电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定高纯稀散金属中杂质元素研究进展

综述了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定高纯稀散金属中镓、铟、铊、锗、硒、碲、铼中杂质元素的研究进展,分析了样品测定过程与重点,分别对镓、铟、铊、锗、硒、碲、铼进行了介绍,重点讨论了基体的干扰和消除,并对测定高纯稀散金属中杂质元素的发展方向提出建议。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯镓中痕量杂质

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）测定高纯镓中痕量杂质元素,以Rh作为内标补偿校正镓基体的抑制效应,采用异丙醚萃取分离镓与ICP-MS技术联用,拓展分析方法应用范围,可满足99.9999%-99.99999%超高纯镓分析方法要求。方法检出限为0.006-0.062μg/L;加标回收率为86.8%-121.4%之间;RSD为1.1%-8.6%。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测氧化镓中杂质元素

建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定氧化镓中杂质元素的检测方法,采用微波消解技术溶样,以5 ng/mL Rh为内标补偿校正镓基体的抑制效应,采用碰撞室技术(CCT)消除多元素分子离子的干扰.方法的检出限为0.10～1.0 ng/mL,加标回收率在85%～110%之间,RSD为0.6%～7.1%.该方法能满足99.95%～99.995%氧化镓中杂质元素的分析要求.     

氟化电热蒸发／ICP—AES直接测定SiO2中痕量Fe

对氟化电热蒸发（ＦＥＴＶ）／ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ技术中元素的氟化蒸发行为，基体效应和粒度效应进行了考察，确定了杂质（Ｆｅ）与基体（Ｓｉ）分离的最佳实验条件，本法用于ＳｉＯ２中痕量Ｆｅ的直接测定，有灵敏，简便，试样消耗少和不需化学处理等优点。     

悬浮体进样／氟化电热蒸发（ETV）／ICP—AES直接测定二氧化钛 …

以聚四氟乙烯（ＰＴＦＥ）悬浮体为氟化剂,肖体制样／氟化辅助电热蒸发（ＥＴＶ）／ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ直接测定ＴｉＯ２陶瓷粉末中痕量杂质钇考察了影响基体和等测元素的蒸发过程的各种因素,对比研究了待测元素和基体的氟化蒸发行为,实现了基体和待测元素的预分离,显著降低了基体效应。本法的检出限为０．２６μｇ／Ｌ。相对偏差为３．８％（ｎ＝５,ｃ＝０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ）。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱测定高纯氧化铈中14种稀土杂质

用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）建立了直接测定９９９９％ＣｅＯ２中１４个稀土杂质含量的方法。采用基体匹配法扣除Ｃｅ对Ｌａ、Ｐｒ、Ｇｄ和Ｔｂ元素的干扰，以Ｉｎ为内标，１４种稀土元素的测定下限之和≤０００８％，加标回收率为９０％～１１０％。     

氟化电热蒸发／电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱中的基体效应研究

本文系统研究了氟化电热蒸发／电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ＥＴＶ－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）测定难熔元素的基体效应。与常规气动雾化（ＰＮ）－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ中的基体效应比较，氟化ＥＴＶ－ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ中的基体效应更小。对难熔基体元素，由于基体和待测元素与氟化剂之间的竞争反应，随着基体浓度的增加，待测元素谱线强度降低；对常见基体元素，由于热循环中基体与待测元素之间的选择挥发，对待测元素的蒸发和传输过程无明显影响     

基体分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯硒中13种杂质元素

采用基体分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定高纯硒中13种痕量杂质元素含量,优化了试验条件.利用二氧化硒在真空条件下升华温度低的特点挥发基体硒,选择合适的内标元素,考察基体效应的影响.结果表明,选择Cs作为待测元素的内标更合适.测定硒残留量小于100 μg/mL的样品,不影响各待测元素.方法检出限为0.007~0.033 μg/g,RSD为5.7%~19%,加标回收率在90.2%~115%之间,可以满足高纯硒中痕量杂质元素含量的测定.     

钕基体效应对电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定9种微量金属杂质的影响

研究了钕基体效应对电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定钕中9种微量金属杂质元素(Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca、Fe、Cr、Zn、Cu)的影响.通过对比筛选多条谱线确定了钕基体中各元素的优选分析谱线,溶液体系酸度影响研究发现酸度对钕基体溶液中各元素强度影响较小,研究了基体浓度对每一个杂质元素谱峰强度和含量测试影响程度及趋势.当钕...     

