Study on the pre-chopper in CSNS LEBT

Physical designing of the pre-chopper in CSNS LEBT is carried out, which includes the deflecting voltage, the length and the width of the deflecting plates, and the gap between the deflecting plates. The most outstanding feature of the design is that both the gap and the width vary with the beam envelope size. So both the requried deflecting voltage and the loaded capacitance are lowered. In order to avoid destruction of the space charge neutralization by the pre-chopper in the whole LEBT, an electron-trapping electrode is arranged to confine the electrostatic field of the pre-chopper to the local area. To examine the reliability of the pre-chopping design in CSNS LEBT, a similar pre-chopping design in ADS RFQ LEBT is set up and an experiment on the pre-chopper is prepared. 3-dimensional simulations are carried out to determine the loaded capacitance and the applied voltage of the electron-trapping electrode.     

Study on the pre-chopper in CSNS LEBT

Physical designing of the pre-chopper in CSNS LEBT is carried out,which includes the deflecting voltage,the length and the width of the deflecting plates,and the gap between the deflecting plates.The most outstanding feature of the design is that both the gap and the width vary with the beam envelope size.So both the requried deflecting voltage and the loaded capacitance are lowered.In order to avoid destruction of the space charge neutralization by the pre-chopper in the whole LEBT,an electron-trapping electrode is arranged to confine the electrostatic field of the pre-chopper to the local area.To examine the reliability of the pre-chopping design in CSNS LEBT,a similar pre-chopping design in ADS RFQ LEBT is set up and an experiment on the pre-chopper is prepared.3-dimensional simulations are carried out to determine the loaded capacitance and the applied voltage of the electron-trapping electrode.     

Study of the design of CSNS MEBT

The design of CSNS MEBT has two objectives: (1) to match the beam both in the transversal direction and the longitudinal direction from RFQ into DTL; (2) to further chop the beam into the required time structure asked by RCS. It is very difficult and critical to control well the emittance growth and in the meantime to match and chop the beam. Firstly, the optical design is done and optimized, and the multi-particle simulations show that the maximum emittance growth is successfully controlled within 14%. Secondly, based on the different beam envelopes obtained by TRACE-3D and PARMELA, the least deflecting angle of the chopper is determined by TRACE-3D. At last, the field of steering magnet is determined through simulations.     

Study of the design of CSNS MEBT

The design of CSNS MEBT has two objectives：（1） to match the beam both in the transversal direction and the longitudinal direction from RFQ into DTL;（2） to further chop the beam into the required time structure asked by RCS. It is very diffcult and critical to control well the emittance growth and in the meantime to match and chop the beam. Firstly,the optical design is done and optimized,and the multi-particle simulations show that the maximum emittance growth is successfully controlled within 14%. Secondly,based on the different beam envelopes obtained by TRACE-3D and PARMELA,the least deflecting angle of the chopper is determined by TRACE-3D. At last,the field of steering magnet is determined through simulations.     

Preliminary study on the RF tuning of CSNS DTL

In the RD of the CSNS Drift Tube Linac(DTL),the first unit tank with 28 drift tubes has been developed.The axial accelerating field is ramped from 2.2 MV/m to 3.1 MV/m in this tank.The required field flatness is less than±2%with the standard deviation of 1%for the beam dynamics;the field stability should be less than 1%for machine stable operation.After successful alignment,RF tuning was carried out focusing on the field profile measurement.Four slug tuners and eleven post couplers were applied in this procedure.The ramped field and required stability had been achieved by fine adjustment of the slug tuners and post couplers.In this paper,the preliminary tuning results are presented and discussed.     

Introduction to the overall physics design of CSNS accelerators

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is an accelerator-based facility. The accelerator of CSNS consists of a low energy linac, a Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) and two beam transport lines. The overall physics design of CSNS accelerator is described, including the design principle, the choice of the main parameters and design of each part of accelerators. The key problems of the physics design, such as beam loss and control, are also discussed. The interface between the different parts of accelerator, as well as between accelerator and target, are introduced.     

