi-hereditary.     

First Observations on Prefab Posets’ Whitney Numbers

We introduce a natural partial order ≤ in structurally natural finite subsets of the cobweb prefabs sets recently constructed by the present author. Whitney numbers of the second kind of the corresponding subposet which constitute Stirling-like numbers’ triangular array — are then calculated and the explicit formula for them is provided. Next — in the second construction — we endow the set sums of prefabiants with such an another partial order that their Bell-like numbers include Fibonacci triad sequences introduced recently by the present author in order to extend famous relation between binomial Newton coefficients and Fibonacci numbers onto the infinity of their relatives among whom there are also the Fibonacci triad sequences and binomial-like coefficients (incidence coefficients included). The first partial order is F-sequence independent while the second partial order is F-sequence dependent where F is the so-called admissible sequence determining cobweb poset by construction. An F-determined cobweb poset’s Hasse diagram becomes Fibonacci tree sheathed with specific cobweb if the sequence F is chosen to be just the Fibonacci sequence. From the stand-point of linear algebra of formal series these are generating functions which stay for the so-called extended coherent states of quantum physics. This information is delivered in the last section. Presentation (November 2006) at the Gian-Carlo Rota Polish Seminar .     

关于标准分层代数的多项式代数的滤链维数

标准分层代数是拟遗传代数的推广,其性质和理论意义受到人们的重视.在本文中,设A是域k上的标准分层代数,我们从特征模的角度,对A的多项式代数A[x]上的滤链维数进行了研究,得到了一些有意义的结果.     

Several identities in the Catalan triangle

In this paper, we first establish several identities for the alternating sums in the Catalan triangle whose (n, p) entry is defined by B _{n, p} = $ \tfrac{p} {n}\left( {_{n - p}^{2n} } \right) $ \tfrac{p} {n}\left( {_{n - p}^{2n} } \right) . Second, we show that the Catalan triangle matrix C can be factorized by C = FY = ZF, where F is the Fibonacci matrix. From these formulas, some interesting identities involving B _{n, p} and the Fibonacci numbers F _n are given. As special cases, some new relationships between the well-known Catalan numbers C _n and the Fibonacci numbers are obtained, for example:

Schur–Weyl duality for higher levels

We extend Schur–Weyl duality to an arbitrary level l ≥ 1, level one recovering the classical duality between the symmetric and general linear groups. In general, the symmetric group is replaced by the degenerate cyclotomic Hecke algebra over parametrized by a dominant weight of level l for the root system of type A_∞. As an application, we prove that the degenerate analogue of the quasi-hereditary cover of the cyclotomic Hecke algebra constructed by Dipper, James and Mathas is Morita equivalent to certain blocks of parabolic category for the general linear Lie algebra.      

A Construction of Characteristic Tilting Modules

Associated with each finite directed quiver Q is a quasi-hereditary algebra, the so-called twisted double of the path algebra kQ. Characteristic tilting modules over this class of quasi-hereditary algebras are constructed. Their endomorphism algebras are explicitly described. It turns out that this class of quasi-hereditary algebras is closed under taking the Ringel dual. Received November 15, 2000, Accepted March 5, 2001     

Periodicity of Balancing Numbers

The balancing numbers originally introduced by Behera and Panda [2] as solutions of a Diophantine equation on triangular numbers possess many interesting properties. Many of these properties are comparable to certain properties of Fibonacci numbers, while some others are more interesting. Wall [14] studied the periodicity of Fibonacci numbers modulo arbitrary natural numbers. The periodicity of balancing numbers modulo primes and modulo terms of certain sequences exhibits beautiful results, again, some of them are identical with corresponding results of Fibonacci numbers, while some others are more fascinating. An important observation concerning the periodicity of balancing numbers is that, the period of this sequence coincides with the modulus of congruence if the modulus is any power of 2. There are three known primes for which the period of the sequence of balancing numbers modulo each prime is equal to the period modulo its square, while for the Fibonacci sequence, till date no such prime is available.     

Smash products of quasi-hereditary graded algebras

The Smash product of a finite dimensional quasi-hereditary algebra graded by a finite group with the group is proved to be a quasi-hereditary algebra. Some elementary relations between the good modules of the two quasi-hereditary algebras are given.     

Based algebras and standard bases for quasi-hereditary algebras

Quasi-hereditary algebras can be viewed as a Lie theory approach to the theory of finite dimensional algebras. Motivated by the existence of certain nice bases for representations of semisimple Lie algebras and algebraic groups, we will construct in this paper nice bases for (split) quasi-hereditary algebras and characterize them using these bases. We first introduce the notion of a standardly based algebra, which is a generalized version of a cellular algebra introduced by Graham and Lehrer, and discuss their representation theory. The main result is that an algebra over a commutative local noetherian ring with finite rank is split quasi-hereditary if and only if it is standardly full-based. As an application, we will give an elementary proof of the fact that split symmetric algebras are not quasi-hereditary unless they are semisimple. Finally, some relations between standardly based algebras and cellular algebras are also discussed.     

Koszul duality for extension algebras of standard modules

We define and investigate a class of Koszul quasi-hereditary algebras for which there is a natural equivalence between the bounded derived category of graded modules and the bounded derived category of graded modules over (a proper version of) the extension algebra of standard modules. Examples of such algebras include, in particular, the multiplicity free blocks of the BGG category O, and some quasi-hereditary algebras with Cartan decomposition in the sense of König.     

The lattices of ideals of multizigzags and the enumeration of Fibonacci partitions

Let u₁=1, u₂=2, u₃,... be the sequence of Fibonacci numbers. A Fibonacci partition of a natural number n is a partition of n into different Fibonacci numbers. In this paper it is proved that the set of Fibonacci partitions of a natural number, partially ordered with respect to refinement is the lattice of ideals of a multizigzag. On the basis of this theorem we obtain some results concerning the coefficients of the Taylor series of infinite products

尾数恰含k个零的正Fibonacci数

根据正Fibonacci数Fn的标准分解式中,因子2和因子5的指数的性质,利用初等数论的知识,讨论了尾数恰含k个零的正Fibonacci数Fn的下标n的特征,并证明了:对于任意大的正整数k,都存在着尾数恰含k个零的正Fibonacci数.     

Sesquitransitive and Localizing Operator Algebras

An algebra of operators on a Banach space X is said to be transitive if X has no nontrivial closed subspaces invariant under every member of the algebra. In this paper we investigate a number of conditions which guarantee that a transitive algebra of operators is “large” in various senses. Among these are the conditions of algebras being localizing or sesquitransitive. An algebra is localizing if there exists a closed ball B ∌ 0 such that for every sequence (x _n ) in B there exists a subsequence and a bounded sequence (A _k ) in the algebra such that converges to a non-zero vector. An algebra is sesquitransitive if for every non-zero z ∈ X there exists C > 0 such that for every x linearly independent of z, for every non-zero y ∈ X, and every there exists A in the algebra such that and ||Az|| ≤ C||z||. We give an algebraic version of this definition as well, and extend Jacobson’s density theorem to algebraically sesquitransitive rings. The second and the third authors were supported by NSERC.