飞秒激光作用下光学与激光玻璃的暗化阈值测量

报道了各种商用光学玻璃和激光玻璃在800nm、120fs、1kHz钛宝石脉冲激光作用下,产生光致暗化的阈值。     

飞秒激光诱导玻璃内析出BaTiO3晶体

使用800nm、120fs、200kHz的高重复频率超短脉冲激光照射BaO-TiO2-SiO2系玻璃，玻璃经飞秒激光照射数秒钟后，激光会聚点的发光由800nm波长的红色突然转变为非常强的400nm的蓝色，对激光辐照点的发光光谱和X射线衍射分析表明，具有倍频效应的BaTiO3晶体已经产生。     

飞秒激光作用下金掺杂硅酸盐玻璃的光致晶化研究

研究了金掺杂硅酸盐玻璃在飞秒激光辐照和热处理作用下的光致晶化行为，分析探讨了其机理和激光辐照条件的影响.吸收光谱测试表明玻璃内部析出金纳米颗粒. 金纳米颗粒掺杂玻璃在近共振纳秒脉冲作用下显示了强的光限幅效应, 且改变飞秒激光诱导参数可改变该复合玻璃的光学非线性. 关键词： 光致晶化 飞秒激光 金纳米颗粒 硅酸盐玻璃 光限幅     

飞秒激光脉冲作用下光学玻璃的色心和折射率变化

实验研究了近红外飞秒激光脉冲诱导重钡火石玻璃产生的色心、紫外透明和折射率变化,测量了样品在激光辐照前后的吸收光谱和折射率的变化.实验发现色心的产生伴随着折射率的改变,但色心漂白后,折射率的改变依然存在,表明色心与折射率改变的热稳定性不一致,意味着飞秒激光脉冲诱导玻璃折射率变化的机理与色心产生的机理不同.实验还观察到色心区域在紫外产生透明;色心漂白后,紫外透明消失的现象,并阐述了可能的机理和应用.     

单次飞秒激光脉冲在玻璃内部产生多次微爆的研究

在入射能量不同的情况下，用近红外飞秒激光脉冲在重钡火石玻璃（ZBaF15）内部产生了色心和微爆，在熔融石英的内部产生了多次微爆现象.实验表明：入射能量较高时，色心的中间会产生微爆；在松聚焦条件下，一个飞秒激光脉冲在透明介质内会激发多次微爆.基于飞秒激光脉冲在透明介质内的自聚焦效应和自由电子等离子体的自散焦效应，理论分析了多次微爆产生的原因；也讨论了飞秒激光脉冲诱导玻璃折射率改变的机理.     

飞秒激光形成的半导体低维结构与发光

采用飞秒激光辐照硅和硅锗样品,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察样品同,发现样品上产生了某低维结构.用飞秒激光作用产生等离子体相干驻波对硅和硅锗表面的融蚀模型来解释低维结构的形成机制,发现硅的表面周期约为400 nm的光栅结构在波长719 nm处有较强的光致荧光(PL)峰.该光致荧光的发光强度较小,其机制可从激光的脉宽和重复率两个方面来分析.当激光辐照的能量明显超过硅的融蚀阈值时,光栅形状消失,另一种锥状结构开始形成.控制加工条件,可以获得用于衍射和微分束的纳米光栅.     

飞秒激光诱导ZnO :Al薄膜周期结构及其光致发光特性

利用单束800 run飞秒激光在掺杂了Al的ZnO薄膜中制备了纳米周期条纹结构.研究了不同能流密度的飞秒激光在照射不同的时间后,表面纳米周期结构的变化规律及其形成机制.利用He-Ge激光器作为激发光源,研究了ZnO:Al薄膜的光致发光特性及其与纳米周期结构的关系.结果表明,近带隙发光增强的主要原因是800 nm飞秒激光...     

单脉冲飞秒脉冲激光对单层和高反光学薄膜的损伤

用电子束蒸发的方法在BK7玻璃上制备了ZrO2单层膜和ZrO2/SiO2高反膜,利用掺Ti:sapphire飞秒激光系统输出的中心波长为800 nm,脉宽为50 fs的激光脉冲对这两种样品进行了激光损伤阈值测试.实验结果表明,ZrO2单层膜的阈值比ZrO2/SiO2高反膜的高;这与传统的纳秒脉冲激光的损伤情况相反.利用光离化和碰撞离化激发电子到导带,形成电子等离子体基本模型并对此现象进行了解释.同时,用显微镜对样品的损伤形貌进行了观测,对损伤的特点进行了表征.     

