Multicomponent Characterization of the Flower Bud of Panax notoginseng and Its Metabolites in Rat Plasma by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Ion Mobility Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

The flower bud of Panax notoginseng (PNF) consumed as a tonic shows potential in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. To identify the contained multi-components and, in particular, to clarify which components can be absorbed and what metabolites are transformed, unveiling the effective substances of PNF is of vital significance. A unique ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS) profiling approach and efficient data processing by the UNIFI^TM bioinformatics platform were employed to comprehensively identify the multi-components of PNF and the related metabolites in the plasma of rats after oral administration (at a dose of 3.6 g/kg). Two MS² data acquisition modes operating in the negative electrospray ionization mode, involving high-definition MS^E (HDMS^E) and data-dependent acquisition (DDA), were utilized aimed to extend the coverage and simultaneously ensure the quality of the MS² spectra. As a result, 219 components from PNF were identified or tentatively characterized, and 40 thereof could be absorbed. Moreover, 11 metabolites were characterized from the rat plasma. The metabolic pathways mainly included the phase I (deglycosylation and oxidation). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that systematically studies the in vivo metabolites of PNF, which can assist in better understanding its tonifying effects and benefit its further development.     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱法同时分析奶粉中9种雌激素

建立了奶粉中9种雌激素(雌三醇、β-雌二醇、α-雌二醇、马烯雌甾酮、17α-乙炔雌二醇、雌酮、己烯雌酚、己二烯雌酚、己烷雌酚)的超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)分析方法.样品用水溶解,乙腈超声提取雌激素,正己烷除脂,NH2柱净化,经Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3...     

Chemical Variations among Shengmaisan-Based TCM Patent Drugs by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Hybrid Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry

Shengmaisan (SMS) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula to treat coronary heart diseases. It has been developed into several TCM patent drugs to meet the demands of different patients. In this study, a research strategy was proposed to reveal the chemical variations among four SMS-based patent drugs, including Shengmai Oral Solution (Shengmaiyin, SMY), Shengmai Capsule (Shengmai Jiaonang, SMJN), Yiqi Fumai Injection (YQFMI), and Yiqi Fumai Capsule (Yiqi Fumai Jiaonang, YQJN). Firstly, 227 compounds were tentatively identified using an Orbitrap-MS in the full scan/dd-MS² mode. Secondly, untargeted metabolomics analysis suggested that ginsenosides, steroidal saponins, and lignans were the main types of differential compounds for the four patent drugs. Finally, the contents of 25 compounds were simultaneously determined in 30 batches of samples in the parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed the contents of ginsenosides Re, Rg1, Rb1, Ro, and Rg3, and schisandrin showed the highest intergroup variations. These compounds were chemical markers to differentiate the SMS-based patent drugs.     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联飞行时间质谱法鉴定育发化妆品中4种植物功效成分

建立了固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-QTOF-MS)鉴定育发化妆品中4种植物功效成分(槲皮苷、何首乌苷、芦丁和柚皮苷)的分析方法。样品采用甲醇超声提取,上清液经2%/甲酸水溶液稀释后上PAX阴离子固相萃取柱净化。以甲醇和0.002%甲酸水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,在CSH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm,Waters)上分离,于UPLC-QTOF-MS负离子模式下进行检测。槲皮苷、何首乌苷和芦丁采用外标法定量测定;5%氨水溶液条件下,柚皮苷因在PAX上的吸附过程中结构转化为柚皮苷查尔酮,只能进行定性鉴定。在优化条件下,槲皮苷、何首乌苷和芦丁在5~200μg·L-1浓度范围内均呈良好线性,相关系数大于0.999;方法定量下限(LOQ,S/N=10)为0.03~0.1 mg·kg-1;在洗发水基质中的加标回收率为80.9%~104.7%,相对标准偏差(n=6)不大19.6%。该方法准确、适用性强,已成功应用于育发化妆品中槲皮苷、何首乌苷和芦丁的定性定量检测以及柚皮苷的定性鉴定。     

Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Determination of the Metabolites of Baicalin Produced by Human Intestinal Bacteria

