Solutions globales d'un problème de Cauchy linéaire

On résoud le problème de Cauchy pour des opérateurs aux dérivées partielles à coefficients polynomiaux par rapport aux variables d'espace dans des classes de Gevrey projectives. Nos résultats sont des versions globales du théorème de Cauchy-Kowalewski et du théorème de Nagumo.     

Sur les integrales premieres dans la classe de Nilsson d'equations differentielles holomorphes

We study two classes of holomorphic differential equations. The first one is constitued by elements admitting solutions defined in an algebraic way (the so called Liouville class) and the second of elements admitting solutions defined in an analytic way (the Nilsson class). We build up links between these two classes using special properties of the holonomy and its results on the monodromy.

     

Sur la variation,par torsion,des constantes locales d'equations fonctionnelles de fonctionsL

Sans résumé     

Decroissance exponentielle du noyau de la chaleur sur la diagonale (I)

Summary We give examples based upon large deviation's theory where the heat kernel of a degenerate diffusion has an exponential decay over the diagonal. Using Malliavin calculus, we give conditions for a more generalized heat kernel to have an exponential decay over the diagonal. We give lower bound in some particular case by using the Bismut's condition.     

Solutions analytiques globales de problèmes linéaires avec argument absorbant

The aim of this work is the study of the Cauchy problem for a large class of linear operators, non-necessarily kowalevskian, with shrinking argument. We prove the well posedness of this problem in the space of analytic functions with respect to time and Gevrey class with respect to spatial variable. Our tools are based on formal norms of Leray and Waelbroeck [J. Leray, L. Waelbroeck, Norme formelle d'une fonction composée (Préliminaire à l'étude des systèmes non linéaires, hyperboliques non stricts), in: Colloque de Liège, CBRM, 1964, pp. 145-152. [23]], already used in [Cl. Wagschal, Le problème de Goursat non linéaire, J. Math. Pure Appl. 58 (1979) 309-337; D. Gourdin, M. Mechab, Solution globale d'un problème de Cauchy linéaire, J. Funct. Anal. 202 (2003) 123-146].     

Solutions sous-analytiques globales de certaines équations d'Hamilton–Jacobi

In the 1980 Crandall and Lions introduced the concept of viscosity solution in order to get existence and/or unicity results for Hamilton–Jacobi equations. In this Note we focus on the Dirichlet problem for Hamilton–Jacobi equations stemming from calculus of variations, and assert that if the data are analytic then the viscosity solution is moreover subanalytic. We extend this result to generalized eikonal equations, stemming from sub-Riemannian geometry problems. To cite this article: E. Trélat, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 337 (2003).     

Application des inequations quasi-variationnelles a quelques problemes non lineaires de la physique des plasmas

This paper deals with some problems arising in plasma physics. The typical example is the following: where is the (neither local, nor monotone, nor continuous) operator: . Using a quasi-variational approach, we prove the existence of minimal and maximal solutions for a weak form of this problem, involving a multi-valued operator β. Various generalizations are treated.      

Noyau de la chaleur et discretisation d’une variete riemannienne

One considers a bounded geometry non-compact Riemannian manifold, and the graph obtained by discretizing this manifold. One shows that the uniform decay for large time of the heat kernel on the manifold and the decay of the standard random walk on the graph are the same, in the polynomial scale. As a consequence, such a large time behaviour of the heat kernel is invariant under rough isometries.      

Sensibilité de l'équation de la chaleur aux sauts de conductivité

We investigate the differentiability of the solution of the heat equation with respect to the conductivity when this is piecewise continuous. We prove the existence of Lagrangian and punctual differentials and give their respective expressions. Finally, an application to the identification of a discontinuity is presented. Here, we propose an alternative method to the classical fast derivative method, which greatly simplifies the computations. To cite this article: O. Pantz, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 341 (2005).     

Estimation optimale du gradient du semi-groupe de la chaleur sur le groupe de Heisenberg

En utilisant l'inégalité de Poincaré et la formule de représentation, on montre que sur le groupe de Heisenberg de dimension réelle 3, H¹, il existe une constante C>0 telle que :

     

Décroissance exponentielle du noyau de la chaleur sur la diagonale (II)

Summary We give some conditions for the heat kernel to have an asymptotic expansion in small time such that all coefficients vanish, although the phenomenon seems difficult to understand by large deviations theory. The fact that the leading term is not zero is strongly related to Bismut's condition. These examples are related to the Varadhan estimates of the density of a dynamical system submitted to small random perturbations. To understand that type of asymptotic, one must modify the definition of the distance by adding the Bismut condition (unnoticed, but hidden, in classical cases).     

Solutions globales de certaines équations de Fuchs non linéaires dans les espaces de Gevrey

We consider nonlinear partial differential equations with several Fuchsian variables of type , where is a Fuchsian principal part of weight zero. We prove existence and uniqueness of a global solution to this problem in the space of holomorphic functions with respect to the Fuchsian variable and in Gevrey spaces with respect to the other variable . The method of proof is based on the application of the fixed point theorem in some Banach algebras defined by majorant functions that are suitable to this kind of equation.

     

Une famille remarquable de suites recurrentes lineaires

Letu(n) be a recurrent sequence of rational integers, i.e.,u(n+s)+a _s–1 u(n+s–1)+...+a ₀ u(n)=0,n0,a _i,i=0,...,s–1. The polynomialP(x)=x ^s +a _s–1x^s +...+a ₀ is the companion or the characteristic polynomial of the recurrence. It is known that if none of the ratios of the roots ofP is a root of unity, then the setA={n,u(n)=0} is finite. A recent result of F. Beukers shows that ifs=3, then the setA has at most 6 elements and there exists, up to trivial transformations, only one recurrence of order 3 with 6 zeros, found by J. Berstel. In this paper, we construct for eachs, s2 a recurrent sequence of orders, with at leasts ²/2+s/2–1 zeroes, which generalize Berstel's sequence.

     

Bases d'ouverts réguliers et formule de Poisson pour l'équation de la chaleur

Summary Nous donnons une formule de Poisson pour certains polyèdres. Nous résolvons ainsi le problème de Dirichlet pour l'équation de la chaleur dans ces domaines.