Introduction to the overall physics design of CSNS accelerators

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is an accelerator-based facility. The     

A new muon-pion collection and transport system design using superconducting solenoids based on CSNS

A new muon and pion capture system is proposed for the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS),currently under construction. Using about 4% of the pulsed proton beam(1.6 Ge V, 4 k W and 1 Hz) of CSNS to bombard a cylindrical graphite target inside a superconducting solenoid, both surface muons and pions can be acquired. The acceptance of this novel capture system- a graphite target wrapped up by a superconducting solenoid- is larger than the normal muon beam lines using quadrupoles at one side of the separated muon target. The muon and pion production at different capture magnetic fields was calculated using Geant4. The bending angle of the capture solenoid with respect to the proton beam was also optimized in simulation to achieve more muons and pions.Based on the layout of the muon experimental area reserved at the CSNS project, a preliminary muon beam line was designed with multi-purpose muon spin rotation areas(surface, decay and low-energy muons). Finally, high-flux surface muons(10~8/s) and decay muons(10~9/s) simulated by G4 beamline will be available at the end of the decay solenoid based on the first phase of CSNS. This collection and transport system will be a very effective beam line at a proton current of 2.5 μA.     

Study of shielding design for SANS at CSNS

The small angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument is presently being constructed at Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) in China, and the biological shielding design is needed to prevent the instrument from causing excessive dose rates in accessible locations. In this paper, the study of shielding design for SANS that relies on Monte Carlo simulation is introduced. Beam line shielding calculations are performed considering both scenarios of closed versus open T0 chopper. The basic design scheme of the beam stop is discussed. The size of the T0 chopper rotor is also estimated.     

中国散裂中子源π模加速器的电磁设计和分析

中国散裂中子源(CSNS)一期工程现处于调束运行阶段,未来二期工程考虑采用π模加速器将直线段能量从80 MeV升级到300 MeV,对该加速器进行了预研究。利用2D程序SUPERFISH设计出了π模加速器的单元尺寸,其中工作频率为324 MHz,β为0.4。通过3D程序CST优化了耦合系数、耦合孔的个数以及耦合孔的形状。耦合系数的设计值定为6.53%。利用尾部调谐环和7个固定调谐器将电场平整度调至2.18%,满足运行要求。     

Post-acceleration study for neutrino super-beam at CSNS

A post-acceleration system based on the accelerators at CSNS(China Spallation Neutron Source) is proposed to build a super-beam facility for neutrino physics.Two post-acceleration schemes,one using superconducting dipole magnets in the main ring and the other using room temperature magnets,have been studied,both to achieve the final proton energy of 128 GeV and the beam power of 4 MW by taking 10% of the CSNS beam from the neutron source.The main design features and the comparison for the two schemes are presented.The CSNS super-beam facility will be very competitive in long-baseline neutrino physics studies,compared with other super-beam facilities proposed in the world.     

CSNS/RCS次级准直器吸收体的冷却设计

作为CSNS/RCS横向束流准直系统的关键部件,次级准直器用于吸收经主准直器散射后不在预定轨道的束晕粒子,其工作原理决定了该设备要求满足强辐射环境下的稳定性、超高真空及高定位精度等要求。基于主准直器的设计及研制经验,对次级准直器结构方案及控制系统进行详细设计。针对关键部件吸收体,结合辐射防护分析结果,考虑水冷降温的方式,设计了控制程序,通过有限元分析软件ANSYS对其进行瞬态热分析,保证吸收体设计的可行性。     

Thermal analysis and water-cooling design of the CSNS MEBT 324 MHz buncher cavity

At least two bunchers are needed in the 3MeV H^－ Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line located between RFQ and DTL for the CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source). A nose-cone geometry has been adopted as the type of buncher cavity for its simplicity, higher impedance and lower risk of multipacting. By making use of the results got from the simulations on the buncher with two-dimension code SUPERFISH, the thermal and structural analyses have been carried out, the process and results to determine the resulting frequency shift due to thermal and structural distortion of the cavity are presented, the water-cooling channel position and the optimum cooling water temperature as well as the tuning method by adjusting the cooling water temperature when the cavity is out of resonance are also determined through the analyses.     

An overview of design for CSNS/RCS and beam transport

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is the first accelerator-based pulsed neutron source in China. Its accelerators are made up of an 80 MeV H⁻ linac, a Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) and two beam transport lines. RCS accumulates and accelerates protons to the design energy of 1.6 GeV, and extracts high energy beam to strike the target. The overview of RCS is presented, and the key problems of the physics design are discussed. The two beam transport lines, from linac to RCS and from RCS to the target, are also introduced.