Baicalin, mainly isolated from Scutllaria baicalensis, has been reported to possess a wide range of biological activities. However, the information about the metabolic route and metabolites of baicalin was limited to the role of the human intestinal bacterial mixture. In this paper, four strains of bacteria including Bacteroides sp. 33 and 56, and Veillonella sp. 23 and 71 were isolated from human intestinal bacterial mixture and studied for their abilities to convert baicalin to different metabolites. A highly sensitive and specific ultraperformance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) method combined with mass defect filtering (MDF) provides high throughput capabilities for drug metabolism study. The chromatographic separation was performed on a 1.7 µm particle size C 18 column using gradient elution system. The components in the extract were identified and confirmed according to the mass spectrometric fragmentation mechanisms, MS/MS fragment ions and relevant literature by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in negative ion mode. With this method, a total of 4 metabolites were identified based on MS and MS/MS data. The results indicated that hydrogenation, methylation, and deglycosylation were the major metabolic pathways of baicalin in vitro. The present study provides important information about the metabolism of baicalin which will be helpful for fully understanding the impact of the intestinal bacteria on this active component. Furthermore, this work demonstrated the potential of the ultraperformance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry approach for a rapid, simple, reliable, and automated identification of metabolites of natural products.     

Systematic Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of Wenxin Granule via Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Ion Mobility Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Triple Quadrupole–Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

Wenxin granule (WXG) is a popular traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation for the treatment of arrhythmia disease. Potent analytical technologies are needed to elucidate its chemical composition and assess the quality differences among multibatch samples. In this work, both a multicomponent characterization and quantitative assay of WXG were conducted using two liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approaches. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS) approach combined with intelligent peak annotation workflows was developed to characterize the multicomponents of WXG. A hybrid scan approach enabling alternative data-independent and data-dependent acquisitions was established. We characterized 205 components, including 92 ginsenosides, 53 steroidal saponins, 14 alkaloids, and 46 others. Moreover, an optimized scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (sMRM) method was elaborated, targeting 24 compounds of WXG via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTrap-MS), which was validated based on its selectivity, precision, stability, repeatability, linearity, sensitivity, recovery, and matrix effect. By applying this method to 27 batches of WXG samples, the content variations of multiple markers from Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (21) and Codonopsis Radix (3) were depicted. Conclusively, we achieved the comprehensive multicomponent characterization and holistic quality assessment of WXG by targeting the non-volatile components.     

超高效液相色谱-高分辨四级杆飞行时间质谱法快速筛查乳制品中磺胺类与氟喹诺酮类药物

利用超高效液相色谱-高分辨四级杆飞行时间质谱联用技术,建立了一种快速筛查乳制品中8种氟喹诺酮5种磺胺类药物及其4种乙酰化代谢物的新方法。采用乙腈-20%三氯乙酸溶液(100∶1,V/V,pH 2.0)作溶剂和Oasis HLB固相萃取载体作吸附剂,实现了牛奶样品中17种目标物的同时提取和有效净化。利用MassLynx Chromlynx软件建立了这17种分析物的数据库。以Full Scan/MSE进行定性筛查和定量检测。4种代谢物在10~2000μg/L范围内和其它分析物在0.5~100μg/L范围内,其基质匹配内标校准曲线呈现良好的线性(R2>0.983)。氟喹诺酮的定量限为0.5~0.8μg/kg,磺胺类药物及代谢物的定量限为0.5~13.0μg/kg。在3个添加水平分析物的平均回收率(69%~92%)在职业分析化学家协会(AOAC)提出的允许范围之内,相对标准偏差均小于15%。本方法快速而灵敏,成功用于乳制品中抗生素及其代谢物的筛查、确认和定量分析。所研究的每种药物及代谢物残留均低于有关的最高残留限量(MRLs),但某些乳制品中其总残留量已超过最高残留限量。     

高效液相色谱/四极杆-飞行时间质谱测定神经性贝毒

采用高效液相色谱/四极杆 飞行时间质谱(HPLC/Q TOFMS)联用技术对贝类样品中的短裸甲藻毒素 PbTx-2 进行了检测研究。样品经丙酮提取、C18小柱净化后,用Zorbax XDB C18色谱柱(2.1 mm i.d.×150 mm,3.5 μ m)进行分离,流动相为甲醇 水(体积比为85∶15)溶液(含0.5 mmol/L NH4Ac),流速0.20 mL/min 。电喷雾正离子模式,选择质子化PbTx 2分子离子 ［M+H］ +作为前体离子进行TOFMS扫描、测定。结果表明,样品的平均加标     

