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1.
Simple mathematical models with two time constants are used to study the dynamics of pressure variation during permeability measurements on dual porosity saturated media. We think that these transient phase dynamic aspects, which Darcy's Law cannot explain, are a macroscopic image of flows in macro and micropores.  相似文献   

2.
Using the finite element method, we study the cyclic single slip of well-oriented ferritic grains at the surface of a polycrystal. We explain some usual observations, such as an increased plastic strain and a reduced number of activated slip systems. But these computations, which do not consider a smoother hardening near the free surface, seem to underestimate the real surface effect.  相似文献   

3.
A salt bridge and a reference electrode for potentiometric titrations are described.  相似文献   

4.
This paper presents some experimental and numerical results about the presence of air bubbles as tracers in a highly turbulent Couette-Taylor flow with a superimposed axial flow and a top free surface. It appears that the air bubbles stand near the inner rotating cylinder, at every alternate boundary, corresponding to the outflow streamlines. © Académie des sciences/Elsevier, Paris  相似文献   

5.
A multilevel method for Large-Eddy Simulation of turbulent unsteady compressible flows is proposed. It relies on the splitting of the turbulent flowfield into several frequency bands in space and time, each band being associated to a computational grid in physical space, allowing to take into account in a deterministic way the information contained on finer grids. A subgrid-scale model adapted to such a decomposition — based on a generalization of the Germano's identity to multilevel decomposition — is also introduced. The approach is validated by a simulation in a subsonic plane channel flow configuration.  相似文献   

6.
This note deals with a process allowing electromagnetic mixing of a conductor fluid in Stokes flow. The flow, which is generated by two inductor wires (arranged around a cylindrical vat), undergoes a rotation. In order to solve analytically this electromagnetic flow, we use a magnetostatic pattern and we replace the dynamics in the electromagnetic layer by a tangential velocity. We superimpose then a periodic rotation on the flow (triangular signal). The investigated parameters are an a dimensional number (τ), which compares the velocities of the rotation and the flow, the inversion's periodicity of the rotation (k) and the distance of the wires from the vat (d). In studying the stretching and scattering of a drop of the fluid, an optimal choice of these parameters is subsequently suggested. Finally, prospects are considered of the possibilities of stationary three-dimensional and mixing.  相似文献   

7.
Electrochemical treatment of waste water containing phenol: a comparative study on lead dioxide and platinum electrodes. The objective of this work was to study the efficiency of the Pb/PbO2 electrode for decomposing the molecule of phenol, then to compare it to a platinum model electrode. Preliminary investigations by cyclic voltammetry showed that the Pb/PbO2 anode presents a good chemical and electrochemical stability and possesses a high oxygen overvoltage. The study also showed that the electrochemical oxidation of phenol on Pt and PbO2 in acidic media is a complex process. Long-time electrolysis was carried out using a three potential-plateau program with different values of the oxidation potentials and different concentrations of phenol. The obtained results showed that the transformation of phenol is total on the Pb/PbO2 anode and that it is partial on Pt. On the other hand an increase in the phenol concentration decreases the rate of its conversion on the electrodes.  相似文献   

8.
9.
Résumé La théorie L.C.A.O. améliorée est appliquée à l'étude des éthers vinylique et divinylique. La grande différence d'électronégativité entre les orbitales atomiques entrant dans la liaison entre l'oxygène et le carbone nous a conduits à introduire la déformation réciproque de ces orbitales. Les énergies calculées pour la première transition N V, 6,5 et 6,3 eV, sont en excellent accord avec l'expérience.
The improved L.C.A.O. theory is applied to the vinyl and divinyl ethers. The large differences of electronegativity between the atomic orbitals which enter the-bond between oxygen and carbon led us to the introduction of the mutual deformation of these orbitals. The calculated energies for the first N V transition, 6,5 and 6,3 eV are in excellent agreement with experiment.

