3-Mercaptopropionic acid-nitrile imine adducts. An unprecedented cyclization into 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2(3H)-ones and -2(3H)-thiones

3-Mercaptopropionic acid-nitrile imine acyclic adducts (6a-c) undergo cyclocondensation with 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole to afford the respective 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-(3H)-ones (7a-c). Corresponding 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2(3H)-thiones (8a-c) were likewise produced from 6a-cand 1,1'-thiocarbonyldiimidazole, with consequent elimination of the propionate moiety. The constitution of these heterocyclic products follows from analytical and spectral data and is confirmed by single crystal X-ray structure determination for 7b.     

Dehydrative cyclocondensation reactions on hydrogen-terminated Si(100) and Si(111): an ex situ tool for the modification of semiconductor surfaces

Dehydrative cyclocondensation processes for semiconductor surface modification can be generally suggested on the basis of well-known condensation schemes; however, in practice this approach for organic functionalization of semiconductors has never been investigated. Here we report the modification of hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces by cyclocondensation. The cyclocondensation reactions of nitrobenzene with hydrogen-terminated Si(100) and Si(111) surfaces are investigated and paralleled with selected cycloaddition reactions of nitro- and nitrosobenzene with Si(100)-2x1. Infrared spectroscopy is used to confirm the reactions and verify an intact phenyl ring and C-N bond in the reaction products as well as the depletion of surface hydrogen. High resolution N 1s X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggests that the major product for both cyclocondensation reactions investigated is a nitrosobenzene adduct that can only be formed following water elimination. Both IR and XPS are augmented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations that are also used to investigate the feasibility of several surface reaction pathways, which are insightful in understanding the relative distribution of products found experimentally. This novel surface modification approach will be generally applicable for semiconductor functionalization in a highly selective and easily controlled manner.     

One‐Pot stereoselective synthesis of trans‐4,5‐dialkoxy‐1,3‐bis (2‐pyrimidinyl)imidazolidines through a three‐component reaction

Stoichiometric reaction of 2‐aminopyrimidine with formaldehyde in the presence of formic acid catalyst in water gave N,N′‐bis(2‐pyrimidinyl)methanediamine ( 5 ). Subsequent cyclocondensation of 5 with glyoxal in alcohol (MeOH, EtOH, PrOH and i‐PrOH) under reflux conditions led to the formation of the corresponding 4,5‐dialkoxy‐1,3‐bis(2‐pyrimidinyl)imidazolidines ( 6a‐d ). 4,5‐Dihydroxy‐1,3‐bis(2‐pyrimidinyl) imidazolidine ( 6e ) was obtained when the reaction was carried out in acetonitrile. Based on ¹H NMR analysis, it was found that the trans‐dialkoxyimidazolidines ( 6 ) were selectively obtained in these cyclocondensation reactions.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 3,7,7-Trimethyl- 1-phenyl-4-（3-nitrophenyl）- 4,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydro-1H-pyrazolo [3,4-b]quinoline-5（6H）-one

The title compound (C25H24N4O3) has been prepared by the cyclocondensation of 5-amino-3-methyl-l-phenypyrazol, m-nitrobenaldehyde and dimedone in glycol under microwave irradiation without catalyst. The crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction to be orthorhombic, space group Pbca with a=16.3331(10), b=13.8329(9), c=19.4163(12) A, V= 4386.8(5)A3, Z=8, Dc=1.298g/cm^3,μ=0.087 mm^-1, F(000)=1808, Mr=428.48, the final R=0.0519 and wR=0.1019. X-ray analysis revealed that the pyridine ring is of boat conformation and the six-membered ring fused with it adopts twist boat conformation.     

Synthesis of novel bis(chromenes) and bis(chromeno[3,4-C]pyridine) incorporating piperazine moiety

Novel bis(2-oxo-2H-chromene) as well as bis(2-imino-2H-chromene) derivatives incorporating piperazine moiety were prepared by the cyclocondensation reaction of bis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) with two equivalents of each of the appropriate β-ketoesters or acetonitrile derivatives. The bis(2-imino-2H-chromene-3-carbothioamide) derivative was used as a key synthon for construction of novel bis(3-(4-substituted thiazol-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one) derivatives via its cyclocondensation with a series of the appropriate α-halocarbonyl derivatives. Moreover, the bis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) reacted with four equivalents of the appropriate acetonitrile derivatives to afford the corresponding bis(3H-chromeno[3,4-c]pyridine) derivatives. Elucidation of the structure of the novel bis(chromenes) bearing piperazine nucleus was established by the spectral data and elemental analyses.     