     

Thermal analysis and water-cooling design of the CSNS MEBT 324 MHz buncher cavity

At least two bunchers are needed in the 3 MeV H- Medium Energy Beam Transport(MEBT)line located between RFQ and DTL for the CSNS(China Spallation Neutron Source).A nose-cone geometry has been adopted as the type of buncher cavity for its simplicity,higher impedance and lower risk of multipacting.By making use of the results got from the simulations on the buncher with two-dimension code SUPERFISH,the thermal and structural analyses have been carried out,the process and results to determine the resulting frequency shift due to thermal and structural distortion of the cavity are presented,the water-cooling channel position and the optimum cooling water temperature as well as the tuning method by adjusting the cooling water temperature when the cavity is out of resonance are also determined through the analyses.     

Thermal analysis and cooling structure design of the primary collimator in CSNS/RCS

The rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high intensity proton ring with beam power of 100 kW. In order to control the residual activation to meet the requirements of hands-on maintenance, a two-stage collimation system has been designed for the RCS. The collimation system consists of one primary collimator made of thin metal to scatter the beam and four secondary collimators as absorbers. Thermal analysis is an important aspect in evaluating the reliability of the collimation system. The calculation of the temperature distribution and thermal stress of the primary collimator with different materials is carried out by using ANSYS code. In order to control the temperature rise and thermal stress of the primary collimator to a reasonable level, an air cooling structure is intended to be used. The mechanical design of the cooling structure is presented, and the cooling efficiency with different chin numbers and wind velocity is also analyzed. Finally, the fatigue lifetime of the collimator under thermal shocks is estimated.     

Preliminary shielding analysis in support of the CSNS target station shutter neutron beam stop design

The construction of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) has been initiated in Dongguan, Guangdong, China. Thus a detailed radiation transport analysis of the shutter neutron beam stop is of vital importance. The analyses are performed using the coupled Monte Carlo and multi-dimensional discrete ordinates method. The target of calculations is to optimize the neutron beamline shielding design to guarantee personal safety and minimize cost. Successful elimination of the primary ray effects via the two-dimensional uncollided flux and the first collision source methodology is also illustrated. Two-dimensional dose distribution is calculated. The dose at the end of the neutron beam line is less than 2.5 μSv/h. The models have ensured that the doses received by the hall staff members are below the standard limit required.     

CSNS/RCS引出系统快脉冲冲击磁铁的磁场仿真和结构设计

中国散裂中子源快循环同步加速器引出系统快脉冲冲击磁铁,由分组安装于三个真空箱内的8台磁铁组成。对冲击磁铁进行磁场仿真和结构设计,并使用仿真软件进行优化。仿真结果表明:磁铁中心场60%宽度内的磁场均匀性达到0.7%,满足物理设计要求。同时,对两台磁铁间距大小与互感的关系进行模拟计算和分析。磁铁结构设计中,针对原样机中出现的铁芯不能可靠固定问题,进行修改和完善,并且设计出了一种简单实用的多螺栓滑动支撑结构,可使多台磁铁平稳推入真空箱内,同时完成多台磁铁的准直和固定。     

A prototype RF power source for CSNS/RCS

A prototype RF power source has been built to supply high RF power to a ferrite-loaded cavity, which is a part of R&D of the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron of China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS/RCS). A direct fast RF feedback amplifier, a 4:1 impedance transformer and auto tuning grid were locally located to compensate the heavy beam loading of CSNS/RCS. Design and commissioning of the RF power source is discussed here, also with some advice on system improvement.     

Study on space charge effects of the CSNS/RCS

The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) is a key component of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The space charge effect is one of the most important issues in the CSNS/RCS, which limits the maximum beam intensity, as well as the maximum beam power. Space charge effects are the main source of emittance growth and beam loss in the RCS. Space charge effects have been studied by simulation for the CSNS/RCS. By optimizing the painting orbit, the optimized painting distribution was obtained. The space charge effects during the acceleration are studied and dangerous resonances, which may induce emittance growth and beam loss, are investigated. The results are an important reference for the design and commissioning of the CSNS/RCS.