新型跑道腔式束流位置监测器

系统提出了一种新的腔式束流位置监测器(BPM),即跑道型腔式BPM,并使用微波工作室软件进行了理论研究和模拟计算,提出了通用设计方法。跑道型腔式BPM的金属腔部分具有跑道形横截面,引出束流位置偏移激励起的一对偶极模式作为束流位置信号。该方案的偶极模式极化方向固定,频率分离,可以解决随机误差产生的横向串扰问题,其理论位置分辨力可以达到15 nm。     

用于PKU-FEL注入器的腔式BPM的设计

 设计了用于PKU-FEL注入器的腔式位置诊断装置。该BPM腔采用的偶极模TM₁₁₀模的频率与PKU-FEL主加速器的基模频率一致，都是1.3 GHz；通过在圆形腔上镶入两个完全一致的矩形腔解决了腔式BPM的Cross-Talk问题。 根据PKU-FEL的设计要求，所设计的BPM腔的最小位置响应约10 mm,动态范围大于30 mm，时间响应小于束团间距。还估算了该BPM腔引起的束团功率损耗。结果表明，BPM腔引起的束团功率损耗是可以忽略的。     

基于BEPCⅡ的腔式束流位置探测系统设计优化与线下测试

研究了基于BEPCⅡ直线加速器的腔式束流位置探测系统(CBPM)的设计。本方案给出的CBPM探头工作频率为S波段,束流管道半径23 mm,参考腔TM010工作频率和位置腔TM110的工作频率一致。由线下测试结果可知,CBPM实物特征参数与仿真结果一致,CBPM水平和垂直方向工作频率分别为2502 MHz和2503 MHz;垂直和水平的四个端口交叉隔离度均优于-44.7 dB;测量线性区域好于10 mm。射频前端电子学负责对CBPM探头的模拟信号进行滤波、放大和下变频等调制。将CBPM探头置于标定平台,对经过CBPM信号进行时域和频域分析,通过计算得到CBPM水平、垂直方向线下分辨率分别为2.87μm、2.16μm。     

数字束流位置探测器系统的信噪比需求分析

以高能同步辐射光源（HEPS）对BPM提出的位置测量分辨率要求为出发点,介绍了BPM系统的整体架构并推导出BPM系统的信号链路中各级信号所需达到的信噪比;并根据ADC采样数据的信噪比需求,计算出ADC采样时钟的抖动需求;最后介绍了能够测量BPM信号信噪比和采样时钟抖动的BPM测试平台。各项结论可以作为判断BPM系统各部分能否达到HEPS工程要求的标准。     

用于激光驱动质子束测量的腔式束流位置探测器模拟研究

根据激光驱动质子束流低发射度、短脉冲、单束团低电量的性质,研究腔式束流位置探测器(BPM)测量激光加速器产生的质子束团横向位置的可行性问题。针对质子束团的大横向分布和发散角问题,推导了其通过腔式BPM的输出信号,结果表明该信号与集中从束团对称中心、倾斜一定角度通过的束流产生的输出信号相同。依据上述原理,使用CST软件进行了腔式BPM的设计和仿真,确定了矩形谐振腔波导耦合的方案。讨论了该方案的腔式BPM对于激光加速束流的适用性和不同激光驱动质子束流参数的分辨率,并针对PW级激光加速系统进行了分辨率估算。     

RF measurements of a C-band cavity beam position monitor

RF cold test of a novel C-band cavity beam position monitor (PBM) to be used in the SDUVFEL Test Facility is described.The test results are presented and some characteristics discussed.The main parameters obtained are in reasonable agreement with the analytical estimations.Effective suppression of the common mode has been demonstrated.The position sensitivity over the test region of±0.5 mm is about -21.58 dB/10 μm for the TM110 mode and is linear in the central region of the BPM cavity.     

BEPC II直线加速器数字BPM前端调理电路的研制

针对北京正负电子对撞机改造工程（BEPC II）直线加速器束流位置测量电子学系统故障率上升这一现状,结合BEPC II直线加速器束流参数以及BPM电子学ADC芯片带通采样的需求,设计了隔离度高、幅相一致性好的数字BPM射频前端电子学模块。数字BPM电子学系统采用MicroTCA 4.0系统架构,以FPGA作为主控制器,基于EDA软件开发设计。重点介绍了射频前端电子学模块中射频功率放大器、数字可调衰减器、带通滤波器等设计和实验室及在线测试结果。BEPC II对撞模式下,使用正电子束流,完成电子学系统在线测试,x方向位置测量精度约为38.46 μm,y方向位置测量精度约为26.16 μm,其测量精度和系统稳定性优于商用模拟BPM电子学模块,能够满足BEPC II直线加速器束流位置测量需求。     

