The K_2-groups over Finaite Commutative Rings

The present note determines the structure of the K2-group and of its subgroup over a finite commutative ring R by considering relations between R and finite commutative local ring Ri (1 < i < m), where R Ri and K2(R) = K2(Ri). We show that if charKi= p (Ki denotes the residual field of Ri), then K2(Ri) and its subgroups must be p-groups.     

Finite Rings Whose Graphs Have Clique Number Less than Five

Let R be a commutative ring and Г(R) be its zero-divisor graph.We com-pletely determine the structure of all finite commutative rings whose zero-divisor graphs have clique number one,two,or three.Furthermore,if R≌ Ri × R2 × … Rn (each Ri is local for i =1,2,3,…,n),we also give algebraic characterizations of the ring R when the clique number of r(R) is four.     

The new theory of ultrametric spaces

Conclusion Hopefully, this presentation of the general theory of ultrametric spaces may already hint of the interest of this study. Detailed proofs may be found in [Pr-Cr, Ri1], [Pr-Cr, Ri2].Dedicated to my friend László Fuchs on his 70th birthday     

基于基尼系数的区域创新投入产出熵权TOPSIS匹配性评价分析

采用匹配基尼系数对我国创新系统投入产出匹配性程度进行了测算。通过构建基于基尼系数的TOPSIS熵权评价模型,对我国大陆31个省市自治区的创新投入产出匹配性进行了评价,对各地区投入产出匹配性评价值聚类分析。研究结果表明我国创新系统投入产出呈现出不匹配的状态,形成了京津、长江三角洲和珠江三角洲三个极化区域。研究结果验证了本文构建模型的可行性和合理性,为区域创新投入产出的研究提供了新的思路。     

Sufficient Descent Riemannian Conjugate Gradient Methods

This paper considers sufficient descent Riemannian conjugate gradient methods with line search algorithms. We propose two kinds of sufficient descent nonlinear conjugate gradient method and prove that these methods satisfy the sufficient descent condition on Riemannian manifolds. One is a hybrid method combining a Fletcher–Reeves-type method with a Polak–Ribière–Polyak-type method, and the other is a Hager–Zhang-type method, both of which are generalizations of those used in Euclidean space. Moreover, we prove that the hybrid method has a global convergence property under the strong Wolfe conditions and the Hager–Zhang-type method has the sufficient descent property regardless of whether a line search is used or not. Further, we review two kinds of line search algorithm on Riemannian manifolds and numerically compare our generalized methods by solving several Riemannian optimization problems. The results show that the performance of the proposed hybrid methods greatly depends on the type of line search used. Meanwhile, the Hager–Zhang-type method has the fast convergence property regardless of the type of line search used.

     

Derived dynkin extensions

The finite dimensional tame hereditary algebras are associated with the extended Dynkin diagrams. An indecomposable module over such an algebra is either preprojective or preinjective or lies in a family of tubes whose tubular type is the corresponding Dynkin diagram. The study of one-point extensions by simple regular modules in such tubes was initiated in [Ri].

We generalise this approach by starting out with algebras which are derived equivalent to a tame hereditary algebra and considering one-point extensions by modules which are simple regular in tubes in the derived category. If the obtained tubular type is again a Dynkin diagram these algebras are called derived Dynkin extensions.

Our main theorem says that a representation infinite algebra is derived equivalent to a tame hereditary algebra iff it is an iterated derived Dynkin extension of a tame concealed algebra. As application we get a new proof of a theorem in [AS] about domestic tubular branch enlargements which uses the derived category instead of combinatorial arguments.     

A Note on Well-posed Problems

A recent result by Ricceri [Ri] states that a ${C^{1,1}_{loc}}$ function ${f : X \to {\mathbb R}}$ , where X is a Hilbert space, attains its minimum on any small closed ball around a point where its derivative does not vanish, and that the unique minimum point belongs to the boundary of the ball. The proof is based on a saddle-point theorem. We show that the result, which we extend to Banach spaces having a norm with modulus of convexity of power type 2, can be obtained by means of a purely variational argument.     

具分布时滞的一类Logistic方程的周期正解

利用重合度定理,建立了下面具分布时滞的Logistic方程x'(t)=x(t)∑ni=1ri(t)1-(1)/(K(t))∫t-∞x(s)dsRi(t,s)正周期存在的充分条件.其中ri(t),K(t)和Ri(t,s)是以ω＞0为周期的正周期函数.     