超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法测定豆类中的硒代蛋氨酸

该研究利用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱(UHPLC/ESI-Q-Orbitrap)技术,对硒代蛋氨酸(SeMet)的色谱信息、分子离子质荷比和碎裂片段的质荷比进行采集,并对特征离子碎裂途径进行解析,建立了豆类中硒代蛋氨酸的检测方法。样品用三羟甲基氨基甲烷-盐酸(Tris-HCl)缓冲溶液溶解后,涡旋混匀,超声提取,在恒温水浴条件下酶解,离心后取上清液过0.22μm滤膜后上机检测。采用Hypersil GOLD HILIC(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.9μm)色谱柱进行分离,以0.2%(体积分数,下同)甲酸6 mmol/L甲酸铵水溶液和0.2%甲酸6 mmol/L甲酸铵乙腈溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子模式电离,在全扫描/数据依赖扫描模式(Full MS/dd-MS2)下进行检测,基质匹配标准校正法定量。结果表明,硒代蛋氨酸的基质效应为15.75%,在0.05~0.5 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)为0.9976,方法检出限(LOD)为0.015 mg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为0.05 mg/kg;空白样品在0.1、0.2、0.4 mg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为77.6%~83.2%,日内相对标准偏差(RSDr)为2.8%~4.8%,日间相对标准偏差(RSD_R)为4.1%~6.5%。将方法应用于实际样品的检测,得富硒黑豆、富硒红豆、富硒绿豆中硒代蛋氨酸的含量分别为0.252、0.163、0.184 mg/kg。该方法具有前处理操作简单、结果准确、重复性好等优点,适用于豆类中硒代蛋氨酸的检测。     

沉香的高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱数字化指纹图谱研究

采用高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱联用(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术,研究构建了一种沉香数字化色谱-质谱指纹图谱的新方法。沉香药材经乙醇提取后,采用HPLC-Q-TOF-MS测定,并同时采集HPLC-Q-TOF-MS及液相色谱-紫外数据,得到液相色谱-紫外检测(HPLC-UV)色谱图和高分辨飞行时间质谱(TOF-MS)总离子流色谱图。对色谱图中的各个色谱峰进行精确质量数识别,建立数字化指纹图谱,以精确质量数结合保留时间表征沉香中的化学成分,即为每个色谱峰给出具有唯一性的数字信息,以数字化的形式反映其化学成分,并根据精确质量及同位素推算出分子式,结合二级质谱及文献资料共鉴定出30个化学成分。该方法对沉香的每种化学成分给出了类似于身份认定的数字化信息,具有唯一性,能全面反映沉香的物质成分,可为沉香的药理、药效及质量标准研究提供科学的数据。     

13C辅助的超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用方法精确分析毕赤酵母胞内代谢物浓度

毕赤酵母作为一种高效的外源蛋白表达平台,其蛋白表达水平与胞内代谢物浓度紧密相关.但胞内代谢物种类多、物化性质差异大、浓度低、周转快,对其绝对浓度的精确检测一直难于实现.本研究将超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用分析方法与13C同位素标记技术相结合,探索解决该难题的方法.首先,优化了超高效液相色谱的操作条件,利用3种色谱柱实现了64种常见中间代谢物的分离;对三重四极杆质谱仪的检测离子对和碰撞电压等操作条件进行优化,找到了对各种物质具有专一性的检测离子对.然后,利用全标记13C标记底物培养细胞,收集胞内的全标记代谢物用作定量内标物,建立了53种中间代谢物的标准曲线.实验结果表明,本方法不但精确性高,标准曲线相关系数达到0.99以上,而且重现性好,受实验条件和仪器操作条件的影响很小.将本方法应用于毕赤酵母胞内代谢物浓度的绝对定量分析,成功获得了胞内各种代谢物的浓度水平,为后续深入研究毕赤酵母代谢调控机理,实现外源蛋白的高效生产奠定了基础.     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术同时测定人体尿液中11种代谢物