三氯化铁催化的一锅法合成3,4-二氢嘧啶-2-酮

六水合三氯化铁催化下,β-酮酸酯、芳香醛、脲(1:1:1.5)在无水乙醇中进行环化缩合反应,合成了3,4-二氢嘧啶-2-酮衍生物,改进了Biginelli用盐酸为催化剂的一锅法反应,缩短了反应时间,操作简便,产率高达80%～90%,且Fe^3^+对环境友好。     

Highly regioselective synthesis of 1-aryl-3 (or 5)-alkyl/aryl-5 (or 3)-(N-cycloamino)pyrazoles

[Reaction: see text]. An efficient highly regioselective protocol for the synthesis of isomeric 1,3-diaryl (or 1-aryl-3-alkyl) and 1,5-diaryl (or 1-aryl-5-alkyl)-5 (or 3)-(N-cycloamino)pyrazoles has been reported by cyclocondensation of common alpha-oxoketene N,S-acetal precursors with arylhydrazines by variation of reaction conditions.     

Synthesis of 2-alkenyl-3-(alkoxycarbonyl)furans based on Feist-Benary cyclocondensation of (2,4-dioxobutylidene)phosphoranes with alpha-haloketones and alpha-chloracetaldehyde

3-Acyl-2-alkenylfurans were prepared by "Feist-Benary cyclocondensation" of (2,4-dioxobutylidene)phosphoranes with chloracetaldehyde and alpha-haloketones and subsequent Wittig reactions.     

三氯化铁催化的—锅法合成3,4-二氢嘧啶-2-酮

六水合三氯化铁催化下,β-酮酸酯、芳香醛、脲(1:1:1.5)在无水乙醇中进行环化缩合反应,合成了3,4-二氢嘧啶-2-酮衍生物,改进了Biginelli用盐酸为催化剂的一锅法反应,缩短了反应时间,操作简便,产率高达80％～90％,且Fe~(3 )对环境友好。     

Heteroaromatic annulation of 2-methyl/2-cyanomethylbenzimidazole dianions with alpha-oxoketene dithioacetals: a highly regioselective synthetic protocol for 1,2- and 2,3-substituted/annulated pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles

A highly efficient and regioselective annulation protocol for a series of linearly 2,3- and angularly 1,2-substituted and annulated pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles involving [3 + 3] cyclocondensation of the dianions generated from 2-methyl (2A) and 2-cyanomethyl (3A) benzimidazoles with a variety of alpha-oxoketene dithioacetals has been reported. Thus the dianion 2A derived from 2-methylbenzimidazole has been shown to undergo regioselective 1,2-addition with various alpha-oxoketene dithioacetals derived from acyclic (4a-d) and cyclic ketones (13a,b, 20, 29 and 32) to afford various carbinol acetals which on intramolecular cyclocondensation in the presence of phosphoric acid furnish the corresponding 1-methylthio-2,3-substituted (5a-c) and 2,3-fused linear polycyclic (14a,b,21, 30, and 33) pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles in high yields. Similarly the dianion 3A from 2-cyanomethylbenzimidazole undergoes one-pot conjugate addition-elimination and cyclocondensation with these alpha-oxoketene dithioacetals to give 4-cyano-3-(methylthio)-1(or 1,2-)-substituted (6a-d) and the corresponding angularly 1,2-fused (16a,b, 23, 31, and 34) polycylic analogues of pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles in excellent yields.     

NH(4)OAc Promoted Cyclocondensation of 3-(o-Allylphenyl)pentane-1,5-diones: Synthesis of Tetracyclic Benzofused 1-Azahomoisotwistanes

A facile two-step synthetic route for preparing the novel tetracyclic skeleton of benzofused 2,6-diaryl-1-azahomoisotwistanes 2 had been developed. The route was carried out by a one-pot tandem cross-coupling reaction of o-allylbenzaldehydes 1 with aryl methyl ketones 3, and NH(4)OAc mediated the cascade cyclocondensation reaction of the resulting 1,5-diketones 4 with the 3-o-allylphenyl group in good yield in two steps.     

Dihydropyridine C‐Glycoconjugates by Hantzsch Cyclocondensation. Synthesis of a C(6)‐Glycosylated Nifedipine Analogue

The use of glycosylated reagents in Hantzsch‐type cyclocondensation reactions leading to C‐glycosylated dihydropyridines (DHPs) has been investigated. A three‐component approach with an anomeric sugar aldehyde (galacto, manno, and ribo derivatives), a β‐keto ester, and an aminocrotonate afforded C(4)‐glycosylated DHPs in high yield (70–90%). A two‐component cyclocondensation approach based on different glycosylated β‐amino acrylates (sugar enamines) and an enone derived from the Knoevenagel condensation between benzaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate was followed for the preparation of C(6)‐glycosylated 4‐phenyl‐substituted DHPs in fair yields (60–70%). The latter compounds were obtained as mixtures of diastereoisomers owing to the asymmetric induction of the sugar moiety in the formation of the C(4)‐stereogenic center of the DHP ring. The diastereomer excess of the major products varied from 30 to 60%. The structure of selected compounds was determined by X‐ray crystallography and by chiroptical measurements. The two‐component cyclocondensation method was also employed for the preparation of a C(6)‐ribofuranosyl‐containing analogue of the well‐known hypotensive agent nifedipine.     

