芍药苷的电喷雾串联质谱研究

采用电喷雾串联质谱(ESI-MSn)技术, 结合H/D交换方法, 在正、负离子检测模式下对白芍药材中主要成分芍药苷的质谱裂解规律进行了系统研究. 实验结果表明, 该化合物在正、负离子模式下均得到较好的质谱信息, 且在正离子模式下, 电喷雾质谱分析的灵敏度更高. 同时获得了其质谱裂解规律, 为白芍中其它化合物的分析鉴定提供了有效的质谱方法.     

淫羊藿苷的电喷雾质谱研究

研究了淫羊藿苷的电喷雾质谱行为.结果表明,该化合物在正、负离子模式下均可得到较好的质谱信息,在负离子模式下,采用H/D交换方法,证明淫羊藿苷易形成加合2个水分子的准分子离子.利用电喷雾碰撞诱导解离方法,分别阐明了该化合物在正、负离子模式下的电喷雾质谱碎裂规律.     

sn-1 Specificity of Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase-1 Revealed by a Mass Spectrometry-Based Assay

Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase-1 (LPCAT1) plays a critical role in the remodeling of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) in cellular lipidome. However, evidence is scarce regarding its sn-selectivity, viz. the preference of assembling acyl-Coenzyme A (CoA) at the C1 or C2-hydroxyl on a glycerol backbone because of difficulty to quantify the thus-formed PC sn-isomers. We have established a multiplexed assay to measure both sn- and acyl-chain selectivity of LPCAT1 toward a mixture of acyl-CoAs by integrating isomer-resolving tandem mass spectrometry. Our findings reveal that LPCAT1 shows exclusive sn-1 specificity regardless of the identity of acyl-CoAs. We further confirm that elevated PC 18 : 1/16:0 relative to its sn-isomer results from an increased expression of LPCAT1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue as compared to normal liver tissue. MS imaging via desorption electrospray ionization of PC 18 : 1/16:0 thus enables visualization of HCC margins in human liver tissue at a molecular level.     

蛋白质非共价化合物的电喷雾质谱研究

介绍了近几年来利用电喷雾离子化质谱技术研究蛋白质的基本构象及蛋白质非共价化合物的基本化学信息的进展。许多研究表明,电喷雾质谱在研究蛋白质的复杂结构和功能方面有十分广阔的前景。文中列举了若干实例说明了电喷雾离子化质谱技术在分析蛋白质非共价化合物的应用和一般方法。     

Sensitivity of Positive Ion Mode Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of Thiol Metabolites

High signal intensities of glutathione (GSH), [GSH+H]⁺ (m/z 308), cysteine (CySH), [CySH+H]⁺ (m/z 122), and homocysteine (hCySH), [hCySH+H]⁺ (m/z 136), are observed in ESI MS with on‐line electrochemistry (EC). Dimers formed by H‐bonding, which are not electrochemical products, are detected as [2GSH+H]⁺ (m/z 615), [2CySH+H]⁺ (m/z 243) and [2hCySH+H]⁺ (m/z 271) together with disulfide dimers GSSG, CySSCy and hCySSCyh, [GSSG+H]⁺ (m/z 613), [CySSCy+H]⁺ (m/z 241) and [hCySSCyh+H]⁺ (m/z 269). When dopamine is present a thiol/dopamine quinone (DAQ) adduct is observed. Formation of this adduct is proposed to occur by an electrochemical mechanism during ESI. Catalysis of thiol oxidation and analysis of thiol mixtures is addressed.     

三氟乙酸增强的解吸电喷雾电离质谱成像用于脂质空间分布研究

将三氟乙酸添加到解吸电喷雾电离质谱的喷雾溶剂中,提高了对脂质的成像检测能力,使小鼠脑组织切片中能检测到的脂质种类从59种提高到71种.此外,该方法还可以促进脂质的质子化峰的形成并抑制钠和钾加合物的形成,有利于简化谱图解析过程并实现更好的定量分析.利用该方法实现了小鼠脑组织切片上多种脂质的空间相关性研究,为探索脂质间潜在的代谢途径提供了新手段,在神经学、临床等领域具有巨大的应用前景.     

Mobility-Modulated Sequential Dissociation Analysis Enables Structural Lipidomics in Mass Spectrometry Imaging

Spatial lipidomics based on mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful tool for fundamental biology studies and biomarker discovery. But the structure-resolving capability of MSI is limited because of the lack of multiplexed tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method, primarily due to the small sample amount available from each pixel and the poor ion usage in MS/MS analysis. Here, we report a mobility-modulated sequential dissociation (MMSD) strategy for multiplex MS/MS imaging of distinct lipids from biological tissues. With ion mobility-enabled data-independent acquisition and automated spectrum deconvolution, MS/MS spectra of a large number of lipid species from each tissue pixel are acquired, at no expense of imaging speed. MMSD imaging is highlighted by MS/MS imaging of 24 structurally distinct lipids in the mouse brain and the revealing of the correlation of a structurally distinct phosphatidylethanolamine isomer (PE 18 : 1_18 : 1) from a human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue. Mapping of structurally distinct lipid isomers is now enabled and spatial lipidomics becomes feasible for MSI.     