感耦等离子体质谱法测定高纯氧化镥中14个痕量稀土杂质

本文报道了用感耦等离子体质谱法（ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）测定高纯氧化镥中１４个稀土杂质的方法。镥基体对测定元素无谱线干扰，但对测定信号产生显著抑制作用。加入内标后有效地补偿了这种基体抑制效应，方法检出限为０．００５～０．０３ｎｇ／ｍＬ。样品加标为０．０１μｇ时，回收率为９０％～１０３％。精密度（ＲＳＤ）为１．４％～４．２％。方法简单，不需分离富集，样品消耗量少（１０ｍｇ）。１４个稀土元素的总测定下限（１０）可达０．５８μｇ／ｇ可直接测定纯度为９９．９％～９９．９９９９％的氧化镥中稀土杂质。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铈矿中微量的砷、锑

采用过氧化钠熔融试样，用盐酸调节试液酸度，对电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP－AES）法同时测定铈矿中微量砷和锑进行了研究，考察了铈基体及共存元素，试液酸度及介质等因素对砷和锑的光谱和非光谱影响。     

Determination of orotic acid in urine by capillary zone electrophoresis in tandem-coupled columns with diode array detection

Analytical potentialities of capillary zone electrophoresis in the separation system with tandem-coupled columns to the spectral identification and determination of orotic acid (OA) in urine by diode array detection (DAD), coupled to the separation system via optical fibers, were investigated. A very significant “in-column” clean-up of OA from urine matrix was reached in the separation stage of the tandem by combining a low pH (2.8) with complexing effects of electroneutral agents [- and β-cyclodextrins, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and 3-(N,N-dimethyldodecylammonio)propanesulfonate]. Due to this, its DAD spectral data could be acquired in the detection stage of the tandem with almost no disturbances by matrix co-migrants. The concentration limits of detection obtained under such working conditions for a 200-nl sample load of OA and 320 μm I.D. capillary tubes were 3.5 μmol/l (218 nm) and 0.4 μmol/l (280 nm). Using chemometry procedures (target transformation factor analysis, fixed size moving window-evolving factor analysis, orthogonal projection approach and fixed size moving window–target transformation factor analysis) in processing of the acquired spectral data, the presence of OA in the loaded urine matrix could be confirmed with confidence when its concentration was 10 μmol/l or slightly less.     

ICP-AES测定汽车催化剂中Pt、Rd、Rh的干扰研究

对用ICP-AES法测定汽车尾气净化催化剂中的Pt、 Rd、 Rh存在的干扰问题进行了研究. 发现催化剂中的载体成分和助剂成分对Pt、 Rd、 Rh的几条灵敏线均有不同程度的干扰, 这些干扰基本分为基体干扰和光谱干扰. 对于光谱干扰可选用不同谱线来消除干扰, 而基体干扰可采用等效浓度差减法或基体匹配来扣除, 也可采用标准加入法来进行测定. 但这些方法均存在一定的局限性.     

荧光光谱结合多元曲线分辨-交替最小二乘法研究十二烷基三甲基溴化铵与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

模拟pH=7.4的人体生理条件,用荧光光谱法结合多元曲线分辨-交替最小二乘法(MCR-ALS),研究表面活性剂十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。为增加实验数据的信息量,本实验采用顺序不同的两种滴加方式得到扩展的荧光光谱数据矩阵;进而采用渐进因子分析法(EFA)得到作用体系中各组分浓度变化曲线的初值,再应用MCR-ALS对该扩展荧光光谱矩阵进行迭代计算,较好地分辨出动态作用中各种物质的浓度变化趋势图,并由此曲线推断出CTAB与BSA的表观结合常数和结合比。     

Investigation and quantification of spectroscopic interferences from polyatomic species in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using electrothermal vaporization or pneumatic nebulization for sample introduction

A new method for quantification of spectral interferences based on analyte isotope ratio measurements in the presence of various concentrations of a specific matrix is presented. Within the method, a tolerance level is used, defined as the matrix concentration at which the ratio between analyte isotopes with and without interferences is altered by 10% compared to a pure water reference standard, normalized with respect to the analyte concentration in the solutions. This can be used to estimate the lowest analyte concentration which can be determined with a defined accuracy in the presence of a known concentration of a specific matrix. Regarding spectroscopic interference effects, comparative results for sample introduction into the ICP–MS by electrothermal vaporization, ETV, and nebulization are presented for common matrix — (Ca, Na, K, Cl, P, O) and analyte (Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Se) elements. With the exception of the spectral overlap of ³¹P₂⁺ on ⁶²Ni⁺, spectroscopic interferences were reduced by 1–2.5 orders of magnitude when using ETV for sample introduction. Reasons for the increase in the spectral interference of ³¹P₂⁺ on ⁶²Ni⁺ are discussed. For sample introduction by nebulization, it was found that spectral interferences from CaO⁺ on ⁵⁸Ni⁺ and ⁶⁰Ni⁺ were reduced in the presence of phosphate.     