采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术定量检测人体尿样中丙烯醛、苯、1,3-丁二烯、苯乙烯、巴豆醛的巯基尿酸类代谢物及氰化氢代谢物。将解冻后的尿样经高速离心后,取100μL上清液,加入50μL内标溶液及850μL水后上样分析。色谱分析采用XSELECT HSS T3 C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm i.d,2.5μm),以乙腈-15 mmol醋酸铵溶液梯度洗脱,流速250μL/min,柱温40℃,在多反应监测模式(MRM)下采用负离子扫描模式进行定量分析。本方法共检测了16名吸烟者和6名非吸烟者的尿样,发现日吸烟量大于25支的吸烟者尿样中的烟气成分代谢物浓度高于非吸烟者。     

超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱法高通量筛查乳制品中20种镇静剂

利用超高效液相色谱/高分辨飞行时间质谱,结合数据库,建立了乳制品中20种镇静剂的高通量筛查方法。样品以乙腈和酸化乙腈沉淀蛋白质和脂肪,冷冻离心浓缩,经超高效液相色谱分离,采用电喷雾离子源,正离子模式,基质匹配法进行定量分析,可在9 min内对20种镇静剂进行高通量筛查和定量分析。镇静剂的质量浓度在1～500μg/L或5～1000μg/L范围内具有较好的线性关系,检出限为0.3～1.5μg/L,定量限为1～5μg/L。在5和50μg/L添加水平时,平均回收率为76.1%～108.2%,相对标准偏差为2.5%～9.0%。利用TargetAnalysis软件建立镇静剂数据库,并应用于加标样品的筛查分析。通过数据库比对,样品中添加的镇静剂被全部筛查出来,鉴定准确度达到了100%,保留时间偏差小于0.1 min,质量偏差小于3mDa,同位素峰形匹配度大于89.5%。利用本方法对购自超市的8个不同品牌的50余份乳制品进行了筛查分析,均未检出阳性样品。     

Chemical Profiling and Quantification of Potential Bioactive Components in Gandouling Pill by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Diode Array Detector/Quadruple-Qrbitrap Mass Spectrometry

Gandouling (GDL) Pill is a novel Traditional Chinese medicinal drug to treat Wilson’s disease in clinics. It is composed of six separate herbal medicines, including Rhei Radix ET Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix ET Rhizoma, Spatholobi Caulis, Curcumae Rhizoma, and Curcumae Longae Rhizoma. In this study, a strategy was proposed to investigate the chemical constituents and to quantify the potential bioactive components in GDL Pill. Firstly, the mass fragmentation behaviors of representative compounds were investigated, and, in total, 69 compounds were characterized in GDL Pill using full scan/dd-MS² scan mode by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (MS). These compounds included 18 alkaloids, 18 ketones, 16 phenolic compounds, 11 organic acids, and 6 tanshinones. Seventeen of the compounds were unambiguously identified by comparison with reference standards. Secondly, the absorption components of GDL Pill in rat plasma were investigated by using target-Selected Ion Monitoring (t-SIM) scan mode built in Q-Orbitrap MS. A total of 18 components were detected, which were considered as potential bioactive components of GDL Pill. Thirdly, 10 major absorption components were simultaneously determined in six batches of samples by UPLC/diode array detector (DAD). The method was fully validated with respect to linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery. Alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma, such as coptisine (8), berberine (18), palmatine (19), were the most abundant bioactive compounds for GDL Pill that possess the potential be used as quality markers. The proposed strategy is practical and efficient for revealing the material basis of GDL Pill, and also provides a simple and accurate method for quality control.     

超高效液相色谱三重四极杆质谱法同时快速测定血浆和尿液中11种杀鼠剂

建立了血浆和尿液中11种杀鼠剂同时测定的超高效液相色谱串联质谱方法.血浆样品经乙腈沉淀、尿液样品经乙酸乙酯萃取,氮吹浓缩后用初始流动相复溶,在UPLC BEH C18柱上以甲醇-4 mmol/L乙酸铵为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,负离子电喷雾多反应监测模式检测,基质标准外标法定量分析.血浆和尿液中11种杀鼠剂的加标回收率分别在68%～118%和62%～104%之间;日内相对标准偏差分别为5.6%～21%和4.1%～18%;日间相对标准偏差分别为8.5%～26%和7.1%～ 25% (n=6).除尿液中安妥的定量限为5 μg/L外,其余待测物的定量限均为1 μg/L.本方法灵敏度高,操作简单,适于中毒病人的快速诊断检测.     

