光子晶体光纤的纤芯等效半径分析

应用有限差分光束传播法和平面波展开法分别计算得到光子晶体光纤的基模有效折射率和包层有效折射率，结合阶跃折射率光纤的模色散方程解出该结构的等效芯半径. 通过对不同结构下光子晶体光纤的研究，找到其等效芯半径随结构参数的变化规律，并根据计算结果将此规律以近似公式的形式给出. 该分析和结果可为利用有效折射率法分析光子晶体光纤时等效芯半径的选取提供一定的理论依据.     

全固三芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器

设计分析了一种基于碲酸盐玻璃的全固态三芯光子晶体光纤偏振分束器.利用三芯光纤中存在的谐振耦合现象,调整光纤结构参量,使某一偏振光无限接近谐振耦合条件产生强耦合,而另一偏振光因远离谐振耦合而耦合程度较弱,实现不同偏振光的分离.该偏振分束器长度短、超宽带、消光比高.在波长1 550nm处,偏振分束器长度仅为1.14mm,消光比高达-101.27dB;消光比小于-20dB的带宽达到100nm;消光比小于-10dB的带宽覆盖了E+S+C+L+U波段,高达350nm.此全固光子晶体光纤偏振分束器不仅性能优越,结构简单,且全固态的设计结构可有效避免光纤拉制过程中的空气孔坍塌,为设计更优性能的偏振分束器提供了思路.     

多芯光子晶体光纤锁模激光器

实验研究了基于掺Yb多芯大模场面积光子晶体光纤的全正色散锁模激光器.增益光纤的18个纤芯呈六角阵列排布,等效的模场直径约为52 μm.激光器基于σ腔结构,腔内没有色散补偿元件,通过半导体可饱和吸收镜实现锁模的自启动.实验获得了平均功率为3.3 W,脉冲宽度为4.92 ps,重复频率为44.68 MHz的锁模脉冲输出,对应的单脉冲能量为74 nJ,脉冲经腔外光栅对压缩为780 fs. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 多芯 光纤激光器 全正色散     

基于非对称三芯光子晶体光纤的宽带定向耦合器研究

提出了一种基于三芯光子晶体光纤的定向耦合器。通过增大纤芯两侧空气孔直径来引入非对称纤芯,该方法有效地实现了1×3分束的目的。数值分析表明,该三芯光子晶体光纤定向耦合器的工作带宽可达113.9nm(具体为波长从1530.9～1644.8nm)且均匀性小于0.4dB、偏振相关损耗低于0.2dB。此外,这种结构能够有较大的制作容差,具体表现为器件长度在光纤长度(20.9mm)的±4%范围内变化都能保证工作带宽不小于80nm。     

光子晶体光纤的全光纤纤芯变形研究

利用有限差分光束传输法分析了全光纤纤芯变形光子晶体光纤中的模场分布以及能量损耗情况.实现了光子晶体光纤的选择性空气孔塌缩,制作了由小纤芯到大纤芯和圆形芯到矩形芯的纤芯变形光子晶体光纤,该光纤在波长1550 nm下以小于0.05 dB的能量损耗实现了光斑的整形.实验结果与模拟结果有很好的一致性. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 空气孔塌缩 纤芯变形     

基于高双折射光子晶体光纤环镜的全光纤平顶梳状滤波器

A novel all-fibre flat-top comb filter based on a high birefringence photonic crystal fibre loop mirror is proposed and demonstrated. We simulate theoretically its output spectra and experimentally realize a flat-top output with a high extinction ratio. Compared to filters consisting of the conventional Panda polarization main- taining fibre, filters based on a high birefringence photonic crystal fibre loop mirror have better temperature stability. This kind of filter can be expected to be used widely in Wavelength-division-multiplexing（WDM） systems in the future.     

利用Kagome光纤实现多芯光子晶体光纤的输出合束

多芯光纤的输出光束只能在远场和焦点附近实现良好的同相位超模合束,这种超模传输特性大大影响了多芯光纤的应用范围.一种新型中空Kagome光纤为解决这一难题提供了可行的方案,利用中空Kagome光纤可以实现七芯光纤输出模式的整形合束.本文利用中心波长800 nm的钛宝石飞秒激光作为激光源,耦合入七芯非线性光子晶体光纤,得到700 nm至1050 nm的展宽光谱,并实现同相位超模输出.随后,将非线性展宽之后的宽谱七芯光束耦合至Kagome光子晶体光纤中,从Kagome光纤输出光斑呈高斯分布的模式传输,不再演变回七芯模式,耦合效率71%.实验还进一步验证此方法适用于不同结构的多芯光纤,为多芯光纤在高功率激光等领域的应用提供了参考.     