Determination of rare earth impurities in high purity europium oxide by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and evaluation of concentration values for europium oxide standard material

Direct determinations of 13 rare earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu and Y) in high purity europium oxide by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) have been reported. The operating parameters of the instrument were optimized and the spectral interferences and the matrix effects were investigated. Using Ga or Rh as the internal standard can eliminate most of the matrix effects. The detection limits (3 sigma, n=10, integral time=1s) are 0.013-0.085 ng mL(-1) and the reproducibility (n=11) is 0.9-3%. The recoveries of spiking samples are 80-108%. Europium oxide standard material was made and its concentration values were evaluated by various techniques from 10 collaborating laboratories. By comparison of the results of ICP-MS with the results of other techniques, we have validated that ICP-MS is an accurate and reliable technique for analysis of ultratrace impurities in high purity rare earth matrix.     

ICP emission spectrometric analysis of rare earth elements in permanent magnet alloys

An analytical method for the determination of rare earth elements (REE) in a NdFeB permanent magnet alloy by ICP emission spectrometry is described. Spectral interferences, arising from overlapping, as well as matrix effects have been studied. Considering spectral interferences, sensitivities of spectral lines, background intensities and the chemical composition of the sample investigated, optimum spectral lines for each REE have been selected. Because of an unfavourable concentration ratio in samples of a NdFeB permanent magnet alloy, a preliminary separation of matrix elements from rare earth elements by ion chromatography is necessary. Different modes of elution (isocratic and gradient) with -hydroxy-isobutyric acid and different columns (NUCLEOSIL, SULFOPROPYL SI-100, DIONEX HPIC-CS3) have been tested. Optimum separation conditions have been chosen for each element and the separation efficiency at equal or different concentrations of the selected elements have been established. Although the separation of REEs resulted in partly overlapping peaks, the ratio between analyte and interferent is improved and the spectral interferences are diminished. The results obtained are in good agreement with certified values.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定水泥熟料中铬的干扰研究

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定重金属时常面临干扰问题。为提高ICP-OES测定水泥熟料中铬的准确度,研究选取了Cr205.560、Cr267.716和Cr283.563三条谱线,根据水泥熟料中主量元素（铁、铝、钙和镁）含量,设计不同浓度单元素干扰试验,结果表明：铁对Cr283.563谱线测定有较大的正干扰,钙对三条谱线均有较大的负干扰,两者导致的相对误差（RE）均在±10%以上,其他一般为负干扰,RE在±10%以内。进一步线性回归分析发现,除铝外,其他干扰元素的干扰大小与浓度呈强线性相关性。通过多元素复合干扰试验发现干扰导致的RE约为-18%~11%,同单元素干扰加和结果比较,两者相差约为8%~10%。实际样品检测结果表明实际干扰同多元素复合干扰试验基本相同,Cr283.563谱线测定结果误差可能更小,三条谱线的实际样品加标回收率大致相当,约为80%,经回收率修正,Cr205.560和Cr267.716谱线结果满意,而Cr283.563谱线误差较大。以多元素复合干扰试验溶液作为基体,采用基体匹配法测定可基本消除干扰影响。以钙溶液作为基体的简化基体匹配法同样有效,但仅可选用Cr205.560和Cr267.716谱线。本研究从实际干扰问题出发,通过系统分析问题,找到干扰的原因,并据此提出消除干扰方法,提高了测定铬的准确度,也为检测人员解决相关干扰问题提供借鉴。     

ICP－MS用于Eu_2O_3标准物质中铝和锌的定值分析

报道了用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定氧比铕标准物质中Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３和ＺｎＯ的方法。考察了谱干扰和基体影响，采用Ｒｈ为内标较好地补偿了基体铕的影响。方法简便、快速，定值准确、可靠。