Sn-Zn-Fe复合氧化物气敏材料的制备与气敏性能

在材料的合成与制备、组成与结构、性能及使用效能四者之间存在着强烈的相互依赖关系[1 ] 。一种材料的性质与其组成及结构息息相关 ,而组成与结构又是合成和制备的结果。合成与制备是提高材料质量的关键 ,也是开发新材料、新器件的中心环节。鉴于此 ,本文在前面工作[2～ 4] 的基础上 ,应用正交试验方法[5] ,探讨ｐＨ值、温度、搅拌速度三共沉淀反应条件对Ｓｎ Ｚｎ Ｆｅ复合氧化物气敏性能的影响。1　实验部分1 1　敏感材料的制备按表 1设计的正交试验方案 ,取物质的量相同的Ｓｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ氯化物混合液 ,在不同温度、搅拌速度条件下 ,…     

WO3基气敏材料研究进展

综述了近年来国内外对WO3基气敏材料的研究状况,对制备工艺、防团聚技术、掺杂效应及气敏机理等进行了分析比较,并对今后的研究方向提出了一些看法。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备In-Cd纳米复合氧化物及其气敏性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了In20rCdln2O4和CdO-Cdln2O4纳米复合氧化物,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对复合材料的形貌和结构进行表征,并对其进行了乙醇、丙酮等多种气体的气敏性能测试.结果表明Cdln2O4材料复合h12O3和CdO后显著提高了对丙酮和乙醇气体的灵敏度和选择性.     

基于半导体纳米SnO_2构建的气敏传感器的应用研究进展

SnO2是传统的气敏材料,由于其具有间隙锡离子和氧空位的特性,使得气体更容易吸附在材料表面,从而显示出更好的气敏性质.通过把SnO2进行贵金属附载掺杂和多种气敏性半导体氧化物的复合,探讨了一系列性能良好的气敏传感器,阐述了SnO2气敏传感的最新进展.     

金属氧化物半导体气敏材料抗湿性能提升策略

金属氧化物半导体气体传感器是目前研究和应用最为广泛的气体传感器之一,具有高灵敏、长寿命和低成本等优点。然而,金属氧化物半导体气敏材料在湿润环境中会与水蒸气发生相互作用,导致传感器的基线电阻发生漂移,气敏性能受到显著影响,成为传感器应用中面临的瓶颈问题。针对该问题,研究者们从抑制水的表面吸附、水与氧的竞争吸附及调控水与吸附氧的反应三个方面开发了一些金属氧化物半导体气敏材料的抗湿性能提升策略,从而提升金属氧化物半导体气敏材料的抗湿性。本文对水蒸气的影响机理进行了分析,对三类抗湿提升策略的未来发展提出展望,有望为金属氧化物半导体气敏材料抗湿性能的提升提供解决思路与方法指导。     

稀土掺杂γ—Fe2O3气敏材料研究

采用化学共沉淀法合成了具有良好气敏特性的γ—Fe_2O_3微粉。通过稀土掺杂使γ—Fe_2O_3的显微结构得到改善,相转变温度得到提高,进而改善了γ-Fe_2O_3气敏材料的稳定性,提高了气体检测灵敏度。另外,不同稀土元素的掺杂使γ—Fe_2O_3气敏材料的气敏选择性得到改善。     

WO_3基气敏材料研究进展

综述了近年来国内外对WO3 基气敏材料的研究状况 ,对制备工艺、防团聚技术、掺杂效应及气敏机理等进行了分析比较 ,并对今后的研究方向提出了一些看法     

Sol-Gel法制备钙钛矿型复合氧化物YFeO~3气敏材料

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了YFeO~3气敏材料,并对其制备条件,导电行为和气敏效应作了系统研究,结果表明：铁钇物质的量之比n(Fe^3^+):n(Y^3^+)=1:1,800℃下热处理2h可得纯相钙钛矿型复合氧化物YFeO~3;电导测量显示,该材料呈p型半导体导电行为。2h预烧凝胶粉在800℃下热处理3h所得微粉制作的元件的电导突变温度为400℃,对乙醇有较高的灵敏度和良好的选择性,有望开发为一类新型酒敏传感器。     

几种尖晶石型氧化物纳米粉体的制备及气敏性

采用化学共沉淀法合成了４种尖晶石型复合氧化物ＭＦｅ２Ｏ４（Ｍ＝Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋，Ｃｄ＾２＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋），Ｘ射线粉末衍射分析，透射电镜及比表面测定等表征结果表明它们均具较大比表面积的纳米粉体，平均粒径〈５０ｎｍ，将样品做成厚膜型气敏元件，测定了其对乙炔，液化石油气，一氧化碳、氢气和乙醇等还原（可燃）性气体的气敏特性。     

Organolithium complex as a gas sensing material for oxides from ab initio calculations and molecular dynamics simulations

Gas sensing study of C₂H₄Li complex toward oxides viz. CO, CO₂, NO, NO₂, SO, and SO₂ gas molecules has been carried out using ab initio method. Different possible configurations of gas molecule adsorption on C₂H₄Li complex are considered. The structural parameters of most stable configuration of gas molecule adsorbed complexes are thoroughly analysed. Electronic properties are studied using total density of states (DOS) plot. Charge transferred between the gas molecule and the substrate is studied using NBO charge analysis. Gas sensing of all the six gas molecules is possible at ambient conditions. Atom centred density matrix propagation (ADMP) molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that all the gas molecules remain adsorbed on C₂H₄Li complex at room temperature during the simulation. This study suggests that the C₂H₄Li complex acts as a novel gas sensing material for CO, CO₂, NO, NO₂, SO, and SO₂ gas molecules at ambient conditions, below room temperature as well as at high pressure.     

