On the endomorphism ring of a module with relative chain conditions

A well-known result of Small states that if M is a noetherian left R-module having endomorphism ring S then any nil subring of S is nilpotent. Fisher [4] dualized this result and showed that if M is left artinian then any nil ideal of S is nilpotent. He gave a bound on the indices of nilpotency of nil subrings of the endomorphism rings of noetherian modules and raised the dual question of whether there are such bounds in the case of artinian modules. He gave an affirmative answer if the module is also assumed to be finitely-generated. Similar affirmative answers for modules with finite homogeneous length were given in [10] and [15]. On the other hand, the nilpotence of certain ideals of the endomorphism rings of modules noetherian relative to a torsion theory has been extensively studied. See [2,6,8,12,15,17]. Jirasko [11] dualized, in some sense, some of the results of [6] to torsion modules satisfying the descending chain conditions with respect to some radical.

In this paper we give a bound of indices of nilpotency on nil subrings of the endomorphism ring of a left R-module which is T-torsionfree with respect to some torsion theory T on R-mod. As a special case, we obtain an affirmative answer to Fisher's question. We also note that our results can be stated in an arbitrary Grothendieck category.     

多项式环的单位和稳定度的注记

称环R为广义2-素环,如果R的幂零元集与上诣零根一致.证明了R上的多项式为单位当且仅当它的常数项是R中的单位而其它系数是幂零的.因此,广义2-素环上的多项式环的稳定度大于一.     

On Influence of Contranormal Subgroups on the Structure of Infinite Groups

Following Rose, a subgroup H of a group G is called contranormal, if G = H ^G . In certain sense, contranormal subgroups are antipodes to subnormal subgroups. It is well known that a finite group is nilpotent if and only if it has no proper contranormal subgroups. However, for the infinite groups this criterion is not valid. There are examples of non-nilpotent infinite groups whose subgroups are subnormal; in paricular, these groups have no contranormal subgroups. Nevertheless, for some classes of infinite groups, the absence of contranormal subgroups implies the nilpotency of the group. The current article is devoted to the search of such classes. Some new criteria of nilpotency in certain classes of infinite groups have been established.     

A NOTE ON LEFT STROUGLY NIL AND LEFT STROUGLY NILPOTENT

Abstract

In [2] van der Walt called a left ideal L of a ring A, left strongly nil, if given 1 ε L and k ε K, K a left ideal. there is an n such that (1+k)ⁿ ε K. L is called left strongly nilpotent if for any left ideal K there exists an m such that (L+K)^m ? K. In this paper we will prove that if A is a left artinian ring (not necessarily with unity) then every left strongly nil left ideal is left strongly nilpotent. This result is a generalization of the main theorem of [2].     

Essentially nilpotent rings

In this note we introduce a class of nil rings (called essentially nilpotent) which properly contains the class of nilpotent rings. A nil ring is said to be essentially nilpotent if it contains an essential right ideal which is nilpotent. Various properties of essentially nilpotent rings are investigated. A nil ring is essentially nilpotent if and only if it contains an essential right ideal which is leftT-nilpotent.     

Nil-Clean Rings with Involution

A *-ring R is called a nil *-clean ring if every element of R is a sum of a projection and a nilpotent.Nil *-clean rings are the *-version of nil-clean rings introduced by Diesl.This paper is about the nil *-clean property of rings with emphasis on matrix rings.We show that a *-ring R is nil *-clean if and only if J(R) is nil and R/J(R) is nil*-clean.For a 2-primal *-ring R,with the induced involution given by (aij)* =(a*ij)T,the nil *-clean property of Mn(R) is completely reduced to that of Mn(Z2).Consequently,Mn(R) is not a nil *-clean ring for n =3,4,and M2(R) is a nil *-clean ring if and only if J(R) is nil,R/J(R) is a Boolean ring and a*-a ∈ J(R) for all a ∈ R.     

