Embedding into Rectilinear Spaces

We show that the problem whether a given finite metric space (X,d) can be embedded into the rectilinear space R ^m can be formulated in terms of m -colorability of a certain hypergraph associated with (X,d) . This is used to close a gap in the proof of an assertion of Bandelt and Chepoi [2] on certain critical metric spaces for this embedding problem. We also consider the question of determining the maximum number of equidistant points that can be placed in the m -dimensional rectilinear space and show that this number is equal to 2m for m ≤ 3 . Received March 19, 1996, and in revised form March 14, 1997.     

Convexities and approximative compactness and continuity of metric projection in Banach spaces

In this paper, we investigate the continuities of the metric projection in a nonreflexive Banach space X, which improve the results in [X.N. Fang, J.H. Wang, Convexity and continuity of metric projection, Math. Appl. 14 (1) (2001) 47–51; P.D. Liu, Y.L. Hou, A convergence theorem of martingales in the limit, Northeast. Math. J. 6 (2) (1990) 227–234; H.J. Wang, Some results on the continuity of metric projections, Math. Appl. 8 (1) (1995) 80–84]. Under the assumption that X has some convexities, we discuss the relationship between approximative compactness of a subset A of X and continuity of the metric projection P_A. We also give a representation theorem for the metric projection to a hyperplane in dual space X^∗ and discuss its continuity.     

Asymptotic coarsening of proper metric spaces and index problems

 We introduce an asymptotic coarse structure on proper metric spaces and study the associated C ^* -algebras and assembly maps. We establish an asymptotic Lipschitz homotopy invariance theorem for the K-theory of these C ^* -algebras and the K-homology of the metric space, and show that the assembly map is an isomorphism over an asymptotically scaleable space. Received: 12 July 2001 / Revised version: 29 October 2002 Published online: 3 March 2003 The first author is supported in part by the National Basic Research Project (973), NSF and the Educational Ministry of P. R. China. The second author is supported by the NSF grant 10201007, P. R. China, and a grant from Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, No. 01ZA14003. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): Primary 46L80     

The Velling-Kirillov metric on the universal Teichmüller curve

We extend Velling's approach and prove that the second variation of the spherical areas of a family of domains defines a Hermitian metric on the universal Teichmüller curve, whose pull-back to Diff +(S ¹)/S ¹ coincides with the Kirillov metric. We call this Hermitian metric the Velling-Kirillov metric. We show that the vertical integration of the square of the symplectic form of the Velling-Kirillov metric on the universal Teichmüller curve is the symplectic form that defines the Weil-Petersson metric on the universal Teichmüller space. Restricted to a finite dimensional Teichmüller space, the vertical integration of the corresponding form on the Teichmüller curve is also the symplectic form that defines the Weil-Petersson metric on the Teichmüller space.     

On symmetric basic sequences in Lorentz sequence spaces

We examine the symmetric basic sequences in some classes of Banach spaces with symmetric bases. We show that the Lorentz sequence spaced(a,p) has a unique symmetric basis and every infinite dimensional subspace ofd(a,p) contains a subspace isomorphic tol ^p. The symmetric basic sequences ind(a,p) are identified and a necessary and sufficient condition for a Lorents sequence space with exactly two nonequivalent symmetric basic sequences in given. We conclude by exhibiting an example of a Lorentz sequence space having a subspace with symmetric basis which is not isomorphic either to a Lorentz sequence space or to anl ^p-space. This is part of the first author's Ph. D. thesis, prepared at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem under the supervision of Dr. L. Tzafriri.     

Vanishing geodesic distance for the Riemannian metric with geodesic equation the KdV-equation

The Virasoro-Bott group endowed with the right-invariant L ²-metric (which is a weak Riemannian metric) has the KdV-equation as geodesic equation. We prove that this metric space has vanishing geodesic distance.     

