Density,speed of sound,and refractive index measurements for the binary systems (butanoic acid + propanoic acid,or 2-methyl-propanoic acid) at T = (293.15 to 313.15) K

Density, speed of sound, and refractive index for the binary systems (butanoic acid + propanoic acid, or 2-methyl-propanoic acid) were measured over the whole composition range and at T = (293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15) K. The excess molar volumes, isentropic compressibilities, excess isentropic compressibilities, molar refractions, and deviation in refractive indices were also calculated by using the experimental densities, speed of sound, and refractive indices data, respectively. The Redlich–Kister smoothing polynomial equation was used to fit the excess molar volume, excess isentropic compressibility and deviation in refractive index data. The thermodynamic properties have been discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions between the components of the mixtures.     

Thermodynamic and transport properties of (1-Butanol + 1,4-Butanediol) at temperatures from (298.15 to 318.15) K

Densities and kinematic viscosities have been measured for (1-butanol + 1,4-butanediol) over the temperature range from (298.15 to 318.15) K. The speeds of sound within the temperature range from (293.15 to 318.15) K have been measured as well. Using these results and literature values of isobaric heat capacities, the molar volumes, isentropic and isothermal compressibility coefficients, molar isentropic and isothermal compressibilities, isochoric heat capacities as well as internal pressures were calculated. Also the corresponding excess and deviation values (excess molar volumes, excess isentropic and isothermal compressibility coefficients, excess molar isentropic and isothermal compressibilities, different defined deviation speed of sound and dynamic viscosity deviations) were calculated. The excess values are negative over the whole concentration and temperature range. The excess and deviation values are expressed by Redlich–Kister polynomials and discussed in terms of the variations of the structure of the system caused by the participation of the two different alcohol molecules in the dynamic intermolecular association process through hydrogen bonding at various temperatures. The predictive abilities of Grunberg–Nissan and McAllister equations for viscosities of mixtures have also been examined.     

Thermodynamic properties of mixing for (1-alkanol + an-alkane + a cyclic alkane) atT = 298.15 K. I. (n-Hexane + cyclohexane + 1-butanol)

Experimental values of density, refractive index and speed of sound of (hexane  +  cyclohexane  +  1-butanol) were measured at T =  298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. From the experimental data, the corresponding derived properties (excess molar volumes, changes of refractive index on mixing and changes of isentropic compressibility) were computed. Such derived values were correlated using several polynomial equations. Several empirical methods were used in the calculation of the properties of ternary systems from binary data. The Nitta–Chao group contribution model was applied to predict excess molar volume for this mixture.     

Thermodynamic and transport properties of (1,2-ethanediol + 1-nonanol) at temperatures from (298.15 to 313.15) K

Densities and kinematic viscosities have been measured for (1,2-ethanediol + 1-nonanol) over the temperature range from (298.15 to 313.15) K. The speeds of sound in those mixtures within the temperature range from (293.15 to 313.15) K have been measured as well. Using the measurement results, the molar volumes, isentropic compressibility coefficients, molar isentropic compressibilities, and the corresponding excess and deviation values (excess molar volumes, excess isentropic compressibility coefficients, excess molar isentropic compressibilities, differently defined deviations of the speed of sound, and dynamic viscosity deviations) were calculated. The excess Gibbs free energies estimated by the use of the UNIQUAC model are also reported. The excess molar volumes and Gibbs free energies are positive, whereas the compressibility excesses are s-shaped. The excess and deviation values are expressed by Redlich–Kister polynomials and discussed in terms of variations of the structure of the system caused by the participation of two different alcohol molecules in the dynamic intermolecular association process through hydrogen bonding. The effect of temperature is discussed. The predictive abilities of the McAllister equation for viscosities of the mixtures under test have also been examined.     

Excess molar volumes and isentropic compressibility of binary systems {trioctylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethysulfonyl)imide + methanol or ethanol or 1-propanol} at different temperatures

This paper reports measurements of densities for the binary systems of an ionic liquid and an alkanol at T = (298.15, 303.15, and 313.15) K. The IL is trioctylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [OMA]⁺[Tf₂N]^? and the alkanols are methanol, or ethanol, or 1-propanol. The speed of sound at T = 298.15 K for the same binary systems was also measured. The excess molar volumes and the isentropic compressibilities for the above systems were then calculated from the experimental densities and the speed of sound, respectively. Redlich–Kister smoothing polynomial equation was used to fit the excess molar volume and the deviation in isentropic compressibility data. The partial molar volumes were determined from the Redlich–Kister coefficients. For all the systems studied, the excess molar volumes have both negative and positive values, while the deviations in isentropic compressibility are negative over the entire composition range.     

