琥珀酸酐均相催化加氢生成γ-丁内酯的反应动力学研究

以RuCl3 /PPh3 为催化剂体系研究了琥珀酸酐均相催化加氢反应动力学 .结果表明当催化剂浓度小于1.0× 10 -2 mol /L ,n(PPh3 ) /n(Ru) =7,SA浓度小于 2 .2 5mol /L和反应氢压PH2 小于 2 .2 5MPa时 ,反应速率方程为R =k1[Ru][SA]PH2 ;当反应氢压PH2 大于 2 .77MPa时 ,反应速率方程为R =k2 [Ru][SA].琥珀酸酐加氢生成γ -丁内酯的活化能Ea为 85 .2kJ/mol,活化焓△H≠ 为 81.8kJ /mol     

RuCl3/PPh3催化顺酐加氢为琥珀酸酐的反应机理研究

利用原位^31P NMR,IR技术跟踪了RuCl3/PPh3催化顺酐加氢过程，并考察了酸碱的添加对反应的影响。根据实验结果，提出了在RuCl3/PPh3催化剂体系作用下，顺酐均相加氢生成琥珀酐的反应历程：RuCl3/PPh3在反应体系中生成活性物种RuHCl(PPh3)，顺酐以C＝C双键与Ru-H活性物种配位生成配合物，此配合物分子内氢转移，形成金属烷基化物，该化合物再与氢进行氧化加成，还原脱出产物琥珀酸酐和Ru-H活性物种，完成整个催化循环。     

结构对称齐聚(3-甲基噻吩)的电子结构和分子堆积

研究了一类结构对称的新型齐聚(3-甲基噻吩)(二聚体Br2MT和四聚体Br4MT)的电子结构和分子堆积形式.结果表明,随着链的增长,新合成的Br4MT溶液比Br2MT溶液(溶剂CHCl3)的最大紫外吸收波长红移约60 nm,Br2MT和Br4MT的π电子轨道重叠度及斯托克斯位移均较大;广角XRD晶体结构分析表明,该类齐聚(3-甲基噻吩)的π-π堆积晶面间距比聚(3-烷基噻吩)减小了约0.08 nm,分子堆积形式主要为π-共轭平面的堆积,其分子结构趋向于紧密堆积.该结构对称齐聚(3-甲基噻吩)的电子结构和分子堆积形式有利于提高其电荷传输能力.     

In、Sc掺杂对SrTiO_3电子结构和光学性质的影响(英文)

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势计算方法,研究了In、Sc p型掺杂对SrTiO_3母体化合物稳定性、电子结构和光学性质的影响.计算结果表明:掺杂后,SrIn_(0.125)Ti_(0.875)O_3和SrSc_(0.125)Ti_(0.875)O_3的稳定性降低,体系显示p型简并半导体特征,掺杂仅引起杂质原子近邻区域的几何结构发生变化.同时,SrIn_(0.125)Ti_(0.875)O_3和SrSc_(0.125)Ti_(0.875)O_3体系的光学带隙分别展寬0.35、0.30 eV,光学吸收边发生蓝移,在1.25.2.00 eV的能量区间出现新的吸收峰,该吸收峰与体系Drude型自由载流子的激发相关.此外,SrIn_(0.125)Ti_(0.875)O_3和SrSc_(0.125)Ti_(0.875)O_3体系的可见光透过率有了明显的提高,在350-625 nm波长范围透过率高于85%.掺杂原子在费米能级处低的电子态密度限制了跃迁概率和光吸收.大的禁带宽度、小的跃迁概率和弱的光吸收是SrIn_(0.125)Ti_(0.875)O_3和SrSc_(0.125)Ti_(0.875)O_3体系具有较高光学透明度的原因.     

CO分子在不同类型Al2O3表面的吸附构型和电子结构

采用基于赝势平面波基组的密度泛函理论方法对CO分子在α-Al₂O₃（0001）以及γ-Al₂O₃的（100）、（110C）、（110D）表面上的吸附构型和电子结构进行系统研究.计算结果表明,CO倾向于选取C端吸附在表层Al原子上,并主要通过其5σ轨道与表面发生作用,吸附后部分电子从CO转移到底物,导致各Al₂O₃表面功函均发生不同程度的下降,与气相相比,吸附后CO分子的C-O伸缩振动频率均发生蓝移.通过对比CO在各表面上的吸附情况,可以看出CO可作为检测Al₂O₂不同类型表面活性中心的有效探针分子.     