Dynamic performance of the beam position monitor support at the SSRF

Electron beam stability is very important for third‐generation light sources, especially for the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility whose ground vibrations are much larger than those for other light sources. Beam position monitors (BPMs), used to monitor the position of the electron beam, require a greater stability than other mechanical structures. This paper concentrates on an investigation of the dynamic performance of the BPM support prototype. Modal and response analyses have been carried out by finite‐element (FE) calculations and vibration measurements. Inconsistent results between calculation and measurement have motivated a change in the soft connections between the support and the ground from a ground bolt in the initial design to full grout. As a result the mechanical stability of the BPM support is greatly improved, showing an increase in the first eigenfrequency from 20.2 Hz to 50.2 Hz and a decrease in the ratio of the root‐mean‐square displacement (4–50 Hz) between the ground and the top of the support from 4.36 to 1.23 in the lateral direction. An example is given to show how FE analysis can guide the mechanical design and dynamic measurements (i.e. it is not just used as a verification method). Similar ideas can be applied to improve the stability of other mechanical structures.     

Study of cross-talk of parallel Fabry–Perot sensors in path-matching differential interferometry

Cross-talk in multiplexing parallel Fabry–Perot sensors in a path-matching differential interferometry (PMDI) can be limited by corresponding path-matching read-out systems. Nevertheless, improper design in cavity lengths of Fabry–Perots can result in serious cross-talk. This paper presents a spectrum analysis to design the parallel Fabry–Perot sensors quantitatively without cross-talk. The spectrum analysis used to solve the cross-talks in a multiple parallel Fabry–Perot system is proved to be an efficient tool. To the author's knowledge, cross-talk problems were first investigated in a multiple parallel Fabry–Perot system quantitatively and experimentally. In a spectrum analysis, the spectrum transfer function in a broadband light source and a Fabry–Perot cavity are simulated by a Gaussian distribution spectrum and a low-finesse reflectivity, respectively. After integrating the whole spectrum system with respect to the wave number, the cross-talk terms can be removed by assuming zero. It is concluded that the cavity length differences between two Fabry–Perots should be longer than the coherence length of a broadband light source to diminish cross-talk effects. Experimental results for two parallel Fabry–Perots in PMDI are presented and compared with theoretical predictions. This study shows good agreement between experimental results and theoretical predictions, indicating that spectrum analysis can be applied properly to the design of two- or multiple-parameter sensors.     

用束流位置监测器测量上海光源束流寿命

通过理论分析研究了电磁耦合型束流位置探测器（BPM）用于束流寿命测量的可行性,并在上海光源储存环上进行了束流实验,对其性能进行了评估。实验结果表明,与目前常用的直流流强变压器（DCCT）系统相比,BPM给出的束流寿命具有更高的带宽和分辨力,有利于进行不同时间尺度的束流寿命评估,而且可以通过多个平均的方式来进一步提高测量精度。     

Digital bunch-by-bunch transverse feedback system at SSRF

In order to suppress multi-bunch couple instabilities caused by transverse impedance, a bunch-by-bunch transverse feedback system based on a FPGA digital processor is commissioned at SSRF storage ring. The RF front end has two COD pre-rejected attenuators for increasing the system arrangement and signal noise ratio, and the 3*RF Local signal comes from the BPM’s sum signal using a FIR filter for avoiding the effect of longitudinal oscillation. The digital processor receives the coupled horizontal and vertical oscillation signals in the base band and transforms the coupled signals to the horizontal and vertical feedback signals with two series double-zeroes FIR filters. A matlab GUI is applied for producing the FIR coefficients when the tune is shifted. The horizontal and vertical Kickers have a special design for increasing the shunt impedance. Then the multi-bunch instabilities are suppressed respectively and the minimum damping time is about 0.4 ms.

     

基于BEPCⅡ数据的数字束流位置测量器算法离线分析

介绍了数字BPM算法的原理和架构,并基于高能物理研究所自制的数字BPM硬件平台获取了BEPC Ⅱ束流流强为600 mA条件下的ADC采样数据。然后在MATLAB环境中设计了NCO模块、CIC滤波器、FIR滤波器以及BEPC Ⅱ束流逐圈位置数据计算模块,并给出了各模块的具体设计参数。最后通过实际ADC数据对各算法模块进行检验,给出了各模块处理后的频域分析结果,并得到了实际束流下水平方向和垂直方向上的逐圈位置分辨率分别为4.55 μm和4.28 μm,为FPGA在线算法的实现与优化提供了可靠的理论依据。     

A Prototype of X-Ray Imaging Based on the GEM Detector

A prototype of X-ray imaging device based on triple Gas Electron Multiply detector is studied,which has an effective gain up to 10⁵ and can be used in high rate X-rays imaging.The precise method of micro–strip readout is designed for X-rays localization, and the crate controller of high–speed SCSI interface is applied for the data acquisition.The test results show that the position resolution of measurement system is less than 90μm and the stability of its effective gain is better than 1% under the X-ray flux of 10⁵Hz/mm².     