π-Armendariz rings relative to a monoid

Let Mbe a monoid. A ring Ris called M-π-Armendariz if whenever α = a₁g₁+ a₂g₂+ · · · + a_ng_n, β = b₁h₁+ b₂h₂+ · · · + b_mh_m ∈ R[M] satisfy αβ ∈ nil(R[M]), then aibj ∈ nil(R) for all i, j. A ring R is called weakly 2-primal if the set of nilpotent elements in R coincides with its Levitzki radical. In this paper, we consider some extensions of M-π-Armendariz rings and further investigate their properties under the condition that R is weakly 2-primal. We prove that if R is an M-π-Armendariz ring then nil(R[M]) = nil(R)[M]. Moreover, we study the relationship between the weak zip-property (resp., weak APP-property, nilpotent p.p.-property, weak associated prime property) of a ring R and that of the monoid ring R[M] in case R is M-π-Armendariz.     

广义模糊幂零矩阵

路代数是加法幂等的半环,它包括了布尔代数,模糊代数,分配格及斜坡.因此布尔矩阵,模糊矩阵,格矩阵及斜矩阵都是路代数上的典型矩阵.广义模糊幂零矩阵指的就是路代数上的幂零矩阵.在2010年,Tan研究了路代数上矩阵的幂零性.在Tan的基础上继续讨论了路代数上幂零矩阵的幂零指数.     

Left conjugacy closed loops of nilpotency class two

Every LCC loop Q with Inn Q abelian is nilpotent class two. A loop Q of nilpotency class two is LCC ? L(x, y) = L(y, x) for all x, y ∈ Q ? ?/Z(Mlt Q) is abelian ? [x, y, z] = [x,z,y] for all x, y, z ∈ Q ? [x, y, z] = [xy, z][x, z]^?1 for all x, y, z ∈ Q. All nilpotent LCC loops of order p² are described, and some of their multiplication groups are computed.     

满足R—左模同态链归纳条件之环

环的链条件已得到深入的研究,其成果相当丰富。许永华曾提出过一种新的链条件,即R—左模同态链归纳条件。此条件完全脱离了以往的链条件的有限性,且是著名的Kthe猜测成立的充分必要条件。本文的目的是要指出:此条件不仅能使Kthe猜想成立,而且还可以得出另一些有意义的结果。我们引进了一个环的Levitzki子集的概念。从而证明了:环R的Levitzki根包含R的任何诣零单侧理想的充分必要条件是R满足每个Levitzki子集上R—左模同态链归纳条件。 本文同时还讨论了Kegel猜测:环R的两个局部幂零子环之和仍为局部幂零的。我们得到的结果是:如果环R=A B,A为R的诣零左理想,B为R的谐零子环,则R是局部幂零的。当且仅当R满足R-L(R)的每一子集上R-左模同态链归纳条件。此处L(R)为R的Levitzki根。 本文所讨论的环都是结合环(不要求有单位元)。没有给出明确定义的术语其意义与[1]相同。     

Group algebras of Lie nilpotency index 12 and 13

Let G be a group and let K be a field of characteristic p>0. Lie nilpotent group algebras of strong Lie nilpotency index up to 11 have already been classified. In this paper, our aim is to classify the group algebras KG which are strongly Lie nilpotent of index 12 or 13.     

Das zariskische Diskriminantenkriterium und die Fortsetzung von Derivationen

Let A be a reduced equidimensional local analytic algebra and let R?A be a regular local “parametrization” of A. Then the Zariski discriminant criterion can be stated as follows: If A is a simple extension of R, i.e. A=R[x] for a certain x, and if the (reduced) discriminant locus S in R of A is smooth, then A is “lipschitz-meromorphically” trivial along S; this means that every derivation of R leaving S invariant can be extended to the relative saturation Ã^R of A over R.- In this paper quite generally (i.e. not only for the case of a simple extension) the following question is considered: Which conditions should a derivation of R satisfy in order that it leaves invariant the ring Ã^R?     

Nilpotency of the multiplicative group of a group ring

It is proven that if K is a commutative ring of characteristic p^m while group G contains p-elements, then the multiplicative group UKG of group ring KG is nilpotent if and only if G is nilpotent and its commutant G is a finite p-group. Those group algebras KG are described for which the nilpotency classes of groups G and UKG coincide.Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 191–200, February, 1972.In conclusion, the author wishes to express her gratitude to A. A. Bovdi for his scientific direction.     

