基于生物质谱技术的磷酰化修饰策略在多肽测序中的应用

该文建立了一种利用磷酰化修饰结合电喷雾质谱(ESI-Q-TOF)测定多肽氨基酸序列的有效方法。利用Atherton-Todd反应,以二丙基亚磷酰酯(DPP)为磷酰化试剂,应用生物质谱技术,对磷酰化修饰后的5种模型肽的磷酰化反应情况进行了系统研究,考察了磷酰化肽的二级质谱特征,并与未经磷酰化反应的肽的二级质谱特征对比。结果表明,经过磷酰化修饰后,肽的二级质谱中的a1离子信号强度明显增加,可以准确鉴定其N端氨基酸;b系列离子信息完整,信号强度增强,使得多肽C ID测序的谱图简单、清晰,有利于肽的氨基酸序列的测定;赖氨酸(K,128.10 u)和谷氨酰胺(Q,128.13 u)两种氨基酸质荷比相近,由于二者磷酰化修饰后的差异性,使其得到准确区分。经过5种已知氨基酸序列的模型肽的磷酰化后结合质谱技术进行氨基酸序列测定验证,结果表明该方法简单、快速、准确,提高了利用质谱技术进行多肽测序的准确度和灵敏度,可为蛋白质组学研究提供有效的技术手段。     

尿苷5′-位磷酰胺的合成及电喷雾电离质谱研究

以三氯氧磷为磷酰化试剂,与尿嘧啶核苷反应,将所得中间产物尿苷磷酰二氯进行胺解,生成具有抗病毒活性的尿苷磷酰胺化合物,目标化合物结构通过核磁确认,并用电喷雾电离串联质谱(ESI MS/MS)仪检测产物,研究了此类化合物的质谱裂解规律,发现了1个类似环磷腺苷的环状裂解碎片,该结果得到密度泛函理论的支持,对尿苷含磷衍生物质谱裂解数据库是一个重要的补充.     

联吡啶与铼、钌络合物的核磁共振谱分析

对2，2’—联吡啶—4，4’—二羧酸乙酯与过渡金属铼络合物(化合物1)和钌络合物(化合物2)的结构进行了核磁共振与电喷雾质谱(ESI—MS)的分析研究；利用^1H—^1H COSY、HSQC、HMBC等二维相关NMR谱淮确表征了化合物的结构，观测了远程偶合作用。     

质谱技术在蛋白质、多肽化学中的应用

文中介绍了几种新的质谱技术: 快原子轰击质谱(fast atom bombardment-MS, 简称FAB-MS)、串联质谱(tandem mass spectrometry, 简称MS/MS)、电喷雾电离质谱(electrospray ionization-MS, 简称ESI-MS)和基质辅助的激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time offlight MS, 简称MALDI-TOF-MS), 这几种技术的相互补充使得质谱比较有效地用于蛋白质结构测定。文中例举了几个实例说明了它们在蛋白质的分子量测定,蛋白质和多肽的纯度鉴定, 糖肽的结构测定及特殊的N-端封闭的或一般的蛋白质和多肽的顺序测定中的应用。     

几种4-氨基吡啶衍生物的多级质谱裂解途径

为获得高效的海洋生物毒素河豚毒素(TTX)解毒剂,合成了一系列4-氨基吡啶类衍生物N-二异丙基磷酰化氨基酸-N-4-氨基吡啶;研究了N-二异丙基磷酰化氨基酸-N-4-氨基吡啶的多级质谱(ESI-MS/MS)裂解方式;提出了碎片离子m/z=95的裂解途径,并推测了其重排机理.结果表明,该类化合物具有相同分子量的碎片离子c/c′,是由两种母离子a或b离子裂解得到的.通过在吡啶环上引入氯原子可证实该裂解途径;而碎片离子m/z=95源于离子重排.     