啁啾飞秒激光脉冲形成的光纤光栅的Bragg反射特性

在800nm飞秒脉冲激光照射下光敏玻璃As₂S₃光纤具有双光子吸收 现象，当一束超短激光脉冲与另一束啁啾超短激光脉冲在As₂S₃光纤相遇时，干涉图案将 永久地记录一个空间啁啾光栅.研究了该光栅结构与入射超短脉冲激光脉冲参数的关系，数值计算表明该光栅具有较大的Bragg反射带宽. 关键词： 啁啾光纤光栅 飞秒激光脉冲 双光子吸收效应     

紫外激光照射引起的硅酸铅玻璃结构的变化

采用紫外-可见吸收光谱和电子自旋共振谱(ESR)对硅酸铅玻璃薄膜和体材料受紫外激光照射前后的结构变化进行了研究。研究发现：266 nm的紫外激光照射硅酸铅玻璃体材料时,能使其Urbach能量增大,即玻璃结构的无序性增大。电子自旋共振谱研究表明,266 nm激光照射不会在硅酸铅玻璃中产生顺磁缺陷中心, 也不会对硅酸铅玻璃薄膜在235 nm附近的吸收峰产生影响,但用248 nm紫外激光照射则观察到了235 nm吸收峰的光漂白现象。     

Femtosecond Laser Induced Rewritable Optical Memory in Silicate Glasses

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Femtosecond Laser Induced Rewritable Optical Memory in Silicate Glasses

A novel method for producing rewritable optical memory with ultra-high storage density and ultra-high recording and readout speed is presented. A 120 fs, 800 nm, 1 kHz laser focused by an objective lens is used to produce recording bits in glass with high transmittance contrast. These recording bits can be erased by heat-treatment. The mechanism has been discussed by means of the absorption and electron spin resonance(ESR) spectra of silicate glasses before and after irradiation by the laser. The absorption of glasses increases greatly after irradiation because of color-center generation through multi-photon absorption. ESR spectra shows that the color-center induced in the glass are hole-trapped defects. The color-center disappears when the glass heated because the holes and electrons at traps are released by thermal stimulation and recombine again.     

Darkening enhancement in SK3 glass with quartz under irradiation of femtosecond laser pulses

In this paper, the femtosecond laser-induced darkening in SK3 glass is investigated. A sample with 3-mm thickness is irradiated with 200 fs laser pulses (FLP) at 800 nm wavelength and 1 kHz repetition rate. When a piece of quartz or sapphire, which does not show darkening effect under IR irradiations, is placed in front of the sample, the laser-induced darkening is enhanced. The directly darkened region in the sample gets darker on placing a piece of quartz or sapphire in front of the sample. When a piece of ULE glass that shows darkening effect by IR-FLP irradiations is placed in front of the sample, SK3 sample does not get that dark. We believe the enhancement of the darkening in SK3 glass sample by the quartz or sapphire is related to the absorption of the short wavelength component of the white light, which is generated and not absorbed in the quartz or sapphire.     

Femtosecond laser-induced birefringence and transient grating in lead(II) phthalocyanine-doped hybrid silica gel glasses

Ultrafast nonlinear optical properties of lead(II) phthalocyanine (PbPc)-doped silica gel glasses were investigated using a femtosecond optical Kerr shutter (OKS) setup at wavelength of 800 nm. The nonlinear response time of the PbPc-doped silica gel glasses was measured to be less than 90 fs. Measurements for the dependence of Kerr signals on the polarization angle between pump and probe beams showed that the Kerr signals induced by 30-fs pulses arose mainly from photoinduced birefringence effect and not from a laser-induced transient grating as observed when using a 200-fs pulse laser.     

Mechanisms of femtosecond laser-induced damage in magnesium fluoride

We studied the single-shot damage in magnesium fluoride irradiated by 800 nm femtosecond (fs) laser. The dependence of damage thresholds on the laser pulse durations from 60 to 750 fs was measured. The pump-probe measurements were carried out to investigate the time-resolved electronic excitation processes. A coupled dynamic model was applied to study the microprocesses in the interaction between fs laser and magnesium fluoride. The results indicate that both multiphoton ionization and avalanche ionization play important roles in the femtosecond laser-induced damage in MgF₂.     