有机盐类化合物醋酸钠的电喷雾质谱研究

利用电喷雾质谱技术研究了有机盐类化合物醋酸钠(NaAc)的特征质谱行为,实验结果表明,在全扫描电喷雾正负离子谱中都出现了质量数相差82的质谱峰簇．这与醋酸钠的相对分子质量相一致,正负质谱峰簇分别对应于簇合物离子Na^ (NaAc)n和Ac^-(NaAc)m:簇合物离子的多级串联质谱进一步证明了簇合物离子的存在。该结果为类似结构的盐类化合物的表征提供了一种新的质谱证据。     

金属卟啉及其与咪唑络合物的电喷雾质谱研究

利用电喷雾电离质谱（ESI－MS）研究了3种金属卟啉化合物（MTPP＝MnTPP,TeTPP和CoTPP）,探讨了在这些化合物中苯取代基与卟啉环间的键合能力以及金属卟啉与咪唑的配位情况。研究结果表明,金属卟啉的外围取代基苯基与卟啉环的键合能力按Mn、Fe和Co的次序变弱。金属卟啉与咪唑形成的络合物的离子丰度随配体浓度的增加而增强;在相同的配体浓度下,络合物的离子丰度按Mn、Fe和Co顺序依次增加,其中,CoTPP络合物的稳定性最强。     

基质辅助激光解析电离质谱和电喷雾质谱共同快速确证达托霉素结构

运用基质辅助激光解析电离-飞行时间串联质谱(MALDI-TOF/TOF MS)和电喷雾-四级杆-飞行时间质谱(ESI-Q-TOF MS)快速确证环脂肽达托霉素的结构。首先,ESI检测达托霉素相对分子量为1619.7107,与理论值偏差0.0007。选择其双电荷峰m/z 809.848作为母离子进行ESI串联质谱(MS/MS)测定,成功匹配了达托霉素环外氨基酸序列C9H19CO-Trp-Asn-Asp。其次,优化Li OH裂解达托霉素的实验条件,以MALDITOF/TOF MS监测开环效果,获得95%以上的开环样本后,分别运用MALDI和ESI进行MS/MS测定,达托霉素开环产物的b+和y+全部被匹配,达托霉素全部氨基酸序列得到确证。最后,对开环产物的ESI-MS/MS条件进一步优化,获得了丰富的低端碎片离子,解析了脂肪酸链结构,并绘制了脂肪酸链的裂解图。本方法快速、简便、准确,是确证环脂肽类化合物结构的可靠方法。     

合成多肽的电喷雾质谱研究

利用电喷雾多极串联质谱对3种合成多肽进行了系统的鉴定和分析研究。首先通过全扫描模式测定了其分子量，然后选择[M H]^ 或[M 2H]^2 离子通过串联质谱(MS／MS)得到碎片离子，采用y离子和b离子互补的方法测定了多肽序列。利用文献数据对这种方法进行了验证，实验结果表明，该方法简便、快速、实用。     

硫逐磷酸酯和二硫代磷酸酯的电喷雾电离质谱lectrosprayIon

研究了9种硫逐磷酸酯及二硫代磷酸酯的电喷雾电离 (ESI)质谱并归纳了谱图特征。根据碰撞诱导解离 (CID)的结果 ,讨论了其在ESI质谱的规律。     

Complexes of a New N3S2 Macrocycle: Synthesis,Structure and Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

The silver(I) complex of a 15-membered macrocyclic ligand with an N₃S₂ donor set (L¹) has been prepared by the reaction of 2,6-diacetylpyridine with 1,8-diamino-3,6-dithiaoctane in the presence of silver(I) ions. A reduced form (L²) of the ligand, in which the imine groups are converted to amines, was prepared by the reduction of the silver(I) complex by sodium borohydride. The ligand L² has been characterised by various spectroscopic techniques and the copper(II) complex has been prepared. The metal complexes of L¹ and L² have been characterised by electrospray mass spectrometry and UV-visible spectroscopy. The copper(II) complex of L¹ has been synthesised from [AgL¹]⁺ via metal exchange. [CuL¹](ClO₄)₂ crystallises in the orthorhombic space group Pna2₁ with a = 14.374(5) Å, b = 12.947(3) Å, c = 11.824(3) Å with Z= 4. The geometry about the metal centre approximates trigonal bipyramidal with the pyridinyl nitrogen and the sulfur donors in the equatorial positions and the imine nitrogen donors in the axial positions. Metal ion exchange and the relative stabilities of metal complexes of the macrocyclic ligands were studied by electrospray mass spectrometry.     