2-氨基-3-硝基吡啶和2-氨基-5-硝基吡啶的CI-MS-MS分析

二氨基-3-硝基吡啶和2_氨基-5-硝基吡啶的EI—MS质谱图接近，单纯通过Ⅱ-MS质谱图较难区分这两种异构体，作者以甲烷为反应气对2-氨基-3-硝基吡啶和2-氨基-5-硝基吡啶进行化学电离，并利用离子阱质谱的串联质谱技术在离子阱内以He作碰撞气进行碰撞诱导裂解，所得的CI—MS—MS质谱图表明，两者之间存在明显的差别，可用于2-氨基-3-硝基吡啶和2-氨基一5一硝基吡啶的鉴别。     

利用三级质谱与二级质谱匹配策略鉴定丹参中酚酸类成分

多级质谱信息(MS/MS information)可提供鉴定化合物结构的关键线索,多级质谱(MS/MS)图谱到结构的转换(MS/MS spectrum to structure)是精准鉴定化合物结构的重要过程。本研究提出了化合物的三级质谱(MS³)图谱与其结构单元的二级质谱(MS²)图谱匹配策略,实现了化合物结构的精准鉴定。首先,利用三重四极杆复合线性离子阱质谱仪(Qtrap-MS)的双碰撞池,采集酯类化合物酯基质谱裂解产生的特征碎片离子(c^–和y^–)在线性离子阱(LIT)内经第二次碰撞诱导解离(Collision-induced dissociation, CID)后的MS³图谱,并同步采集其结构单元化合物([M–H]^–)在LIT中经碰撞诱导解离后的MS²图谱,结果表明,酯类化合物特征碎片离子的MS³图谱与结构单元化合物的MS²图谱匹配。最后,采用HR-MS/MS对丹参总酚酸(Total ...     

液相色谱/电喷雾质谱(LC/ESI/MS)在蛋白质分析鉴定中的应用

对液相色谱／电喷雾质谱（LC／ESI／MS）在蛋白质分子量测定、一级结构的分析、蛋白质和多肽纯度的鉴定、肽质量酶谱、蛋白质分子内二硫键的定量和定位、磷酰化位置的测定以及在蛋白质组中的应用等方面进行了综述和讨论。     

LC-MS-MS测定烤鳗中4种氟喹诺酮药物残留量

应用LC—MS—MS技术,建立了快速准确测定烤鳗中4种常见的氟喹诺酮药物残留量的方法,样品经简单的溶剂提取后即可上机测定,在10～50μg／kg范围内添加回收率良好,检出限10μg／kg．本文还讨沦了流动相以及质谱碰撞能对4种氟喹诺酮药物的质谱行为的影响,并借助准MS—MS—MS技术探讨了氟喹诺酮药物的质潜碎片产生机理。     

液相基质辅助激光解吸电离-傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱研究

选用液相基质制样,考察了激光强度、回旋池开门时间等因数对基质辅助激光解吸电离-傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(MALDI—FT—ICR—MS)检测结果的影响,优化了实验条件。使用液相制样方法对5类实际样品进行了MALDI—FT-ICR—MS检测,结果表明：液相基质具有很好的通用性,质谱信号稳定、持久。利用FT-ICR—MS特有的超高分辨率与准确度,能够很准确地测定化合物组成。     

Sediment extraction and clean-up for organic phosphorus analysis by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

A method to prepare NaOH sediment extracts for organic P compound analysis with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS-MS) was developed on natural samples. Ion exchange, rotary evaporation and mass cut-off filtering proved to be suitable for sample preparation. Samples were analyzed with ESI-MS-MS, and reproducibility and repeatability of the method was calculated. In addition, ³¹P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (³¹P NMR) was used to measure recovery of different P compound groups such as orthophosphate (Ortho-P), orthophosphate monoesters (Monoester-P), orthophosphate diesters (Diester-P) and pyrophosphates (Pyro-P).

The developed sample preparation method resulted in an easy-to-spray liquid for the ESI-MS-MS instrumentation. The overall P recovery was 65% and ³¹P NMR showed that Diester-P, possibly in the form of DNA, was apparently lost through the filtering step most likely due to their size. Variances in the total intensities of the MS scans (relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) 35–54%) were for about 50% due to repeated MS runs. Covariances of the peaks in the MS spectra were calculated to be for about 30% due to the sample preparation procedure. Finally, with the ESI-MS-MS approach, 11 peaks in the mass spectra were found likely to represent phosphate containing compounds.     