Zusammenfassung Die verbesserte L.C.A.O.-Theorie wird auf Vinyl- und Divinyläther angewandt. Die große Elektronegativitätsdifferenz zwischen den an der-Bindung zwischen Sauerstoff und Kohlenstoff beteiligten Atomzuständen hat uns veranlaßt, die gegenseitige Deformation dieser Zustände einzuführen. Die für die erste N V-Elektronenbande berechneten Energien, 6,5 und 6,3 eV, stimmen ausgezeichnet mit der Erfahrung überein.
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10.
A UV-vis emission spectroscopy study of the flexible molecule, 1,1′-binaphtyl as a function of solvent polarity allows one to obtain information on the excited singlet states. We show the existence of a charge transfer (CT) character state. This CT is evidenced by the solvent polarity effect, the measurement of polarization ratio and finally by comparison of the ratio intensities of phosphorescence and fluorescence.  相似文献   

11.
Long-period pulsating stars represent the last stage in the evolution of stars with a mass in the approximate range 1 to 9 solar masses. These pulsationally-unstable stars are variable stars with large visual amplitude. These pulsations trigger shock waves propagating through the very extended atmosphere, which in the end cause a strong mass loss. Their strong mass loss, coupled with their high frequency in the Galaxy, make these stars major contributors to the interstellar matter. Because these stars are also the site of a rich nucleosynthesis, they play a key role in the chemical evolution of the Galaxy.  相似文献   

12.
Conditions for absolute instability of the elastic walls of a plane channel with potential flow are investigated. The absolute instability threshold is given in closed form in the thin film approximation for walls made of plates or membranes. The more general case is solved numerically and is compared with more classical results for a single wall in the presence of a semi-infinite fluid domain. It is found that absolute instability is strongly influenced by the membrane or plate nature of the wall stiffness.  相似文献   

13.
The expansion of axisymmetric jets and their initial turbulence level are considerably enhanced by using a suction collar of sufficient length around the nozzle and by applying a counterflow near the jet exit. The observed phenomena seem to be due to recirculations generated by the suction in the collar chamber.  相似文献   

14.
Résumé La structure électronique deNO 2 etN 2 O 4 a été étudiée par la méthode des orbitales moléculaires en relation avec le problème de la nature de la liaisonN-N entre les deux groupesNO 2 du dimère plan. La méthode du champ self-consistant simplifiée par les approximations habituelles deParr etPariser sur les intégrales a été employée pour la détermination des orbitales moléculaires occupées par les électrons; un doubletn sur chaque atome d'oxygène a été inclus dans le système d'électrons considéré. Une interaction de configurations extensive a été effectuée dansN 2O4. L'hypothèse selon laquelle la liaisonN-N deN 2 O 4 est une liaison pure sans support ne semble pas pouvoir être acceptée, car elle implique un paramagnétisme incompatible avec les faits expérimentaux.
The electronic structure ofNO 2 andN 2 O 4 has been studied by the MO method in connection with the problem of theN-N bond between the twoNO 2 groups of the planar dimer. The SCF method simplified by the usual approximations ofParr andPariser on the integrals was used to determine the molecular orbitals occupied by the electrons; an n doublet on each oxygen atom has been included in the electronic system considered. An extensive configuration interaction has been carried out onN 2 O 4. The hypothesis after which theN-N bond inN 2 O 4 is a pure bond without a support does not seem to be acceptable because it implies paramagnetism, in disagreement with the experimental facts.

Zusammenfassung Die Elektronenverteilung inNO 2 undN 2 O 4 wurde nach der Methode der Molekülzustände untersucht und in Verbindung damit die Frage nach der Art derN-N-Bindung zwischen den beidenNO 2-Gruppen im ebenen Dimeren erörtert. Die entsprechend den üblichen Näherungen für die Integrale (Parr undPariser) vereinfachte SCF-Methode wurde zur Bestimmung der von den.-Elektronen besetzten Molekülzustände verwandt; einn-Dublett bei jedem Sauerstoffatom wurde in das betrachtete Elektronensystem einbezogen. FürN 2 O 4 berücksichtigten wir eine weitgehende Konfigurationenwechselwirkung. Die Hypothese, wonach dieN-N-Bindung imN 2 O 4 eine reine-Bindung ohne-Anteil ist, erscheint uns nicht annehmbar, da sie einen mit den experimentellen Daten unvereinbaren Paramagnetismus impliziert.