多芯光子晶体光纤高功率超连续谱光源

分析基于单芯光子晶体光纤的超连续谱光源在提升平均输出功率时所面临的问题,指出采用多芯光子晶体光纤作为超连续谱产生介质是一种实现高功率超连续谱产生的潜在方案。使用自制皮秒光纤激光器泵浦一段国产多芯光子晶体光纤,实现了光谱范围750~1700 nm,平均功率42.3 W的全光纤化高功率超连续谱输出。     

七芯光子晶体光纤中百瓦量级超连续谱的产生

采用平均功率为141.6 W的皮秒光纤激光泵浦一段国产七芯光子晶体光纤,获得了平均功率为104.2 W、连续光谱覆盖范围从750至1700 nm以上的超连续谱输出.详细研究了超连续光谱随泵浦功率增加的演变过程,并对基于该七芯光子晶体光纤的超连续谱光源的光谱拓展和功率提升潜力进行相关的分析和讨论.该研究结果对高功率超连续谱光源的发展具有一定的参考价值.     

基于磁光子晶体的低损耗窄带THz滤波器

本文提出一种采用石榴石型铁氧体磁性材料的太赫兹滤波器,利用波导线缺陷和腔内点缺陷的耦合特性,通过改变腔内介质柱半径及分布,实现对某个波长的耦合,达到了高效率滤波的功能;改变外磁场的大小,影响铁氧体材料的磁导率变化,使谐振频率发生改变,从而对THz波进行滤波.应用平面波展开法(PWM)和时域差分有限法(FDTD)进行仿真分析,研究结果表明,该滤波器其插入损耗为0.0997 d B,3 d B带宽为8.22 GHz,实现了低损耗窄带滤波.     

Surface plasmon resonance-induced tunable polarization filters based on nanoscale gold film-coated photonic crystal fibers

Surface plasmon resonance induced tunable polarization filters based on nanoscale gold film-coated photonic crystal fibers were proposed and analyzed. The characteristics of the polarization filter were calculated by finite element method(FEM). The gold film was selectively coated on the inner wall of one cladding air hole which was located near the fiber core along the y-axis direction. When the phase of core fundamental mode and surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs) mode matches,the two modes couple with each other intensely. Numerical results show that the resonance wavelength and strength vary with fiber structural parameters and the index of the infilling liquid. The fiber parameters were optimized to achieve specific functions. Under the optimal structure, we realized a dual channel filter at the communication wavelength of 1.31 μm and1.55 μm for y polarization direction and x polarization direction. Then a single channel polarized filter at the communication wavelength of 1.55 μm is also achieved by adjusting the refractive index of the infilling liquid. The proposed polarization filters realized dual channel filtering and single channel filtering simultaneously under the same structure for the first time to the best of our knowledge.     

Optical properties of the two-port resonant tunneling filters in two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs

We have designed and fabricated two types of two-port resonant tunneling filters with a triangular air-hole lattice in two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs.In order to improve the filtering efficiency,a feedback method is introduced by closing the waveguide.It is found that the relative position between the closed waveguide boundary and the resonator has an important impact on the dropping efficiency.Based on our analyses,two different types of filters are designed.The transmission spectra and scattering-light far-field patterns are measured,which agree well with theoretical prediction.In addition,the resonant filters are highly sensitive to the size of the resonant cavities,which are useful for practical applications.     

Nonlinear effects in photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals

We have investigated the nonlinear propagation of light in photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals. We analyzed a configuration with a periodic modulation of the refractive index corresponding to a matrix of waveguides. Matrices of coupled waveguides allow observing a variety of new phenomena both for low power light beam propagation and with an existence of nonlinear effects. The opportunity for the creation of solitary waves caused by the interplay between diffraction and nonlinear effects in these kinds of fibers is investigated. At low power the propagating light beam spreads as it couples to more and more waveguides. When the intensity is increased the light modifies the refractive index distribution, inducing a defect in the periodic structure. The creation of such a defect can lead to a situation in which the light becomes self-localized and its diffractive broadening is eliminated. Eventually, in the case of positive Kerr-type nonlinearity, a discrete soliton can be created. In the case of negative nonlinearity the refractive index decreases with the optical power and can lead to bandgap shifting. The incident beam, with a frequency initially within the bandgap, is then turned outside the bandgap resulting in the changing of the propagation effect for the discrete diffraction effect. As a consequence the delocalization of the light can be observed. Presented at 9-th International Workshop on Nonlinear Optics Application, NOA 2007, May 17–20, 2007, Świnoujscie, Poland     