钙钛矿型复合氧化物光催化研究进展

扼要叙述了钙钛矿型复合氧化物(ABO3)作为光催化剂的研究进展。包括结构,机理,制备,改性和研究现状。强调了结构与性能之间的关系并对其研究方向提出了自己的见解。     

Ordered porous metal oxide semiconductors for gas sensing

This review gives a comprehensive summary about the porous metal oxides with focus on the synthesis methods, structure related properties, as well as the modification strategies for gas sensing improved performances.     

有机半导体荧光传感材料及危险化学品检测应用

荧光传感材料作为有机半导体光电功能材料的重要组成之一,以其灵敏度高、选择性强、响应速度快等优势,成为当前化学传感领域的一个研究热点,近年来在反恐、禁毒等领域有着广泛的应用.然而目前,对荧光敏感材料各项性能参数的设计与优化,依然存在着经验性问题,需要基于构效结合思维,从待测物质的分子层次的物性认知出发,更有针对性地设计相应的传感材料.本文基于国内外前沿工作,结合本课题组多年在危险化学品荧光传感方向的经验,以爆炸物、神经毒剂和合成毒品的检测为例,对荧光敏感材料的设计原则和传感的分子级微观作用机制进行了系统论述.     

Reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia over complex vanadium and chromium oxides

Catalytic properties of -Al₂O₃ -supported complex vanadium and chromium oxides V_2–x Cr _x O_5– (0 < × s 1.3), amorphous to X-rays, in the reduction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia were studied. Vanadium exists in these catalysts mostly in a pentavalent state and chromium exists as Cr³⁺ and Cr⁶⁺. As the content of chromium in the catalysts increases, the optimal temperature of the process decreases, and the degree of conversion of nitrogen oxides increases.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 339–342, February, 1996.     

Controllable synthesis of highly crystallized mesoporous TiO_2/WO_3 heterojunctions for acetone gas sensing

Mesoporous semiconducting metal oxides(SMOs) heterojunctions are appealing sensors for gas detecting.However,due to the different hydrolysis and condensation mechanism of every metal precursor and the contradiction between high crystallinity and high surface area,the synthesis of mesoporous SMOs heterojunctions with highly o rdered mesostructures,highly crystallized frameworks,and high surface area remains a huge challenge.In this work,we develop a novel "acid-base pair"adjusted solvent evaporation induced self-assembly(EISA) strategy to prepare highly crystallized ordered mesoporous TiO_2/WO_3(OM-TiO_2/WO_3) heterojunctions.The WCl_6 and titanium isopropoxide(TIPO) are used as the precursors,respectively,which function as the "acid-base pair",enabling the coassembly with the structure directing agent(PEO-b-PS) into highly ordered meso structures.In addition,PEO-b-PS can be converted to rigid carbon which can protect the meso structures from collapse during the crystallization process.The resultant OM-TiO_2/WO_3 heterojunctions possess primitive cubic mesostructures,large pore size(～21.1 nm),highly crystalline frameworks and surface area(～98 m~2/g).As a sensor for acetone,the obtained OM-TiO_2/WO_3 show excellent re sponse/recovery perfo rmance(3 s/5 s),good linear dependence,repeatability,selectivity,and long-term stability(35 days).     

复合氧化物光催化研究进展

综述了ABO3钙钛矿复合氧化物及以TiO2为基础的复合氧化物的光催化研究进展，探讨了光催化降解机理、光催化剂的应用，影响光催化效率的因素及提高光催化性能的途径等方面的内容，并展望了今后的工作重点及发展方向。     

Two-dimensional mesoporous sensing materials

Two-dimensional mesoporous materials combing ultrathin nanosheet morphology with well-defined mesoporous structures,are now emerging and becoming increasingly important for their promising applications in energy storage,electronic devices,electrocatalysts and so on.Here,we synthesized a kind of polypyrrole-based two-dimensional mesoporous materials with uniform pore size,ultrathin thickness and high surface area.Serving for electrochemical NH3 sensor,they exhibited a fast response and high sensitivity.Therefore,our study would promote much interest in design of new materials for gas sensor applications.     

Synthesis and properties of nanosized tin-zinc composite oxides as lithium storage materials

After preparing the precursor by a liquid precipitation method, a series of tin-zinc composite oxides with different components and structures were synthesized as the anode materials for lithium ion batteries when the precursor was pyrolyzed at different temperatures. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrochemical measurements. The reversible capacity of amorphous ZnSnO₃ is 844 mA · h/g in the first cycle and the charge capacity is 695 mA · h/g in the tenth cycle. The reversible capacity of ZnO · SnO₂ is 845 mA · h/g in the first cycle and the charge capacity is 508 mA · h/g in the tenth cycle. The reversible capacity of SnO₂ · Zn₂SnO₄ is 758 mA · h/g in the first cycle and the charge capacity is 455 mA · h/g in the tenth cycle. Results show that amorphous ZnSnO₃ exhibits the best electrochemical property among all of the tin-zinc composite oxides. With the formation of crystallites in the samples, the electrochemical property of the tin-zinc composite oxides decreases. Translated from Chem J Chin Univ, 2006, 27(12): 2252–2255 [译自: 高等学校化学学报]