Surface topography of ultrashort laser-irradiated CaF2

A single-crystal CaF₂ (111) was irradiated with single and multiple laser (Ti:sapphire, 800 nm, 25 fs) shots at fluences ranging from 0.25 to 1.5 J cm^?2. In this fluence regime, a single laser pulse usually leads to typical bump-like features ranging from 200 nm to 1.5 μm in diameter and 10–50 nm in height. These bumps are related to compressive stresses due to a pressure build-up induced by fast laser heating and their subsequent relaxation. When CaF₂ is irradiated with successive (in our case 20) shots at a laser fluence of 1.5 J cm^?2, nanocavities at the top of the microbumps are observed. The formation of these nanocavities is regarded as an explosion and is attributed to the explosive expansion generated by shock waves due to laser-induced plasma after the nonlinear absorption of the laser energy by the material. Such kinds of surface structures at the nanometre scale could be attractive for nanolithography.     

Photoinduced darkening, crystallization and reversible emission in ZnTe thin films

Laser-induced darkening and crystallization of ZnTe-based thin films is reported. ZnTe thin films of 1500-nm thickness were deposited on bare and Zn buffer layered borosilicate glass substrates. The as-deposited films were subjected to laser irradiation at 532 nm. The as-deposited films were amorphous but transformed to the crystalline state under influence of the laser treatment. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the ZnTe crystallized in the zinc blende structure. In addition, presence of peaks from Te was observed, signifying the dissociation of ZnTe. The spectral transmission of the films decreased by more than 15 % under the influence of the laser irradiation and this was accompanied by a red shift in the band gap. These results clearly point to the occurrence of laser-induced darkening and crystallization of the films. To understand the mechanisms of darkening and crystallization, all the films were annealed at 500 °C for 60 min. Similar to the laser-irradiated samples, the thermally annealed films showed an amorphous–crystalline transition, presence of Te in the X-ray diffraction patterns as well as a large decrease in spectral transmission (>70 %). Photoinduced emission analysis carried out as a function of laser intensities indicated a strong red shift of about 51 meV in emission energy with increase in laser intensity due to the photodarkening. The peak position of the emission spectrum can be tuned by increasing the laser intensity and is completely reversible with decrease in laser intensity. It is proposed that laser-induced darkening occurs due to the dissociation of ZnTe into ZnTe and Te and that crystallization is a consequence of laser annealing.     

Synthesis and laser patterning of Bi-doped Y3Fe5O12 crystals in germanosilicate glasses

New germanosilicate glasses giving the crystallization of yttrium iron garnet Y₃Fe₅O₁₂ (YIG) and Bi-doped YIG, 23Na₂O-xBi₂O₃-(12−x)Y₂O₃-25Fe₂O₃-20SiO₂-20GeO₂ (mol%), are developed, and the laser-induced crystallization technique is applied to the glasses to pattern YIG and Bi-doped YIG crystals on the glass surface. It is clarified from the Mössbauer effect measurements that iron ions in the glasses are present mainly as Fe³⁺. It is suggested from the X-ray diffraction analyses and magnetization measurements that Si⁴⁺ ions are incorporated into YIG crystals formed in the crystallization of glasses. The irradiations (laser power: 32-60 mW and laser scanning speed: 7 μm/s) of continuous wave Yb:YVO₄ fiber laser (wavelength: 1080 nm) are found to induce YIG and Bi-doped YIG crystals, indicating that Fe³⁺ ions in the glasses act as suitable transition metal ions for the laser-induced crystallization. It is suggested that YIG and Bi-doped YIG crystals in the laser irradiated part might orient. The present study will be a first step for the patterning of magnetic crystals containing iron ions in glasses.     

Analyses of surface coloration on TiO2 film irradiated with excimer laser

TiO₂ film of around 850 nm in thickness was deposited on a soda-lime glass by PVD sputtering and irradiated using one pulse of krypton-fluorine (KrF) excimer laser (wavelength of 248 nm and pulse duration of 25 ns) with varying fluence. The color of the irradiated area became darker with increasing laser fluence. Irradiated surfaces were characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Surface undergoes thermal annealing at low laser fluence of 400 and 590 mJ/cm². Microcracks at medium laser fluence of 1000 mJ/cm² are attributed to surface melting and solidification. Hydrodynamic ablation is proposed to explain the formation of micropores and networks at higher laser fluence of 1100 and 1200 mJ/cm². The darkening effect is explained in terms of trapping of light in the surface defects formed rather than anatase to rutile phase transformation as reported by others. Controlled darkening of TiO₂ film might be used for adjustable filters.