Surface tension,density, and speed of sound for the ternary mixture {diethyl carbonate + p-xylene + decane}

This paper reports the results of a new experimental study of thermophysical properties for the ternary mixture of {diethyl carbonate + p-xylene + decane}. Surface tension has been measured at 298.15 K and, density and speed of sound have been measured in the temperature range T = (288.15 to 308.15) K. Excess molar volumes, excess isentropic compressibilities, and surface tension deviations, have been calculated from experimental data. Surface tension deviations have been correlated with Cibulka equation and Nagata and Tamura equation was used for the other excess properties. Good accuracy has been obtained. These excess magnitudes are discussed qualitatively in terms of the nature and type of intermolecular interactions of the components involved.     

Thermophysical properties for (diethyl carbonate + p-xylene + octane) ternary system

The density and speed of sound of the ternary mixture (diethyl carbonate + p-xylene + octane) have been measured at atmospheric pressure and in the temperature range T = (288.15 to 308.15) K. Besides, surface tension has been also determined for the same mixture at T = 298.15 K. The experimental measurements have allowed the calculation of the corresponding derived properties: excess molar volumes, excess isentropic compressibilities, and surface tension deviations. Excess properties have been correlated using Nagata and Tamura equation and correlation for the surface tension deviation has been done with the Cibulka equation. Good accuracy has been obtained. Based on the variations of the derived properties values with composition, a qualitative discussion about the intermolecular interactions was drawn.     

Density,speed of sound,refractive index and dielectric permittivity of (diethyl carbonate + n -decane) at several temperatures

Density, speed of sound and refractive index values of (diethyl carbonate  + n -decane), were measured at the temperatures (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, and 308.15) K and atmospheric pressure. In addition, dielectric permittivities have been measured for the same mixture and at the same temperatures except at T =  293.15 K. Excess molar volumes, changes of isentropic compressibility on mixing, changes of refractive index on mixing and changes of dielectric permittivity on mixing were computed from the experimental data. The excess molar volumes were compared with predictions from the Nitta–Chao model.     

Thermodynamic properties of (tetradecane + benzene, + toluene, + chlorobenzene, + bromobenzene, + anisole) binary mixtures at T = (298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K

Density ρ, viscosity η, and refractive index n_D, values for (tetradecane + benzene, + toluene, + chlorobenzene, + bromobenzene, + anisole) binary mixtures over the entire range of mole fraction have been measured at temperatures (298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K at atmospheric pressure. The speed of sound u has been measured at T = 298.15 K only. Using these data, excess molar volume V^E, deviations in viscosity Δη, Lorentz–Lorenz molar refraction ΔR, speed of sound Δu, and isentropic compressibility Δk_s have been calculated. These results have been fitted to the Redlich and Kister polynomial equation to estimate the binary interaction parameters and standard deviations. Excess molar volumes have exhibited both positive and negative trends in many mixtures, depending upon the nature of the second component of the mixture. For the (tetradecane + chlorobenzene) binary mixture, an incipient inversion has been observed. Calculated thermodynamic quantities have been discussed in terms of intermolecular interactions between mixing components.     

Measurements of densities,viscosities, speeds of sound and relative permittivities and excess molar volumes,excess isentropic compressibilities and deviations in relative permittivities and molar polarizations for dibutyl ether + benzene, + toluene and + p-xylene at different temperatures

The densities ρ, dynamic viscosities η, speeds of sound u, and relative permittivities ε_r, for (dibutyl ether + benzene, or toluene, or p-xylene) have been measured at different temperatures over the whole composition range and at atmospheric pressure. The mixture viscosities have been correlated with semi empirical equations. Calculations of the speed of sound based on Nomoto’s equation have been found to be close to experimental values for the three mixtures and at two temperatures. Excess functions such as excess molar volumes V_m^E, excess isentropic compressibilities κ_s^E, deviations in relative permittivities δε_r, and molar polarizations δP_m were calculated and fitted to Redlich–Kister type equations.     