Multiplication Operators on the Lipschitz Space of a Tree

In this paper, we study the multiplication operators on the space of complex-valued functions f on the set of vertices of a rooted infinite tree T which are Lipschitz when regarded as maps between metric spaces. The metric structure on T is induced by the distance function that counts the number of edges of the unique path connecting pairs of vertices, while the metric on ℂ is Euclidean. After observing that the space L{\mathcal{L}} of such functions can be endowed with a Banach space structure, we characterize the multiplication operators on L{\mathcal{L}} that are bounded, bounded below, and compact. In addition, we establish estimates on the operator norm and on the essential norm, and determine the spectrum. We then prove that the only isometric multiplication operators on L{\mathcal{L}} are the operators whose symbol is a constant of modulus one. We also study the multiplication operators on a separable subspace of L{\mathcal{L}} we call the little Lipschitz space.     

Embedding metric spaces into normed spaces and estimates of metric capacity

Let M^d{\cal M}^d be an arbitrary real normed space of finite dimension d ≥ 2. We define the metric capacity of M^d{\cal M}^d as the maximal m ? \Bbb Nm \in {\Bbb N} such that every m-point metric space is isometric to some subset of M^d{\cal M}^d (with metric induced by M^d{\cal M}^d ). We obtain that the metric capacity of M^d{\cal M}^d lies in the range from 3 to ë\frac32d û+1\left\lfloor\frac{3}{2}d\right\rfloor+1 , where the lower bound is sharp for all d, and the upper bound is shown to be sharp for d ∈ {2, 3}. Thus, the unknown sharp upper bound is asymptotically linear, since it lies in the range from d + 2 to ë\frac32d û+1\left\lfloor\frac{3}{2}d\right\rfloor+1 .     

Blow up of balls and coverings in metric spaces

We obtain some refinements and extensions of the Basic Covering Theorem in a metric space (X, ρ). The properties of the metric ρ are used to define an inclusion coefficient k in this theorem, and this is related to the supremum of numbers t such that ρ ^t is a metric in X. The inclusion coefficient k characterizes ultrametric spaces.     

On completion of fuzzy metric spaces

Completions of fuzzy metric spaces (in the sense of George and Veeramani) are discussed. A complete fuzzy metric space Y is said to be a˜fuzzy metric completion of a˜given fuzzy metric space X if X is isometric to a˜dense subspace of Y. We present an example of a˜fuzzy metric space that does not admit any fuzzy metric completion. However, we prove that every standard fuzzy metric space has an (up to isometry) unique fuzzy metric completion. We also show that for each fuzzy metric space there is an (up to uniform isomorphism) unique complete fuzzy metric space that contains a˜dense subspace uniformly isomorphic to it.     

Entropy,Approximation Quantities and the Asymptotics of the Modulus of Continuity

The paper deals with the approximation of bounded real functions f on a compact metric space (X, d) by so-called controllable step functions in continuation of [Ri/Ste]. These step functions are connected with controllable coverings, that are finite coverings of compact metric spaces by subsets whose sizes fulfil a uniformity condition depending on the entropy numbers ε_n(X) of the space X. We show that a strong form of local finiteness holds for these coverings on compact metric subspaces of IR^m and S^m. This leads to a Bernstein type theorem if the space is of finite convex information. In this case the corresponding approximation numbers ε_n(f) have the same asymptotics its ω(f, ε_n(X)) for f ε C(X). Finally, the results concerning functions f ε M(X) and f ε C(X) are transferred to operators with values in M(X) and C(X), respectively.     

关于连续映射半群拓扑熵的一点注记

本文研究了度量空间中连续映射构成半群的拓扑熵.利用Patr′ao~([8])的方法,给出了度量空间中两种有限个连续映射构成的半群的拓扑d-熵的定义,比较了两种拓扑d-熵的大小.证明了局部紧致可分度量空间上有限个真映射构成的半群的拓扑d-熵和它的一点紧化空间上对应的拓扑熵相等.上面结果推广了Patr′ao的相应结论.     

Stability problems in a theorem of F. Schur

Schur's theorem states that an isotropic Riemannian manifold of dimension greater than two has constant curvature. It is natural to guess that compact almost isotropic Riemannian manifolds of dimension greater than two are close to spaces of almost constant curvature. We take the curvature anisotropy as the discrepancy of the sectional curvatures at a point. The main result of this paper is that Riemannian manifolds in Cheeger's class ℜ(n,d,V,A) withL ₁-small integral anisotropy haveL _p-small change of the sectional curvature over the manifold. We also estimate the deviation of the metric tensor from that of constant curvature in theW _p ² -norm, and prove that compact almost isotropic spaces inherit the differential structure of a space form. These stability results are based on the generalization of Schur' theorem to metric spaces.     