Highly efficient solvent-free synthesis of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones and 2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones using tetrabutylammonium bromide as novel ionic liquid catalyst

<正>A simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of 2-arylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones has been developed through cyclocondensation of 2-aminobenzamide with aromatic aldehydes using tetrabutylammonium bromide(TBAB) as novel neutral ionic liquid catalyst in the presence of copper(Ⅱ) chloride(CuCl_2) as oxidizing agent under solvent-free conditions at 100℃.In the absence of CuCl_2 and under a nitrogen atmosphere,the unoxidized intermediates,2-aryl-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones,were isolated. Treatment of these intermediates with CuCl_2 in TBAB media gave the oxidized products 2-arylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones.On the other hand,cyclocondensation of 2-aminobenzamide with aromatic aldehydes in TBAB under microwave irradiation directly gave 2- arylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones.     

A novel strategy for the synthesis of uracil derivatives using bis(pentafluorophenyl)imidodicarbonate

The disclosure herein describes a novel strategy for the synthesis of uracil derivatives via a solvent-free microwave cyclocondensation reaction using bis(pentafluorophenyl)imidodicarbonate.     

The synthesis of trianglimines: on the scope and limitations of the [3 + 3] cyclocondensation reaction between (1R,2R)-diaminocyclohexane and aromatic dicarboxaldehydes

The synthesis of aromatic dicarboxaldehydes, using dilithiation methodology is described along with their reactivity, in the [3 + 3] cyclocondensation reaction, with (1R,2R)-diaminocyclohexane to give trianglimine macrocycles. The scope and limitations of the cyclocondensation reaction are studied and some comments on the properties of the novel macrocycles are made such as their conformation in solution and temperature dependent dynamic NMR behaviour.     

The synthesis of new diastereomers of (4S,8aS)- and (4R,8aS)-4-phenyl-perhydropyrrole[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,3-dione

The synthesis of new (4S,8aS)- and (4R,8aS)-4-phenyl-perhydropyrrole[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,3-diones in the cyclocondensation reaction of the respective derivatives of l-prolineamide is described. The effect of the amount of NaOEt, temperature, and reaction time on the proportions of diastereomers formed in the cyclocondensation reaction was examined. The structures of the diastereomers were confirmed by GC/MS, HRMS, HPLC, XRD, and ¹H and ¹³C NMR investigations.     

Tin (IV) chloride-promoted one-pot synthesis of novel tacrine analogues

A facile synthesis of potential acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, the tacrine analogues 3a-p, has been accomplished by direct cyclocondensation of 1-aryl-4-cyano-5-aminopyrazole with β-ketoesters using tin(IV) chloride as catalyst. The structures of all the compounds have been confirmed by IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR.     

Synthesis of bis(indole)-1,2,4-triazinones

A facile method for the synthesis of para- and meta-substituted bis(indole)-1,2,4-triazinones is presented. Our approach to access these triazinones involves a cyclocondensation reaction between amidrazone and ketoester functionalities. The structures of these interesting compounds were established unambiguously by X-ray crystallography.     

Synthesis and reactivity of 2-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-bromo-1,2-ethanedione-1-arylhydrazones

The novel, highly versatile 2-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-1-bromo-1,2-ethanedione-1-arylhydrazones 3 were prepared and their behavior toward some nucleophiles was investigated. Thus, reaction of 3 with the sodium salt of malononitrile afforded the aminopyrazolecarbonitriles 5 that undergo cyclocondensation with hydrazine, formic acid, and formamide to give the corresponding pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazine 6, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinone 7, and pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine 8 derivatives, respectively. Similarly, reactions of 3 with each of acetylacetone, dibenzoylmethane, and benzoylacetonitrile afforded the corresponding pyrazole derivatives 9, 10, and 11, respectively. The latter products undergo cyclocondensation with hydrazine to afford the corresponding pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazines 12, 13, and 14, respectively. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A de novo enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-laulimalide

An enantioselective total synthesis of the naturally occurring anticancer agent (-)-laulimalide is described. The synthesis is characterized by extensive use of new reaction methodologies based on catalytic asymmetric acyl halide-aldehyde cyclocondensation (AAC) reactions and transformations of the derived enantioenriched beta-lactones. The synthesis also incorporates a unique allenylstannane glycal acetate alkylation and chemoselective ring-closing metathesis reaction.