液相色谱-四极杆/离子阱质谱快速测定蜂蜜中痕量硝基咪唑类药物及其代谢物残留

采用液相色谱-四极杆/离子阱串联质谱(LC-QTRAP)建立了蜂蜜中痕量硝基咪唑类药物(甲硝哒唑、咯硝哒唑、二甲硝咪唑、异丙硝唑)及其羟基代谢物(2-羟甲基-1-甲基-5-硝基咪唑、羟基甲硝唑和羟基异丙硝唑)残留的快速测定方法。样品经磷酸盐缓冲液(0.5 mol/L,pH 8.8)/乙酸乙酯提取,高速冷冻离心净化;C18柱色谱分离,流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇,梯度洗脱;质谱采集使用预设定多反应监测(sMRM)-信息依赖性采集(IDA)-增强子离子扫描(EPI)模式;目标分析物使用同位素内标定量,在线EPI谱库辅助定性。7种目标分析物在0.125～50.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999);定量下限(LLD)均达到0.1μg/kg;1LLD、2LLD和4LLD 3个加标水平的回收率为94%～108%;相对标准偏差(RSD)均不大于11.4%。     

液相色谱-高分辨飞行时间质谱法快速筛查食品中香港规例农药残留

建立了液相色谱-四级杆串联飞行时间质谱法测定食品中249种香港《食物内残余除害剂规例》农药残留的筛查方法.样品经1％甲酸-乙腈提取,改进的QuEChERS方法提取净化,Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18色谱柱(150 mmx3 mmi.d.,2.7 μm)分离,流动相为0.1％甲酸水和甲醇溶液,梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源,正模式下侦测,建立了一级精确质量和二级碎片离子质谱数据库,并且对11种典型食品的基质效应进行考察,基质匹配外标法定量.结果表明,在10～ 500 μg/kg浓度范围内,249种目标化合物线性关系良好(r＞0.99),方法定量限为10～ 100 μg/kg(S/N≥10),在大米、香菇、黄豆、菠菜、西红柿、西兰花、柚子、韭菜、胡萝卜、生菜、黄瓜中3个添加水平的平均回收率范围分别为23.2％～133.2％,35.6％～137.6％和38.7％～140.2％,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.3％ ～19.2％之间(n=6).方法操作简便,耗时短,灵敏度高,稳定性好,用于日常筛查检测可显著降低检测成本,具有实际应用价值.     

高效液相色谱-静电场轨道阱质谱鉴定大鼠血浆中蟾蜍二烯内酯及其代谢物

建立了高效液相色谱-质谱鉴定大鼠口服蟾酥总内酯提取物后血浆中蟾蜍二烯内酯类化合物及其主要代谢物的分析方法.大鼠单剂量灌胃(50 mg/kg)蟾酥总内酯提取物后收集血浆样品,乙腈沉淀蛋白,浓缩定容,采用HPLC-MS分析.利用色谱保留时间、高分辨质谱提供的精确分子量和碎片离子精确质量的信息,鉴定了24种蟾蜍二烯内酯类化合...     

Simultaneous Determination of Phenolics and Polymethoxylated Flavones in Citrus Fruits by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS)

Phenolic and polymethoxylated flavones are important bioactive components in citrus fruit. Here, a rapid and sensitive method based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of phenolic and polymethoxylated flavones in the peels and pulp of mandarins, tangelos, and oranges. Three phenolic acids and eight flavonoids, including polymethoxylated flavones, were separated and determined using positive and negative ion modes in a single chromatographic run of only 11?min using the multiple reaction monitoring detection mode. The method was validated with high recoveries from 96.1% to 103.5%, good precision with interday relative standard deviations less than or equal to 7.3%, intraday relative standard deviations ≤2.64%, low limits of detection from 1.0 to 18?µg L^–1, and low limits of quantitation in the range from 3.0 to 61?µg L^–1. The application of this UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS method to the citrus extracts of three cultivars showed that mandarin fruits contained the highest total amounts of the 11 analytes, followed by tangelos and oranges. This study provides a reliable and quantitative method that can be used for the development of functional products and quality evaluation of citrus fruits.