三有机锡(4R)-3-[[(2S)-5-氧-2-吡咯烷基]羰基]-4-噻唑烷甲酸酯的合成、结构和体外抗癌活性

利用三有机锡氢氧化物和手性配体(4R)-3-[[(2S)-5-氧-2-吡咯烷基]羰基]-4-噻唑烷甲酸(HL)反应合成了3个三有机锡(4R)-3-[[(2S)-5-氧-2-吡咯烷基]羰基]-4-噻唑烷甲酸酯R3SnL[1,R=c-C6H11(a),C6H5(b),C6H5C(CH3)2CH2(c)],通过元素分析、IR、1H NMR和X-射线单晶衍射表征了其结构。化合物1a属正交晶系,P212121空间群;化合物1b属单斜晶系,P21空间群。二者均为由羧基氧和内酰胺羰基氧桥联配位形成的右螺旋链状有机锡配位聚合物,锡原子具有五配位[SnC3O2]畸变三角双锥构型。化合物1a和1b对体外2种人癌细胞Colo205和Bcap37增殖均有强的抑制作用,其活性为1b1a。     

双-μ-氧代-、μ-氧-μ-硫代-和双-μ-硫代-双(半胱氨酸钼)络合物的合成与分离

对Schultz等的μ-氧-μ-硫代-双[(半胱氨酸)氧代钼酸]钠(2)和双-μ-硫代-双[(半胱氨酸)氧代钼酸]钠(3)的合成方法进行了改良。新方法的原料易得,步骤简便。发展了双-μ-氧代双[(半胱氨酸)氧代钼酸]钠(1)和2、3的纸层析分离、纤维粉柱层析和凝胶柱层析分离方法,可以获得纯度高的1、2和3。     

N-(5-对-氯苯氧甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-S-(4-苯基-5-苯氧甲基-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)乙酰胺的合成与表征

取代苯氧乙酰肼(1a～1c)与异硫氰酸芳基酯(2a～2d)反应得到酰基硫脲类化合物(3a～3l),经碱合环得到4-苯基-5-苯氧甲基-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮(4a～4l),然后再与N-(5-对氯苯氧甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)氯乙酰胺(6)反应合成了化合物N-(5-对氯苯氧甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-S-(4-苯基-5-苯氧甲基-1,2,4-三唑-3-基)乙酰胺(7a～7l)。所有化合物结构经元素分析、IR、1HNMR和MS确证。测定了化合物4e的晶体结构,其属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,晶胞参数a=7.123(4),b=9.786(5),c=11.543(6),α=70.846(7)°,β=80.089(9)°,γ=89.922(11)°,V=747.5(7)3,Dc=1.345g/cm3,Z=2,F(000)=310,μ=0.218mm-1,R=0.0913,wR=0.2622     

2-氰基-3-[1-(4-取代苯氧基苯基)乙胺基]烯酸乙氧乙酯的合成及除草活性

以取代苯酚4和对氟苯乙酮(5)为原料,经4步反应合成关键中间体1-(4-取代苯氧苯基)乙胺(9),再与3种中间体2-氰基-3-乙氧基-2-戊烯酸乙氧乙酯(1)、2-氰基-3,3-二甲硫基丙烯酸乙氧乙酯(2)和2-氰基-3-氯-4,4,4-三氟丁烯酸乙氧乙酯(3)分别发生缩合反应,合成了3个系列共35个新2-氰基-3-[1-(4-取代苯氧基苯基)乙胺基]烯酸乙氧乙酯类化合物(10,11和12).所有新化合物的结构均经过1H NMR,13C NMR,19F NMR和HRMS的确证,并测试了目标化合物的除草活性,部分化合物在剂量为93.75 g/ha时,对双子叶植物油菜和苋菜的抑制率为100%.     

N-[5-(1-对氯苯氧乙基)-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基]- N''''-芳氧乙酰基硫脲的合成与生物活性

通过2-氨基-5-(1-对氯苯氧乙基)-1,3,4-噻二唑与芳氧乙酰基异硫氰酸酯反应,合成了9种新的N-5-[(1-对氯苯氧乙基)-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基]- N'-芳氧乙酰基硫脲,其结构经1H NMR, IR和元素分析确证.初步的生物活性测定结果表明,部分目标化合物具有良好的植物生长调节活性.     

1-(2-氰乙基)-2-氧代环戊基甲酸甲酯的选择性水解脱羧

对1-(2-氰乙基)-2-氧代环戊基甲酸甲酯(4)的选择性水解脱羧反应进行了系统研究. 发现上述化合物在碱的催化作用下主要生成开环副产物2-(2-氰乙基)己二酸二甲酯及2-(2-氰乙基)己二酸; 由于氰基在酸性介质中也可发生水解, 因此对1-(2-氰乙基)-2-氧代环戊基甲酸甲酯在酸性情况下水解脱羧的反应条件进行了探索, 发现在4 mol•L－1盐酸介质中, 50 ℃下反应24 h, 以84.0%的收率得到目标产物3-(2-氧代环戊基)-丙腈.     