Passive polarization rotator based on silica photonic crystal fiber for 1.31-μm and 1.55-μm bands via adjusting the fiber length

A new polarization rotator based on the silica photonic crystal fiber is proposed. The proposed polarization rotator photonic crystal fiber （PR-PCF） possesses a triangle jigsaw-shape core region. The full-vector finite-element method is used to analyze the phenomenon of polarization conversion between the quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes. Numerical simulations show that the wavelengths of 1.31 μm and 1.55 μm are converted with a nearly 100% polarization conversion ratio with their matched coupling length and has a relatively strong realistic fabrication tolerance - 100 nm on the y axis and 50 nm on the x axis. The full vectorial finite difference beam propagation method is used to confirm the performance of the proposed PR-PCF.     

双芯光子晶体光纤中的模式干涉

应用全矢量超格子叠加模型分析了双芯光子晶体光纤(PCF)的模式特征.双芯PCF的基模和二次模分别由偏振方向不同的两个偶模和两个奇模组成，讨论了这四个模式的模式电场奇偶性.基于对双芯PCF模式电场奇偶性的认识，讨论了光纤中的矢量模式干涉问题.分析表明，不同偏振态模式的干涉不会引起芯间的功率转移，双芯PCF的芯间功率耦合是由相同偏振模式的干涉引起的.在相同偏振模式干涉过程中，光功率在两个芯子中呈余弦振荡，光纤的两个芯子一般存在约π／2的相位差.还讨论了两个不同偏振方向的耦合系数与波长的关系. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 双芯光纤 模式 干涉 耦合     

Tunable properties of light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers

Tunable properties of light propagation in photonic crystal fibers filled with liquid crystals, called photonic liquid crystal fibers (PLCFs) are presented. The propagation properties of PLCFs strongly depend on contrast between refractive indices of the solid core (pure silica glass) and liquid crystals (LCs) filing the holes of the fiber. Due to relatively strong thermo-optical effect, we can change the refractive index of the LC by changing its temperature. Numerical analysis of light propagation in PLCF, based on two simulation methods, such as finite difference (FD) and multipole method (MM) is presented. The numerical results obtained are in good agreement with our earlier experimental results presented elsewhere [1].     

Light propagation in highly birefringent photonic liquid crystal fibers

Photonic liquid crystal fibers have already been demonstrated as a promising perspective for creation of new classes of dynamically tunable optical fiber devices. By combining different geometries of photonic crystal fibers with a variety of different liquid crystals it is possible to obtain a new generation of fibers with dynamically tunable properties, e.g., transmission spectra, attenuation or dispersion. In this paper, tunable birefringence in a commercially available highly birefringent Blazephotonics PM-1550-01 photonic crystal fiber selectively filled with a low birefringence liquid crystal has been experimentally demonstrated. Theses experimental results have been compared with simulations based on the multipole method.     

A novel polarization splitter based on dual-core hybrid photonic crystal fibers

Highly birefringent dual-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) can be used as a polarization splitter because the orthogonal polarization modes with dissimilar coupling lengths are easily separated from each other. Different from the traditional methods achieving high birefringence, a new highly birefringent hybrid PCF that guides light by both index guiding and bandgap guiding is proposed. Firstly, a novel polarization splitter based on this kind of dual-core hybrid PCF is designed. The transmission modes, coupling lengths for the two orthogonal polarizations and performance of the proposed polarization splitter are investigated and numerically analyzed. The results demonstrate that it is possible to obtain a 4.72-mm-long polarization splitter. The splitting ratio is better than −20 dB in a large wavelength range of 1.53-1.72 μm. Its bandwidth is about 190 nm.     

一种晶体光纤基模色散特性的矢量法分析

利用矢量有效折射率方法(矢量法)对光子晶体光纤基模的色散特性进行了数值模拟，并与双正交归一基矢量法以及标量有效折射率方法(标量法)的模拟结果进行了对比.发现所用矢量法的结果与双正交归一基矢量法的结果符合很好，而标量法在低空气填充率f或较高归一化波数A/λ时是一种较好的近似，在空气填充率f较高或归一化波数A/λ较低时，要得到精确的结果必须利用矢量法对光子晶体光纤的特性进行模拟.讨论了光子晶体光纤包层有效折射率与光纤结构的关系. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 矢量法 有效折射率 色散