Nous tenons à remercier MonsieurBerthier pour de nombreuses discussions sur ce travail et Monsieur H. v.Hirschhausen pour les modifications qu'il nous a suggérées dans la rédaction de cet article.  相似文献   

15.
The preparation of some alkyltributyltin acetates and thiocarbonates is described. Flash thermolysis of these compounds at high temperature (600-950°C) and under a moderate vacuum, provides a new route to vinyltributyltin derivatives.  相似文献   

16.
The thermolysis curves and infra-red spectra between 6 and 15 μ are given for 12 substances that are used as standards in analytical chemistry.  相似文献   

17.
Based on polarisation curves, one' may forecast in various cases, the utility of the “dead stop” method. Several new examples are given.  相似文献   

18.
The mechanisms driving the multiplicity of multicellular natural convective flows found at the top of narrow horizontal air-filled concentric annuli (the inner cylinder temperature exceeding the outer) are considered. For radius ratio less than R = 1.20, the base flow undergoes an imperfect bifurcation. The two stable branches are characterised.  相似文献   

19.
Résumé La structure électronique de la formamide et de l'urée est étudiée par la méthode L.C.A.O. améliorée. L'énergie de transition N V obtenue pour la formamide (7,3 eV) est en bon accord avec la valeur expérimentale (7,2 eV). La première transition N V de l'urée se situe vers 7,5 eV. Expérimentalement la valeur de celle-ci n'est pas connue, cependant ce résultat paraît correct par comparaison avec les énergies de transition dans la série des dérivés thio correspondants.
The electronic structure of formamide and urea is studied by the improved LCAO method. The N V transition energy obtained for formamide (7,3 ev) agrees well with the experimental value (7,2 ev). The first urea N V transition should lie at 7,5 ev. An experimental value for it is not known, but this result seems to be correct in view of the transition energies in the corresponding thio derivatives.

Zusammenfassung Die Elektronenstruktur des Formamids und des Harnstoffs wird mit Hilfe des verbesserten LCAO-Verfahrens untersucht. Die für den N V-Übergang des Formamids berechnete Energie (7,3 eV) stimmt gut mit dem experimentellen Wert (7,2 eV) überein. Der erste N V-Übergang des Harnstoffs sollte bei 7,5 eV liegen. Ein experimenteller Wert dafür fehlt: jedoch scheint der Wert im Vergleich mit den Anregungsenergien der entsprechenden Thioderivate vernünftig zu sein.
  相似文献   

20.
Résumé L'étude par thermogravimétrie et spectrophotométrie d'absorption infrarouge de 12 substances pouvant servir comme étalons en chimie analytique, révèle que le sulfate de lithium monohydraté, le bichromate de sodium bihydraté, le cobaltinitrite de sodium, le chlorure d'hydrazinium, le sulfate d'hydrazinium, la méthylglucamine et l'acidel-ascorbique sont d'un emploi sûr; il est préférable d'utiliser le chlorure de calcium, le séléniate de sodium, le chromate de sodium et le sulfate de manganèse sous forme anhydre; l'acétate de nickel tétrahydraté ne peut servir directement.
Summary Thermogravimetric and infrared absorption spectrophotometric studies of twelve materials that may serve as standards in chemical analysis show that the following are reliable: lithium sulfate monohydrate, sodium bichromate dihydrate, sodium cobaltinitrite, hydrazinium chloride, hydrazinium sulfate, methylglucamine, ascorbic acid. It is better to use the following in the anhydrous state: calcium chloride, sodium selenate, sodium chromate, manganese sulfate. The tetrahydrate of nickel acetate cannot be employed directly.

Zusammenfassung Thermogravimetrisch und infrarot-spektrophotometrisch wurden zwölf Substanzen untersucht, die in der analytischen Chemie als Eichsubstanzen verwendet werden. Diese Untersuchungen ergaben, daß Lithiumsulfatmonohydrat, Natriumbichromat-Dihydrat, Natriumnitritokobaltiat, Hydrazinchlorhydrat, Hydrazinsulfat, Methylglukamin und L-Ascorbinsäure mit Sicherheit verwendet werden können. Calciumchlorid, Natriumseleniat, Natriumchromat und Mangansulfat verwendet man besser in wasserfreier Form. Nickelacetat-Tetrahydrat ist zur unmittelbaren Verwendung ungeeignet.


Pour le 13ème mémoire de cette série, voir Mikrochim. Acta [Wien]1964, 202.  相似文献   

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