5,5-二甲基-2-氧代-2-(N,N-对苯二胺基-二苄基)-二-1,3,2-氧磷杂环己烷的合成及表征

以新戊二醇、三氯化磷和乙醇为原料制得中间体 5 ,5 -二甲基 -1 ,3,2 -二氧磷杂环己烷 -2 -氧 ( DPDO) ,用DPDO与由芳醛和对苯二胺缩合制得的席夫碱 SB ～ SB 加成 ,合成了膨胀型阻燃剂 5 ,5 -二甲基 -2 -氧代 -2 -( N,N -对苯二胺基 -二苄基 ) -二 -1 ,3,2 -氧磷杂环己烷 ( DPPO ～ DPPO ) ,通过元素分析 ,IR,NMR和 MS对其结构进行表征 ,并对其在醇酸清漆中的应用进行了讨论     

N-取代2-(5-氯-2-(金刚基-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧代乙酰胺衍生物的合成及其细胞毒活性

以金刚烷甲酰氯为起始原料,经亲核取代、吲哚环合及酰化反应制得中间体2-(5-氯-2-金刚烷-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧代乙酰（4）; 4与取代胺反应合成了14个新的N-取代2-(5-氯-2-(金刚基-1-基)-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧代乙酰胺衍生物(5a~5n),其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS(ESI)表征。采用MTT法研究了化合物对人子宫颈癌细胞（Hela）、乳腺癌细胞（MCF-7）和人肝癌细胞（HepG-2）的体外抗肿瘤活性。结果显示：化合物2-(5-氯-2-金刚烷-1H-吲哚-3-基)-N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-2-氧代乙酰胺（5e）的体外抑制活性最优,IC₅₀分别为14.10、 10.56和8.55 μmol·L^-1。     

一种新的保护的2-脱氧-2-氨基葡二糖合成

以氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐为原料制得糖基给体3,4,6-三-氧-乙酰-2-脱氧-2-(2,2,2-三氯乙氧)甲酰胺基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖基三氯乙酰亚胺酯(5)和糖基受体烯丙基-4,6-氧-亚苄基-2-脱氧-2-(2,2,2-三氯乙氧)甲酰胺基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7).在三甲基硅基三氟甲基磺酸酯(TMSOTf)条件下,给体5与受体7反应得到一种新的二糖烯丙基-3,4,6-三-氧-乙酰-2-脱氧-2-(2,2,2-三氯乙氧)甲酰胺基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→3)-4,6-氧-亚苄基-2-脱氧-2-(2,2,2-三氯乙氧)甲酰胺基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖糖苷(10),收率为39.2%.当7在无水BaO和Ba(OH)2·8H2O的条件下与BnBr进行3-OH苄基化反应时,却得到了烯丙基-3-氧-苄基-4,6-氧-亚苄基-2-脱氧-2-羟甲酰胺基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8).改用Ag2O条件下与BnBr进行苄基化,得到预期的烯丙基-3-氧-苄基-4,6-氧-亚苄基-2-脱氧-2-(2,2,2-三氯乙氧)甲酰胺基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(9),从而避免了氨基保护基三氯乙氧甲酰基的水解.标题化合物10对枯草芽孢杆菌、葡伎根霉等微生物有一定的抑制作用.     

N-[5-（1-对氯苯氧乙基）-1，3，4-噻二唑-2-基]-N′-芳氧乙酰基硫脲的合成与生物活性

通过2-氨基15-(1-对氯苯氧乙基)-1，3，4-噻二唑与芳氧乙酰基异硫氰酸酯反应，合成了9种新的N-5-[(1-对氯苯氧乙基)-1，3，4-噻二唑-2-基]-N′-芳氧乙酰基硫脲，其结构经^1HNMR，IR和元素分析确证。初步的生物活性测定结果表明，部分目标化合物具有良好的植物生长调节活性。     

Hydrolysis of uranium(VI) at variable temperatures (10-85 degrees C)

The hydrolysis of uranium(VI) in tetraethylammonium perchlorate (0.10 mol dm(-3) at 25 degrees C) was studied at variable temperatures (10-85 degrees C). The hydrolysis constants (*beta(n,m)) and enthalpy of hydrolysis (Delta H(n,m)) for the reaction mUO(2)(2+) + nH(2)O = (UO(2))(m)(OH)(n)((2m-n))+) + nH(+) were determined by titration potentiometry and calorimetry. The hydrolysis constants, *beta(1,1), *beta(2,2), and *beta(5,3), increased by 2-5 orders of magnitude as the temperature was increased from 10 to 85 degrees C. The enthalpies of hydrolysis, Delta H(2,2) and Delta H(5,3), also varied: Delta H(2,2) became more endothermic while Delta H(5,3) became less endothermic as the temperature was increased. The heat capacities of hydrolysis, Delta C(p(2,2)) and Delta C(p(5,3)), were calculated to be (152 +/- 43) J K(-1) mol(-1) and -(229 +/- 34) J K(-1) mol(-1), respectively. UV/Vis absorption spectra supported the trend that hydrolysis of U(VI) was enhanced at elevated temperatures. Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy provided additional information on the hydrolyzed species at different temperatures. Approximation approaches to predict the effect of temperature were tested with the data from this study.     