C60O3的结构和电子光谱的理论研究

用INDO系列方法对C₆₀O₃的可能构型进行研究,结果表明:环氧结构邻近的6-6键易发生进一步的加成反应.其中3个氧原子加在同一个六元环的6-6边上,形成环氧结构最稳定的C₃v构型,第3个氧原子加在2个环氧结构相邻的六元环的6-6边上的C₂、C_s构型也相当稳定,C₂、C_s构型的部分¹³C NMR谱与实验吻合.C₆₀O₃可能有较好的反应活性,其电子光谱属于理论预测.     

In、Sc掺杂对SrTiO3电子结构和光学性质的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势计算方法, 研究了In、Sc p型掺杂对SrTiO3母体化合物稳定性、电子结构和光学性质的影响. 计算结果表明:掺杂后, SrIn0.125Ti0.875O3和SrSc0.125Ti0.875O3的稳定性降低, 体系显示p型简并半导体特征, 掺杂仅引起杂质原子近邻区域的几何结构发生变化. 同时, SrIn0.125Ti0.875O3和SrSc0.125Ti0.875O3体系的光学带隙分别展宽0.35、0.30 eV, 光学吸收边发生蓝移, 在1.25-2.00 eV的能量区间出现新的吸收峰, 该吸收峰与体系Drude型自由载流子的激发相关. 此外, SrIn0.125Ti0.875O3和SrSc0.125Ti0.875O3体系的可见光透过率有了明显的提高, 在350-625 nm波长范围透过率高于85%. 掺杂原子在费米能级处低的电子态密度限制了跃迁概率和光吸收. 大的禁带宽度、小的跃迁概率和弱的光吸收是SrIn0.125Ti0.875O3和SrSc0.125Ti0.875O3体系具有较高光学透明度的原因.     

Pu3M和PuM3 (M=Ga,In, Sn,Ge)化合物的电子结构和形成热

采用全势线性缀加平面波(FPLAPW)方法, 在广义梯度近似(GGA)+自旋轨道耦合(SOC)+自旋极化(SP)下计算了具有AuCu3构型的Pu3M和PuM3 (M=Ga, In, Sn, Ge)化合物的平衡结构、电子结构和形成热. 计算的晶格常数与实验值符合得很好; 态密度分析表明Pu 和M 原子轨道间的杂化作用决定于Pu 6d-Pu 5f、Mp-Pu 6d和Msp-M sp轨道杂化之间的竞争, 而这种竞争又依赖于M的含量; 电负性差和电子杂化效应是影响Pu3M和PuM3化合物形成热和稳定性的两个重要因素, 电负性差越大, M的s、p带中心距费米能级越远, Pu3M(PuM3)化合物的形成热越负, 稳定性越高.     

氟取代三(8-羟基喹啉)铝衍生物电子结构、电子光谱的量子化学研究: 实现蓝色发光的途径

采用Gaussian 03程序包和密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP/6-31G方法, 研究了三(8-羟基喹啉)铝(Alq3)的3种氟代衍生物的电子结构与电子光谱, 讨论了氟原子在不同位置取代对Alq3的前线轨道、HOMO-LUMO能隙以及电子光谱的影响, 发现氟取代使Alq3的前线轨道能级降低, 在6位碳上氟代的Alq3的HOMO-LUMO能隙变大, 吸收和发射光谱发生蓝移, 而在5和7位碳上氟代的Alq3能隙变小, 吸收和发射光谱发生红移. 理论模拟结果与实验事实基本吻合, 证明在Alq3分子的合适位置进行化学修饰可实现蓝色发光.     