Characterization of ageing products of ester-based synthetic lubricants by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and by electrospray ionization (tandem) mass spectrometry

Ageing products of a commercial jet engine oil based on pentaerythritol tetraesters which were formed upon operation in an aviation turbine were detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and characterized by LC-ESI-MS. The fatty acid composition of these ageing products was investigated by ESI-MS-MS analysis. The ammonium adducts of the newly formed pentaerythritol tetraester degradation products were found to be suitable parent ions for further structure elucidation work. ESI-MS, LC-ESI-MS and ESI-MS-MS proved to be versatile tools to study the chemical composition (distribution of homologues) as well as the mechanism of ageing of ester based lubricants on a molecular level. Due to its high sensitivity, ESI-MS can also be used to characterize and identify trace levels of ester-based lubricants.     

Analysis of proteins in the spent culture medium of Lupinus albus by electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry

Lupinus albus cell cultures secrete a large set of hydrolases into their medium with a small number of highly abundant proteins. We have investigated the protein composition of the medium with two different methods, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS-MS) and enzymatic analysis. The proteomic approach revealed the presence of several abundant proteins that had been overlooked using standard enzyme assays, e.g. subtilisin-like protease, glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, chitinase, thaumatin-like protein, and a secretory pathogenesis-related protein. Several low-abundant proteins were readily detectable by enzymatic assays (peroxidases, phosphatase), but could not be found by ESI-MS-MS. Both data sets support the assumed lytic function of the medium, which appears to be similar to that of the plant vacuole.     

Studies on nitroaromatic compound degradation in modified Fenton reactions by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS-MS)

Degradation products resulting from modified Fenton reactions with the nitroaromatic compounds trinitrotoluene (TNT) and trinitrobenzene (TNB) were identified by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS-MS). Several hydroperoxide adducts were tentatively identified as initial, one-electron reduction products of TNT and tandem mass spectrometry confirmed their structure. A transformation pathway of TNT, resulting from reactions with oxygen radical species generated by the modified Fenton reaction, was proposed.     

Application of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the rapid and sensitive determination of cobalt in urine

Recently, cobalt (Co) is reported to be taken as a supplement by athletes for improving anaerobic performance. For the diagnosis of abuse, the limit of detection (LOD) of Co in the analysis should be lower than the concentrations of Co in plasma and urine of normal persons. A simple, rapid and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of Co in urine. Co was complexed with diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) and extracted with isoamyl alcohol in the presence of citric acid. The detection of Co was achieved by injecting a 1-μL aliquot of isoamyl alcohol containing Co-DDC complex directly into an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (ESI-MS-MS) instrument without chromatographic separation. The quantification was performed using selected reaction monitoring at m/z 291 of the product ion Co(C₄H₁₀NCS)₂⁺ which was produced by collision-induced dissociation from the precursor ion Co(DDC)₂⁺ at m/z 355. ESI-MS-MS data were obtained in less than 10 min with an LOD of 0.05 μg L⁻¹ and a linear calibration range of 0.1-100 μg L⁻¹ using 10 μL of urine. The procedure was validated with certified reference materials (SRM 2670a and SRM 1643e). This method is suitable for the analysis of Co in the laboratories already equipped with an ESI-MS-MS instrument.     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定动物饲料中的10种磺胺

建立了动物饲料中10种常用磺胺(磺胺嘧啶、磺胺吡啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺-5-甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲氧哒嗪、磺胺甲基异唑、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶(SDM)和磺胺喹啉(SQX))的高效液相色谱(HPLC)-串联质谱检测方法。样品经提取、固相萃取净化、稀释、HPLC分离后进行质谱分析,在多反应监测模式(MRM)下进行特征母-子离子对信号采集。结合保留时间和离子对信息进行定性分析,以共同碎片离子m/z 156进行定量。10种磺胺的定量检测限(S/N=10)为0.5~2.0 μg/kg,在2.0~200 μg/L(SDM和SQX:1.0~100 μg/L)时峰强度与质量浓度的线性关系良好(r>0.9995)。添加水平为1.0 mg/kg时,10种磺胺的平均回收率范围为70%~92%,日内相对标准偏差小于10%,日间相对标准偏差小于15%。结果表明,该法简单、灵敏,特异性强,适用于饲料中多磺胺组分的分析。     

Novel, highly robust method of carbohydrate pre-purification by two-dimensional liquid chromatography prior to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

We describe a novel two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) method for fast and robust isolation and concentration of low abundant carbohydrates (sorbitol, glycerol) from biological matrices (plasma and urine). Off-line pre-purified fractions, enriched by analyte of interest, were analyzed by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS-MS). Initial 2D-LC automated sample pre-purification improved MS detection, eliminated matrix effects, and achieved high sensitivity (picogram detection limit) with a 6 min runtime and increased column lifetime. Using this method we have analyzed more than 1300 samples from biological matrices without column replacement.     