BOUNDS FOR INDICES OF NILPOTENCY OF FINITELY GENERATED NIL RINGS OF FINITE INDEX

Abstract

An improved bound is given for the index of nil-potency of a finitely generated nil ring of index n in terms of the index of nilpotency of the ideal generated by T^m where m = [n/2] and T is a m-subset of the set of generators. If m = 3 it is proved that T¹⁰ is contained in an ideal generated by twenty-seven cubes and this is applied to get bounds for the index of nilpotency of a finitely generated nil ring of index 6 or 7, bounds which are less than one hundredth of the bounds we obtained in a previous paper.     

On the action of derivations on nilpotent ideals of associative algebras

Let I be a nilpotent ideal of an associative algebra A over a field F and let D be a derivation of A. We prove that the ideal I + D(I) is nilpotent if char F = 0 or the nilpotency index I is less than char F = p in the case of the positive characteristic of the field F. In particular, the sum N(A) of all nilpotent ideals of the algebra A is a characteristic ideal if char F = 0 or N(A) is a nilpotent ideal of index < p = char F.     

Constructing Maximal Commutative Subalgebras of Matrix Rings in Small Dimensions

Let k denote an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic. Let C denote the set of all commutative, finite dimensional, local k-algebras of the form (B, m, k) with i(m) ?2. Here i(m) denotes the index of nilpotency of the maximal ideal m. A Akalgebra (R, J,k)∈L is called a (c₁-construction if there exists (B, m, k)∈ £ ? {(k, (0), k)} and a finitely generated, faithful B-module N such that R,?B?(the idealization of N). (R.J.k) is called a (c_2::-construction if there exist a (B,m k)∈ L, a positive integer p $ge;2 and a nonzero z £ S_B(the socle of B) such that R?B[x]/(mX, X^p- z). Let M_n×n(K) denote the set of all n x n matrices, over k with n≥2. Let .M_n(k) denote the set of all maximal, commutative A;-subalgebras of M_n×n(k). In this paper, we show any (R J, k) ∈£?M_n;(k) with n>5 is a C₁ or C₂ -construction except for one isomorphism class. The one exception occurs when n = 5.     

On the Dimension of Nilpotent Algebras

The Eggert conjecture claims that a finite commutative algebra R over a field of prime characteristic p has the property dim Rdim R⁽¹), where R(1) is the subspace of R spanned by the pth powers of elements of R. We obtain results related to this conjecture and results on nilpotent algebras of rather high nilpotency class.     

On Rings Whose Elements are the Sum of a Unit and a Root of a Fixed Polynomial

A ring R with identity is called “clean” if for every element a ? R there exist an idempotent e and a unit u in R such that a = e + u. Let C(R) denote the center of a ring R and g(x) be a polynomial in the polynomial ring C(R)[x]. An element r ? R is called “g(x)-clean” if r = s + u where g(s) = 0 and u is a unit of R and R is g(x)-clean if every element is g(x)-clean. Clean rings are g(x)-clean where g(x) ? (x ? a)(x ? b)C(R)[x] with a, b ? C(R) and b ? a ? U(R); equivalent conditions for (x² ? 2x)-clean rings are obtained; and some properties of g(x)-clean rings are given.     

What lifts?

As is well known, idempotents in any ring R lift modulo any nil idea I. That is, if a ? R and (a₂-a) ? I there is an i ? I with (a + i)²-- (a + i) = 0. An idempotent is a zero of the polynomial x ²?x ², and a nil element satisfies x ⁿfor some n. Seen this way, lifting occurs in considerable generality We assume R has a unit, and handle the non-unital case at the end of this paper.     

Jordan radicals of u-algebras

In this paper we show that strong noncommutative Jordan algebras R over an arbitrary ring of scalars having the alternator mappings y,y,-1 as Jordon derivations are U-algebras, algebras such that U_ablpar;crpar; lies in the Jordan ideal generated by a. For any U-algebra R we relate the radical theories of R and R⁺. Our main result is that any radical property p′ of U-algebras such that P′-radR? p-radR⁺. If p is nondegenerate the P′ is nondegenerate and P′-radR=p-radR⁺. This applies in particular to the McCrimmon, locally nilpotent, nil, Jacobson and Brown-McCoy radicals of Jordan algebras