O-3激发态电子结构及内部电荷转移理论研究

03由干在地球环境中的重要作用，一直受到人类社会的极大关注．大气平流层中03的耗报机制与保护对策已成为国际上许多学科的研究热点［1，2］．许多高水平的理论计算对0。分子的电子结构和阳离子的光谱性质进行了广泛研如’，叼．最近，0｛的阴离于光电子光谱已经获得问，通过F     

First-principles Study on the Electronic and Bonding Properties of PbTiO3 (110) Polar Terminations

The electronic structures and bonding properties of the (110) polar terminations of cubic PbTiO₃ were examined by the first-principles calculations at the generalized gradient approximation level. Two stoichiometric (PbTiO and O₂) and three nonstoichiometric(TiO, Pb, and O) terminations were considered in this study. With the aid of the calculated electron density differences, atomic charges, band structures, and densities of states, the charge redistributions and electronic properties were evaluated in detail. Furthermore, based on the calculated results of the cleavage energies, relaxation energies, and surface energies of the investigated terminations, the charge compensation by the modification of the surface stoichiometry and the fillings of surface states were thermodynamically evaluated.     

Synthesis,Crystal and Electronic Structure,and Optical Property of the Quaternary Selenide: La3Sb0.33SiSe7

The quaternary selenide, La₃Sb_0.33SiSe₇, was prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of elements by solid‐state reactions at 1223 K in an evacuated silica tube. La₃Sb_0.33SiSe₇ crystallizes in the chiral P6₃ space group and belongs to the Ce₃Al_1.67S₇ structure type. Its structure features one‐dimensional chains of face‐sharing SbSe₆ octahedra running parallel to the c direction surrounded by the discrete SiSe₄ tetrahedra and La cations. UV/Vis/NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy study shows its optical gap of around 1.75 eV. DFT study indicates an indirect bandgap with an electronic transfer excitation from Se 4p to La 5d orbital electrons.     

Electronic Structure and Formation Heat of Pu3M and PuM3 (M=Ga, In, Sn and Ge) Compounds

The equilibrium structure, electronic structure, and formation heat of Pu₃M (PuM₃) (M=Ga, In, Sn, and Ge) compounds with AuCu₃ structure have been calculated using full potential linear augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method within generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) including spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and spin polarization (SP). The calculated lattice parameters are in good agreement with the experimental values. Density of state analysis shows hybridization effects between Pu and M are governed by the competitions depending on the M amount: Pu 6d-Pu 5f, M p-Pu 6d, and M sp-M sp interactions. Electronegativity difference and electronic hybridization effect are two important factors to influence the formation heat and stability of Pu₃M (PuM₃) compounds. The larger is the electronegativity difference and the lower is M s-band or p-band center relative to the Fermi energy, the more negative is the formation heat and the more stable are Pu₃M (PuM₃) compounds.     

3-苄氧羰基四氢噻唑-2-硫酮的晶体结构与量子化学研究

苄氧羰酰氯与四氢噻唑-2-硫酮在三乙胺存在下反应生成了3-苄氧羰基四氢噻唑-2-硫酮。在甲醇中培养了标题化合物单晶,用X射线衍射法进行了结构表征。晶体结构属三斜晶系,P1间群,晶体学参数:a=0.6274(2)nm,b=0.7340(3)nm,c=1.2976(4)nm;α=100.73(3)°,β=94.53(3)°,γ=103.28(3)°,Z=2,M_μ=4.30cm^-1.分子中的>C=O与>C=S基团处于C(4)-N-C(1)键的同侧,为顺式。用PM₃分子轨道方法研究了该化合物的电子结构,得到电荷和键序分布以及前线轨道等性质。     