电喷雾离子源正离子模式下环烯醚萜苷的质谱裂解行为

利用高分辨率四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱(Q-TOF MS/MS)对环烯醚萜苷同系组分7,8-环戊烯型和环戊烷型环烯醚萜苷在电喷雾正离子(ESI⁺)模式下的质谱裂解行为进行了研究. 在ESI⁺模式下, 环烯醚萜苷主要的质谱裂解途径是脱去母环上的功能基团, 如丢失H₂O, CO₂, CH₃OH, CH₃COOH和糖单元部分等, 由于它们均为葡萄糖苷, 所以共有碎片离子[Glc+Na]⁺(m/z 185.0). 环烯醚萜苷母核环上半缩醛结构的异构化造成二氢吡喃环的断裂, 但未发现与苷元部分在负离子(ESI^-)模式下相同的其它断裂. 环烯醚萜苷在ESI⁺模式下的断裂途径特征性不如其在ESI^-模式下的明显, 且灵敏度比后者低.     

氨基酸复合物的电喷雾质谱研究

采用电喷雾-离子阱质谱技术,对水溶液中氨基酸的自身聚合以及和碱金属离子形成的复合物进行了研究。发现不同的氨基酸和不同的碱金属离子具有不同的聚合特点。     

芹菜素的电喷雾萃取电离串联质谱

采用实验室自制的电喷雾萃取电离源(EESI),结合串联质谱(MSn)技术,对芹菜素这一典型的黄酮类活性化合物的质谱行为进行了研究。实验表明,在正、负离子检测模式下,该化合物均能得到较好的EESI-MS信号,且在负离子检测模式下灵敏度更高。通过对比芹菜素的EESI-MS和电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)谱图发现,芹菜素在EESI-MS和ESI-MS中的裂解规律相似,但是EESI是一种比ESI更软的电离模式。根据对芹菜素EESI-MS特征碎片离子的分析,提出了芹菜素在EESI-MS中裂解的基本规律,为EESI-MS技术用于分析、鉴定复杂基质中痕量芹菜素奠定了理论和实验基础。     

Fragmentation of Moxifloxacin and Its Analogs by Electrospray Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

The fragmentation of patterns of moxifloxacin, 2-N-methylated moxifloxacin (analog 1), and 1-cyclopropyl-6,7-difluoro-8-methoxy-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (analog 2) were investigated by electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry in the positive-ion mode. Many unusual ions were detected in the tandem mass spectra of moxifloxacin. Although the structures of moxifloxacin and analog 1 were similar, the relative abundances of products varied greatly. Comparison of the relative abundances of the product ions that lost CO₂ or H₂O and complementary product ions resulting from sequential four-membered hydrogen rearrangement showed that the differences were related to the protonation sites. The loss of HF, probably though the formation of an ion/neutral complex, is of scientific interest. The identities of the major product ions were confirmed by deuterium-labeling experiments that demonstrated an unusual loss of a deuterium atom. The major differences in fragmentation patterns were compared to previous reports in the literature.     

三唑仑苯二氮(艹卓)类药物的电喷雾质谱裂解特征

采用电喷雾/四极杆飞行时间质谱(ESI-QqTOF)联用技术,对3种三唑仑苯二氮(艹卓)类药物进行CID研究,并以质子化准分子离子[M+H]+作为内标物,对碎片离子进行了准确质量测定,确认了这些碎片离子的元素组成,探讨了该类化合物的质谱裂解规律.研究发现,它们的ESI-MS2(源内)和ESI-MS3质谱分别生成脱去N2分子、HCN或CH3CN分子和Cl原子的碎片离子,其中m/z 205为3种药物共有的碎片离子,这些特征可用于三唑仑苯二氮(艹卓)类药物的体内代谢转化和定量研究.     

新型纳升级毛细管刻蚀电喷雾质谱接口研究

对普通石英毛细管表面使用氢氟酸刻蚀技术进行刻蚀, 并与商品化鞘流液毛细管电泳-质谱接口(Sheathflow CE-MS interface)结合, 将其改装成一种新型的纳升级电喷雾质谱接口. 玻璃膜接口部分呈多孔结构, 壁厚约10 μm. 以细胞色素c对新型接口加以评价, 样品的流量最低可达到20 nL/min; 在50~500 nL/min流量范围内刻蚀接口具有较高的响应信号. 考察了接触电解质溶液对样品电离的影响; 比较微升级不锈钢接口和新型接口的蛋白质检测结果发现, 在流速为200 nL/min时, 检测灵敏度可以提高3.6倍.