Experimental densities,refractive indices,and speeds of sound of 12 binary mixtures containing alkanes and aromatic compounds at T = 313.15 K

Densities, speeds of sound, and refractive indices of 12 binary systems of alkanes (hexane, heptane, octane, and nonane) with aromatics (benzene, or toluene, or ethylbenzene) at T = 313.15 K and at atmospheric pressure were determined over the whole composition range, and are presented in this paper. From the experimental results, the derived and excess properties (isentropic compressibility, excess molar volumes, and excess molar isentropic compressibility) at T = 313.15 K were calculated and satisfactorily fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation.     

Densities,sound velocities,and refractive indexes of (tetralin + n-decane) and thermodynamic modeling by Prigogine–Flory–Patterson model

Mixtures of tetralin (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene), an aromatic cyclic molecule, and n-decane present asymmetries in chemical nature, shape, and chain length, and are frequently found, e.g., in naphtha or kerosene fractions. Aiming at understanding the impact of these asymmetries on some thermophysical properties, this work presents densities, sound velocities, and refractive indexes for this binary system along with the properties of the pure components at T = (293.15, 303.15, 313.15, 323.15, 333.15, and 343.15) K over whole composition range and atmospheric pressure. From these data, the following derived properties were obtained: isentropic compressibility, molar refractivity, excess volume, excess isentropic compressibility, molar refractivity deviations, and thermal expansion coefficient. Several sound velocity mixing rules were tested, and the best result was for Nomoto mixing rule. Pure component densities and sound velocities were correlated with Prigogine–Flory–Patterson (PFP) model. The binary interaction parameter for this model was obtained from correlation of excess volumes and isentropic compressibilities. This model correlated experimental densities very well and correlated reasonably well sound velocities and thermal expansion coefficient.     

Density,refractive index on mixing,and speed of sound of the ternary mixtures (dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate + methanol + toluene) and the corresponding binaries atT = 298.15 K

The density, refractive index on mixing, and speed of sound at T =  298.15 K and atmospheric pressure have been measured over the whole composition range for {dimethyl carbonate (DMC), or diethyl carbonate (DEC)  +  methanol  +  toluene}, (diethyl carbonate  +  methanol), (dimethyl carbonate, or diethyl carbonate  +  toluene), and (methanol  +  toluene). Excess molar volumes, changes of refractive index on mixing and deviations in isentropic compressibility for the above systems have been calculated. Redlich–Kister and Cibulka equations have been used to estimate the binary and ternary fitting parameters and standard deviations from the regression lines are shown. Values of derived and excess properties were estimated and compared by different methods.     

Densities,speeds of sound,and refractive indices of the ternary mixtures (toluene + methyl acetate + butyl acetate) and (toluene + methyl acetate + methyl heptanoate) at 298.15 K

Density, ρ, speed of sound, u, and refractive index, n_D, at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure have been measured over the entire composition range for (toluene + methyl acetate + butyl acetate) and (toluene + methyl acetate + methyl heptanoate) systems. Excess molar volumes, V^E, isentropic compressibility, κ_s, isentropic compressibility deviations, Δκ_s, and changes of refractive index on mixing, Δn_D, for the above systems, have been calculated from experimental data and fitted to Cibulka, Singh et al., and Nagata and Sakura equations, standard deviations from the regression lines are shown. Geometrical solution models, Tsao and Smith, Kholer, Jacob and Fitzner, Rastogi et al. were also applied to predict ternary properties from binary contributions.     

Thermophysical properties of the binary mixtures (1,8-cineole + 1-alkanol) at T = (298.15 and 313.15) K and at atmospheric pressure

This work presents the measurements of the density, speed of sound, refractive index and enthalpy of binary mixtures containing {1,8-cineole + 1-alkanol (ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, and 1-pentanol)} at two temperatures (298.15 and 313.15) K and atmospheric pressure. The determination of excess molar volume, speed of sound deviation, refractive index deviation, molar refraction, molar refraction deviation, excess isentropic compressibility, and excess molar enthalpy are also given. Redlich–Kister equation was used to fit these derivate properties. The experimental data of the constituent binaries were analysed to discuss the nature and strengths of intermolecular interactions. Eventually some models, SAFT and PC-SAFT for density, Free Length and Collision Factor for speed of sound, Gladstone-Dale Arago-Biot for refractive index, and UNIFAC for excess molar enthalpy, among others, were successfully applied.     