合肥光源逐束团测量和横向束流反馈系统设计

 介绍了在合肥光源开展逐束团测量（横向和纵向）和横向束流反馈系统研究和研制的重要性,同时还介绍了设计思想。合肥光源高频频率为204 MHz，因此，系统至少需要100 MHz的带宽。还较详细地介绍了宽带部件和系统参数的选择原则。该系统不仅可用于研究由于高频腔中的高阶模和真空室的阻抗壁效应所引起的耦合束团不稳定性，而且还能抑制耦合束团不稳定性振荡、快速束流离子不稳定性和注入大幅度振荡等，从而将提高机器的运行性能。     

数字BPM时钟锁相电路的设计与实现

为实现数字BPM时钟系统的锁相,设计了一种基于锁相环同步原理的低抖动、低相位噪声的时钟同步系统。根据锁相环电路工作原理,对数字BPM时钟同步系统的硬件及固件程序进行了设计,实现了外部输入时钟信号与系统内部产生的主工作时钟信号的锁相,并且时钟信号输出的频率及相位均可调整以满足后端ADC采样的要求。测试结果表明,设计可以完成对一定频率范围内变化的外部输入时钟信号的锁相,输出时钟信号抖动满足束流实验要求,为数字BPM后续算法研究提供了基础。     

Libera Brilliance Single Pass束流位置处理器性能测试

在合肥光源(HLS)升级改造中,为了增强注入器的束流位置检测器(BPM)系统的整体性能,采用单次通过数字束流位置处理器(Libera Brilliance Single Pass)构成信号处理系统。首先对Libera Brilliance Single Pass进行了离线的性能测试,然后用它对条带BPM进行实验台标定,最后在合肥光源现有200 MeV直线加速器上进行了在线测试。结果显示其离线分辨力为4~17 m,优于原有对数比处理系统。在线水平和垂直分辨力分别好于26 m和19 m,优于原有系统的58 m和33 m。     

数字束流位置探测器通道自动增益校准方法的研究与实现

在现有硬件基础上,基于BPM测量准确度的需求,在自制的电子学FPGA芯片内,通过Verilog语言实现了一种数字BPM采样数据增益自动校准的设计。首先介绍了自动增益校准模块的系统总体设计;然后对模块的实现方法做了详细说明,设计并搭建了ADC数据自动增益校准测试平台以验证自动增益较准模块的功能;最后介绍了该设计在BPM通道标定中的应用。实验结果表明,该方法可以实现4通道增益一致,使ADC采样后的数据幅度相同,有效解决了由通道增益不一致引起的测量偏差,以及工程应用中ADC数据幅度校准工作量大且难于操作的问题,将在BPM系统通道自动标定中发挥重要作用。     

加速器束流诊断技术的新进展

介绍了加速器束流诊断技术的新进展, 包括束流位置测量技术、束团横向尺寸测量技术和束团长度测量技术. 束流位置测量技术主要介绍具有高位置分辨率的腔型束流位置检测器和数字束流位置处理技术. 束团尺寸测量技术主要介绍高空间分辨率的激光丝扫描器、光学渡越辐射和光学衍射辐射技术. 束团长度测量技术主要介绍高时间分辨率的相干辐射光谱技术、RF横向偏转腔、RF零相位技术和电光采样技术.     

用束流位置监测器精确测量储存环流强

 束流位置监测器（BPM）是粒子加速器束测系统中最为常见的元件,该探头输出信号中除包含束流位置信息外还包含电荷量等其它信息,可作为多参数束流诊断设备。采用BPM理论分析和数值仿真分析相结合的方法讨论了该种探头同时用于束流流强测量的可行性。在上海光源储存环上进行了束流试验,测定了全环140个BPM的流强标定系数,对BPM用于流强测量的分辨率、束流位置依赖性、频率依赖特性进行了测试,根据实验结果讨论了该方法在当前技术条件下所能达到的性能及其局限性。     

RIBLL终端大面积中子探测器阵列研制方案的理论计算

介绍了一种用于丰中子核研究的RIBLL终端大面积中子探测器阵列的研制.利用Geant4软件包对该探测系统的中子探测效率、时间分辨和位置分布等进行了蒙特卡罗模拟,同时对探测器的cross?talk进行了研究.给出了探测器的设计方案.