Al代位合金化对D88-Ti5Si3力学性能与电子结构影响的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理赝势平面波方法, 计算了不同数量的Al 原子代位六方D8₈结构的Ti₅Si₃晶体中的Si 原子后的形成能(ΔH_f)、结合能(ΔE_coh)、体模量(B)、剪切模量(G)、泊松比(ν)、Cauchy 压力参数(C₁₂―C₆₆,C₁₃―C₄₄)、金属性(f_m)和派-纳力(τ_P-N)等参数, 表征了Al 合金化对D8₈-Ti₅Si₃的结构稳定性和力学性质的影响. 结合态密度、差分电荷密度图和Mulliken 布居等电子结构分析, 揭示了Al 原子的添加量对D8₈-Ti₅Si₃的韧/脆性变化的影响机制. 研究表明, D8₈-Ti₅Si₃晶体中强的Ti^6g―Si^6g方向共价键是导致其室温脆性的主要原因. 当1 个和2 个Al 原子占据D8₈-Ti₅Si₃晶体中Si^6g位置时, 形成了键强较弱的Al^6g―Si^6g键、Ti^6g―Al^6g键和Ti4d―Al^6g键, 同时降低了D8₈-Ti₅Si₃中Ti^6g―Si^6g键的强度和数量, 从而提高了D8₈-Ti₅Si₃的韧性. 当D8₈-Ti₅Si₃晶体中Si^6g位置被3个Al 原子所占时, Al^6g―Si^6g键消失, 而Ti^6g―Si^6g键的强度增加, 导致Ti₅(Si_1-xAl_x)₃的脆性增加.     

含能材料六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷分子的B3LYP研究

在B3LYP/6-31G^**水平上对六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)分子进行结构优化、集居数分析、自然键轨道和振动频率计算,得到与实验值相符的稳定构型.根据计算结果,讨论了键特性对分子性质的影响.     

B2C3簇的结构和振动光谱的理论研究

用量子化学从头计算方法研究了Ｂ２Ｃ３簇各种可能的空间结构，计算了相应的振动光谱和结合能。对Ｂ２Ｃ３最稳定构型的电子结构进行了深入的分析和讨论。     

Studies on the Electronic Structures and Spectra of C78（CH2）3

The structures and spectra of 20 possible isomers of C78(CH2)3 have been studied by using AM1,INDO/CIS and DFT methods. The results show that the most stable isomer is 1,2,3,4,5,6-C78(CH2)3 (A) with annulene structures,where three -CH2 groups are added to the 6/6 bonds located at the same hexagon passed by the shortest axis of C78 (C2v). Compared with that of C78 (C2v),the first absorption in the electronic spectrum of C78(CH2)3 (A) is blue-shifted because of its wider LUMO-HOMO energy gap. While the IR frequencies of the C–C bonds on the carbon cage are red-shifted owing to the formation of annulene structures and the extension of the conjugated system. The chemical shifts of the carbon atoms in 13C NMR spectra are moved upfield upon the addition.     

Organotransition-Metal Complexes of Multidentate Ligands 6. Electronic and Steric Influences on the Formation of η2-Acyl Complexes

Three new η²-acyl complexes, TMo(CO)₂(η²-COR) (T = Tp', Tp'; R= Me, Buⁿ; Tp' = hydridotris(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)borate; Tp' = hydridotris(3,4,5-trimethylpyrazol-l-yl)borate) prepared from the corresponding alkyl iodides, RI, and the anions, TMo(CO)^?₃. The preparation of Et₄N⁺Tp Mo(CO)₃^? is also described. Using solution IR spectra to monitor the reactions between RI and TMo(CO)₃^?, it was found that Tp'Mo(CO)₂(η²-COMe) was formed more readily than Tp'Mo(CO)₂(η²-COMe) which was obtained more easily than Tp'Mo(CO)₂(η²-COBuⁿ). This finding suggests that the mechanism is probably an ionic substitution rather than a radical mechanism. The different times required for the complete conversion from the anions to TMo(CO)₂(η²-COR) is rationalized in terms of the electronic and steric influences of T and RI.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Properties of the Strontium Vanadate Fluoride Sr5(VO4)3F

The apatite‐type strontium vanadate fluoride Sr₅(VO₄)₃F was synthesized by standard solid‐state reaction method and grown by spontaneous crystallization flux method. It crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P6₃/m with lattice constants a = 9.988(4) Å, c = 7.415(6) Å, Z = 2. The structure consists of infinite three‐dimensional [Sr(2)₂(VO₄)₃]⁵⁺ framework with tunnels along the c axis, where Sr(1)²⁺ and F^– ions are filled. Functional groups in the structure have been identified by IR spectroscopy and the very high thermal stability up to 1400 °C has been identified by TG and DSC analyses. UV/Vis/NIR diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and first‐principle theoretical studies were also carried out to aid the understanding of optical properties and electronic structure.