大肠杆菌O152中wfgD基因编码的β-1,3-葡萄糖基转移酶产物结构的质谱表征

大肠杆菌O152抗原的寡糖重复单位中含葡萄糖-β-1,3-N-乙酰葡萄糖胺(Glc-β-1,3-GlсNAc)连接键。本研究采用电喷雾离子化多级串联质谱技术对以人工合成的天然受体底物的结构类似物苯氧基十一烷二磷酸-N-乙酰葡萄糖胺(GlcNAc-β-PO3-PO3-(CH2)11-O-phenyl(GlcNAc-PP-PhU))为受体底物,尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖(UDP-Glc)为给予体底物的酶促反应产物进行了详细的结构表征。电喷雾离子化多级串联质谱图中观察到的主要碎片源于磷酸二酯键部分和糖苷键的裂解。此外,由观察到的二糖产物非还原端碎片获得了序列信息;跨环断裂碎片及源于吡喃环取代基消除的‘内在’碎裂离子可提供组成产物的单糖残基连接方式信息。广泛的碎裂信息表明wfgD基因编码UDP-Glc:GlcNAc-pyrophosphate-lipid中的β-1-3葡萄糖基转移酶。     

Analytical chemistry of synthetic routes to psychoactive tryptamines. Part I. Characterisation of the Speeter and Anthony synthetic route to 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine using ESI-MS-MS and ESI-TOF-MS

5-Methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT), a new psychoactive tryptamine derivative, has been synthesised by the Speeter and Anthony procedure. This synthetic route was characterised by ESI-MS-MS, ESI-TOF-MS and NMR. Side products have been identified as 3-(2-N,N-diisopropylamino-ethyl)-1H-indol-5-ol (5), 2-N,N-diisopropylamino-1-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethanol (6), 2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethanol (7) and 2-N,N-diisopropylamino-1-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethanone (8).     

Analytical approach for monitoring endocrine-disrupting compounds in urban waste water treatment plants

The presence of endocrine-disrupting compounds in influent and effluent water samples from four waste water treatment plants located in Italy was studied. The estrogen-like activity of the water samples was measured using a chemiluminescent recombinant yeast assay which is based on genetically engineered yeast cells that express the human estrogen receptor. This receptor, once activated, elicits the expression of the reporter gene lac-Z and, consequently, the production of β-galactosidase, which is then measured by chemiluminescence. To control and minimize sample matrix effects, an external control based on a modified yeast strain stably expressing β-galactosidase was developed and also used in the assay. Rapid and sensitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays were also developed and validated for the quantification of 17β-estradiol, estrone, and estriol in waste water samples. Results from both methods were compared with a reference high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC ESI-MS-MS) method developed for the quantification of natural estrogens. The recombinant yeast assay revealed a significant estrogenic activity in the influent samples, ranging from 80 to 400 pmol/L 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQ), which was reduced by 70–95 % in the effluent samples. The yeast assay also showed a systematic 20–30 % overestimation of estrogenic activity relative to the HPLC ESI-MS-MS method, suggesting the presence of other compounds in the samples with estrogenic activity. The chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays showed the presence of estrogens in the influent samples (mean concentrations: 350–450 pmol/L for estrone, 5–100 pmol/L for 17β-estradiol, 25–300 pmol/L for estriol), with significantly lower concentrations detected in the respective effluent samples. The waste water treatment was able to reduce natural estrogen concentrations by 40–95 %, although a high variability was observed. The enzyme immunoassay data correlated well with data obtained by the HPLC ESI-MS-MS method. Although the recombinant yeast assay represents a useful tool for a first-level screening of estrogenic activity due to its simplicity and high analytical throughput, sample matrix effects observed in waste water of industrial origin were found to strongly affect the yeast cells response, even when properly corrected for using the external control, thereby limiting its use to urban waste water. Its integration with chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays would improve its performance by reducing false negative results, thereby enabling its use in extensive studies monitoring for the presence of endocrine-disrupting compounds in urban treatment plant effluents.