Volumetric properties,viscosities and refractive indices of binary liquid mixtures of tetrafluoroborate-based ionic liquids with methanol at several temperatures

Densities, speeds of sound, viscosities and refractive indices of two binary systems 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [bmim][BF₄] + methanol and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [emim][BF₄] + methanol, as well as of all pure components, have been measured covering the whole range of compositions at T = (278.15 to 318.15) K and p = 101 kPa. From this data, excess molar volumes, excess isentropic compressibilities, viscosity deviations and refractive index deviations were calculated and fitted to extended versions of the Redlich–Kister equation. Estimated coefficients of these equations taking into account the dependence on composition and temperature simultaneously were also presented.     

Thermophysical and sonochemical behaviour of binary mixtures of decan-1-ol with halohydrocarbons at (T = 293.15 and 313.15) K

Densities and ultrasonic velocities of binary mixtures of decan-1-ol with 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dibromoethane, and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethene have been measured over the entire range of composition at T = (293.15 and 313.15) K and at atmospheric pressure. From these results, the excess molar volumes, molar free volumes, excess molar isentropic compressibilities, limiting excess partial molar volumes, and isentropic compressibilities, intermolecular free lengths, and available volumes by three methods, thermal expansion coefficients, parameters related to space-filling ability, intermolecular free lengths, and molecular radii have been calculated. The experimental ultrasonic velocities have been analyzed in terms of the ideal mixture relations of Nomoto and Van Dael, Jacobson’s free length, Schaaff’s collision factor, Flory’s statistical, and Prigogine–Flory–Patterson theories and thermoacoustical parameters.     

(Vapour + liquid) equilibria,densities, excess molar volumes,refractive indices,speed of sound for (methanol + allyl acetate) and (vinyl acetate + allyl acetate)

Isobaric (vapour  +  liquid) equilibria were determined atp =  101.3 kPa for {methanol  +  allyl acetate (3-acetoxy-1-propene)} and {vinyl acetate (1-acetoxyethylene)  +  allyl acetate}. The thermodynamic consistency of the experimental data was determined with a modified Dechema test. The activity coefficients were correlated with Margules, van Laar, NRTL, UNIQUAC, Wilson and ASOG. Densities, excess molar volumes, refractive indices, speed sounds and changes of refractive index and speed sound on mixing have been determined at 298.15 K and the results fitted to Redlich–Kister polynomials. Allyl acetate can be a possible solvent for extractive distillation.     

Speeds of sound,densities, isentropic compressibilities of the system (methanol + polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 250) at temperatures from 293.15 to 333.15 K

In this work, our objective is to contribute to the knowledge of the mixtures (alcohol + polyalkyl ether glycol) used in absorption refrigeration systems and heat pumps. The determination of different thermophysical properties is essential to understand the interactions among different molecules in liquid mixtures. Therefore, experimental data of speed of sound and density together with calculated values of isentropic compressibility for the refrigerant-absorbent system (methanol + polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether 250) (or Pegdme 250) have been gathered here over the whole range of composition at temperatures from T=293.15 to 333.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The two previous experimental properties were measured with a digital vibrating tube analyser Anton Paar DSA-48. Also, the excess molar volumes and the increments of the speed of sound and the isentropic compressibility have been determined for each composition and they were fitted to a variable-degree polynomial equation.     

Thermodynamics of (1-alkanol + linear monoether) systems

Densities, ρ, and speeds of sound, u, of systems formed by 1-heptanol, or 1-octanol, or 1-decanol and dibutylether have been measured at a temperature of (293.15, 298.15, and 303.15) K and atmospheric pressure using a vibrating tube densimeter and sound analyser Anton Paar model DSA-5000. The ρ and u values were used to calculate excess molar volumes, V^E, and deviations from the ideal behaviour of the thermal expansion coefficient, Δα_p and of the isentropic compressibilities, Δκ_S. The available database on molar excess enthalpies, H^E, and V^E for (1-alkanol + linear monoether) systems was used to investigate interactional and structural effects in such mixtures. The enthalpy of the OH?O bonds is lower for methanol solutions, and for the remainder systems, it is practically independent of the mixture compounds. The V^E variation with the chain length of the 1-alkanol points out the existence of structural effects for systems including longer 1-alkanols. The ERAS model is applied to the studied mixtures. ERAS represents quite accurately H^E and V^E data using parameters which consistently depend on the molecular structure.