Transitions in a stratified Kolmogorov flow

We study the Kolmogorov flow with weak stratification. We consider a stabilizing uniform temperature gradient and examine the transitions leading the flow to chaotic states. By solving the equations numerically we construct the bifurcation diagram describing how the Kolmogorov flow, through a sequence of transitions, passes from its laminar solution toward weakly chaotic states. We consider the case when the Richardson number (measure of the intensity of the temperature gradient) is \(Ri=10^{-5}\), and restrict our analysis to the range \(0<Re<30\). The effect of the stabilizing temperature is to shift bifurcation points and to reduce the region of existence of stable drifting states. The flow reaches chaotic configurations through two different routes, one involving drifting states, the other involving a gluing bifurcation. Along the latter route we observe, as the precursor to chaotic states, a period tripling bifurcation.     

Classes of improved estimators for parameters of a Pareto distribution

The problem of estimating parameters of a Pareto distribution is investigated under a general scale invariant loss function when the scale parameter is restricted to the interval (0, 1]. We consider the estimation of shape parameter when the scale parameter is unknown. Techniques for improving equivariant estimators developed by Stein, Brewster–Zidek and Kubokawa are applied to derive improved estimators. In particular improved classes of estimators are obtained for the entropy loss and a symmetric loss. Risk functions of various estimators are compared numerically using simulations. It is also shown that the technique of Kubokawa produces improved estimators for estimating the scale parameter when the shape parameter is known.     

A compactness result for periodic multivortices in the electroweak theory

We derive a priori uniform bounds for solutions of an elliptic system of Liouville-type equations, first analyzed by J. Spruck and Y. Yang (Comm. Math. Phys. 144 (1992) 1), yielding periodic multivortices in the classical electroweak theory of Glashow–Salam–Weinberg. Our proof is based on a concentration–quantization result, in the same spirit of Brezis–Merle (Comm. Partial Differential Equations 16 (8,9) (1991) 1223) and Li–Shafrir (Indiana Univ. Math. J. 43 (4) (1994) 1255), for mean field equations on Riemannian compact 2-manifolds.     

一类Hopfield神经网络系统的全局渐近稳定性

研究变系数具有连续分布时滞的Hopfield神经网络系统Ci(t)dxi/dt=-xi(t)/Ri(t) ∑j=1^nWij(t)fj[∫o^∞kj(s)xj(t-s)ds ] Ii(t)的全局渐近稳定性,获得了一个充分条件。     

Asymptotic expansions of integrals of two Bessel functions via the generalized hypergeometric and Meijer functions

Asymptotic expansions of certain finite and infinite integrals involving products of two Bessel functions of the first kind are obtained by using the generalized hypergeometric and Meijer functions. The Bessel functions involved are of arbitrary (generally different) orders, but of the same argument containing a parameter which tends to infinity. These types of integrals arise in various contexts, including wave scattering and crystallography, and are of general mathematical interest being related to the Riemann—Liouville and Hankel integrals. The results complete the asymptotic expansions derived previously by two different methods — a straightforward approach and the Mellin-transform technique. These asymptotic expansions supply practical algorithms for computing the integrals. The leading terms explicitly provide valuable analytical insight into the high-frequency behavior of the solutions to the wave-scattering problems.     

On curves of genus 2 with Jacobian of GL2-type

Ribet [Ri] has generalized the conjecture of Shimura–Taniyama–Weil to abelian varieties defined over Q,giving rise to the study of abelian varieties of GL₂-type. In this context, all curves over Q of genus one have Jacobian variety of GL₂-type. Our aim in this paper is to begin with the analysis of which curves of genus 2 have Jacobian variety of GL₂-type. To this end, we restrict our attention to curves with rational Rosenhain model and non-abelian automorphism group, and use the embedding of this group into the endomorphism algebra of its Jacobian variety to determine if it is of GL₂-type. Received: 31 March 1998 / Revised version: 29 June 1998     

一般形式的一阶椭圆型偏微分方程组拟线性Riemann-Hilbert问题

在文［ｌ，２，３］中，Ｅ．Ｗｅｇｅｒｔ和Ｌ．Ｖ．Ｗｏｌｆｅｒｓｄｏｒｆ等人讨论了一类全纯函数的拟线性Ｒｉｅｍａｎｎ－Ｈｉｌｂｅｒｔ 问题在 Ｈａｒｄｙ空间中的可解性，在文［４］中，讨论了广义解析函数的拟线性 Ｒｉｅｍａｎｎ－Ｈｉｌｂｅｒｔ问题，同样得到该边值问题在Ｈ２类解空间中的可解性、本文在前面研究工作的基础上，对一般形式的一阶椭圆型偏微分方程组拟线性Ｒｉｅｍａｎｎ－Ｈｉｌｂｅｒｔ问题作了更深入的讨论，在适当的假设条件下，应用积分算子理论，函数论方法及不动点原理，证明了该边值问题在相应的泛函空间中同样是可解的．     