Remarques sur un article de Israel Aharoni sur les prolongements lipschitziens dansc 0

We give a purely metric proof of the following result: let (X,d) be a separable metric space; for all ?>0 there is an injectionf ofX inC ₀ ⁺ such that: $$\forall x,y \in X,d(x, y) \leqq \parallel f(x) - f(y)\parallel _\infty \leqq (3 + \varepsilon )d(x, y).$$ It is a more precise version of a result of I. Aharoni. We extend it to metric space of cardinal α⁺ (for infinite α).     

Hypersurfaces in Hn and the space of its horospheres

A classical theorem, mainly due to Aleksandrov [Al2] and Pogorelov [P], states that any Riemannian metric on S ² with curvature K > —1 is induced on a unique convex surface in H ³ . A similar result holds with the induced metric replaced by the third fundamental form. We show that the same phenomenon happens with yet another metric on immersed surfaces, which we call the horospherical metric.?This result extends in higher dimensions, the metrics obtained are then conformally flat. One can also study equivariant immersions of surfaces or the metrics obtained on the boundaries of hyperbolic 3-manifolds. Some statements which are difficult or only conjectured for the induced metric or the third fundamental form become fairly easy when one considers the horospherical metric, which thus provides a good boundary condition for the construction of hyperbolic metrics on a manifold with boundary.?The results concerning the third fundamental form are obtained using a duality between H ³ and the de Sitter space . In the same way, the results concerning the horospherical metric are proved through a duality between H ⁿ and the space of its horospheres, which is naturally endowed with a fairly rich geometrical structure. Submitted: March 2001, Revised: November 2001.     

Fatou's Lemma for Gelfand Integrable Mappings

We provide a version of Fatou's lemma for mappings taking their values in E ^*, the topological dual of a separable Banach space. The mappings are assumed to be Gelfand integrable, a difference with previous papers, which, in infinite dimensional spaces, are mainly considering Bochner integrable mappings. This result is motivated by a general equilibrium model with locations studied by Cornet and Medecin (1999) and directly applies to it, since the space E ^* considered by Cornet and Medecin is the space of (Radon) vector measures defined on a compact metric space.     

Metric Projections and Polyhedral Spaces

We prove that if X is a Banach space and Y is a proximinal subspace of finite codimension in X such that the finite dimensional annihilator of Y is polyhedral, then the metric projection from X onto Y is lower Hausdorff semi continuous. In particular this implies that if X and Y are as above, with the unit sphere of the annihilator space of Y contained in the set of quasi-polyhedral points of X ^*, then the metric projection onto Y is Hausdorff metric continuous. Partially supported under project DST/INT/US-NSF/RPO/141/2003.     

Hyperbolic rank and subexponential corank of metric spaces

We introduce a new quasi-isometry invariant corank X of a metric space X called subexponential corank. A metric space X has subexponential corank k if roughly speaking there exists a continuous map , T is a topological space, such that for each the set g ^-1(t) has subexponential growth rate in X and the topological dimension dimT = k is minimal among all such maps. Our main result is the inequality for a large class of metric spaces X including all locally compact Hadamard spaces, where rank _h X is the maximal topological dimension of among all CAT(—1) spaces Y quasi-isometrically embedded into X (the notion introduced by M. Gromov in a slightly stronger form). This proves several properties of rank _h conjectured by Gromov, in particular, that any Riemannian symmetric space X of noncompact type possesses no quasi-isometric embedding of the standard hyperbolic space H ⁿ with . Submitted: February 2001, Revised: October 2001.     

Embedding metric spaces in the rectilinear plane: A six-point criterion

We show that a metric space embeds in the rectilinear plane (i.e., isL ¹-embeddable in ℝ²) if and only if every subspace with five or six points does. A simple construction shows that for higher dimensionsk of the host rectilinear space the numberc(k) of points that need to be tested grows at least quadratically withk, thus disproving a conjecture of Seth and Jerome Malitz.