具有边界控制的线性Timoshenko型系统的指数稳定性

研究多孔弹性材料在实际应用中的稳定性问题.多孔物体的动力学行为由线性Timoshenko型方程描述,这样的系统一般只是渐近稳定但不指数稳定,假定系统在一端简单支撑,另一端自由,在自由端对系统施加边界反馈控制,讨论闭环系统的适定性和指数稳定性.首先,证明了由闭环系统决定的算子A是预解紧的耗散算子、生成C0压缩半群,从而得到了系统的适定性.进一步通过对系统算子A的本征值的渐近值估计,得到算子谱分布在一个带域,相互分离的,模充分大的本征值都是A的简单本征值.通过引入一个辅助算子A0,利用算子A0的谱性质以及算子A与A0之间的关系,得到了A的广义本征向量的完整性以及Riesz基性质.最后利用Riesz基性质和谱分布得到闭环系统的指数稳定性.     

Entropy,Approximation Quantities and the Asymptotics of the Modulus of Continuity

The paper deals with the approximation of bounded real functions f on a compact metric space (X, d) by so-called controllable step functions in continuation of [Ri/Ste]. These step functions are connected with controllable coverings, that are finite coverings of compact metric spaces by subsets whose sizes fulfil a uniformity condition depending on the entropy numbers ε_n(X) of the space X. We show that a strong form of local finiteness holds for these coverings on compact metric subspaces of IR^m and S^m. This leads to a Bernstein type theorem if the space is of finite convex information. In this case the corresponding approximation numbers ε_n(f) have the same asymptotics its ω(f, ε_n(X)) for f ε C(X). Finally, the results concerning functions f ε M(X) and f ε C(X) are transferred to operators with values in M(X) and C(X), respectively.     

Integral-valued rational functions on valued fields

Let K be a field and a non-trivial valuation ring of K withm as its maximal ideal. Denote by and the rings of polynomials f∈K[X] and rational functions f∈K(X) resp. such that . We prove that for one variable X we have if and only if the completion of (K, ) is locally compact or algebraically closed. In the second case—i.e. if K is dense in the algebraic closure of (K, )—we even get for any number of variables X=(X₁,...,X_n). This work contains parts of the second author's thesis [Ri] written under the supervision of the first author.     

非结合非分配的环(Ⅲ)

本文继上二文(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)的理论,并把(Ⅱ)中能分解成单纯子环直和的半单纯环概念及其定理推广到能同构于单纯子环的一个子直和的半单纯两非环概念及其有关定理.然后又把后者概念扩展到§3中所定义的可分和两非环概念,并对可分和两非环给出了使Wedderbum主要定理成立的一个充分条件.     

Amarts: A class of asymptotic martingales B. Continuous parameter

A continuous-parameter ascending amart is a stochastic process (X_t)_{t +} such that E[X_τn] converges for every ascending sequence (τ_n) of optional times taking finitely many values. A descending amart is a process (X_t)_{t +} such that E[X_τn] converges for every descending sequence (τ_n), and an amart is a process which is both an ascending amart and a descending amart. Amarts include martingales and quasimartingales. The theory of continuous-parameter amarts parallels the theory of continuous-parameter martingales. For example, an amart has a modification every trajectory of which has right and left limits (in the ascending case, if it satisfies a mild boundedness condition). If an amart is right continuous in probability, then it has a modification every trajectory of which is right continuous. The Riesz and Doob-Meyer decomposition theorems are proved by applying the corresponding discrete-parameter decompositions. The Doob-Meyer decomposition theorem applies to general processes and generalizes the known Doob decompositions for continuous-parameter quasimartingales, submartingales, and supermartingales. A hyperamart is a process (X_t) such that E[X_τn] converges for any monotone sequence (τ_n) of bounded optional times, possibly not having finitely many values. Stronger limit theorems are available for hyperamarts. For example: A hyperamart (which satisfies mild regularity and boundedness conditions) is indistinguishable from a process all of whose trajectories have right and left limits.