杂环反铂(Ⅱ)抗癌药物水解反应机理的DFT研究

用DFT-B3LYP方法和IEF-PCM溶剂化模型研究了反铂抗癌药物trans-[PtCl2(piperidine)(Am)](Am=2-picoline(1),3-picoline(2),4-picoline(3)),trans-[PtCl2(piperidine)(piperazine)](4),trans-[PtCl2(pipera-zine)2](5)and trans-[PtCl2(iminoether)2](6)的水解过程.水解反应是药物与DNA靶分子作用的关键活化步骤.全优化和表征了一水解和二水解反应经由一般的SN2路径过程所有物种的势能面稳定点.结果发现反应过程遵循已经建立的平面正方形配合物的配体取代反应理论,即取代反应通常通过一个三角双锥过渡态结构的铂配体交换反应发生.得到的过渡态结构与以前的相关工作一致,所有反应都是吸热反应;所有体系的二水解能垒都高于一水解.与顺铂相比,这些配合物都有更快的水解反应速率;并与以前类似的反铂配合物的研究做了比较.研究结果提供了这些配合物水解反应过程的详细能量变化,对理解药物与DNA靶分子的作用机理和新型反铂抗癌药物的设计有帮助.     

Proton-in-flight mechanism for the spontaneous hydrolysis of N-methyl O-phenyl sulfamate: implications for the design of steroid sulfatase inhibitors

The hydrolysis of N-methyl O-phenyl sulfamate (1) has been studied as a model for steroid sulfatase inhibitors such as Coumate, 667 Coumate, and EMATE. At neutral pH, simulating physiological conditions, hydrolysis of 1 involves an intramolecular proton transfer from nitrogen to the bridging oxygen atom of the leaving group. Remarkably, this proton transfer is estimated to accelerate the decomposition of 1 by a factor of 10(11). Examination of existing kinetic data reveals that the sulfatase PaAstA catalyzes the hydrolysis of sulfamate esters with catalytic rate accelerations of ~10(4), whereas the catalytic rate acceleration generated by the enzyme for its cognate substrate is on the order of ~10(15). Rate constants for hydrolysis of a wide range of sulfuryl esters, ArOSO(2)X(-), are shown to be correlated by a two-parameter equation based on pK(a)(ArOH) and pK(a)(ArOSO2XH).     

Three New Polyyne (=Polyacetylene) Glucosides from the Edible Roots of Codonopsis cordifolioidea

Three new linear C₁₄ polyyne (=polyacetylene) glucosides, cordifolioidynes A–C ( 1 – 3 ), together with two known polyynes, lobetyol ( 4 ) and lobetyolin ( 5 ), and five known phenylpropanoids, i.e., sinapinaldehyde ( 6 ), coniferaldehyde ( 7 ), coniferoside ( 8 ), sachaliside ( 9 ), and isoconiferin ( 10 ), were isolated from the roots of Codonopsis cordifolioidea. The structures of 1 – 3 were established from spectral evidences and by characterization of their hydrolysis products. Acid hydrolysis of 1 afforded the aglycone 1a , while hydrolysis of 2 and 3 gave the cyclization products 2a and 3a , respectively. Compounds 4 – 10 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The antibacterial activity of compounds 1 – 5 were assessed against eight microbial strains by the agar dilution method, none of them exhibited antibacterial effects at concentrations up to 100 μg/ml.     

Unexpected stability of aryl beta-N-acetylneuraminides in neutral solution: biological implications for sialyl transfer reactions

A reagent panel comprised of seven aryl beta-D-N-acetylneuraminides was synthesized and then used to probe the mechanisms of nonenzymatic hydrolysis. These reactions proceeded via four independent pathways: (1) acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the neutral molecule; (2) acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the anionic form, or its kinetic equivalent spontaneous hydrolysis of the neutral form; (3) spontaneous hydrolysis of the anionic form; and (4) a base-promoted pathway. The pH-independent spontaneous hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminide (5) occurs at a rate that is over 100 times faster than that of the corresponding reaction of 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-N-acetylneuraminide (4a). Spontaneous hydrolyses of four aryl beta-D-N-acetylneuraminides displayed a beta(lg) value of -1.24 +/- 0.16 (pH = 8.1, T = 100 degrees C), and at a pH value of 1.0 (50 degrees C), all seven panel members gave a beta(lg) value of 0.14 +/- 0.08. The aqueous ethanolyses of 4a and 5 gave similar products and displayed sensitivity parameters (m) in a standard Winstein-Grunwald analysis of -0.04 +/- 0.01 and +0.23 +/- 0.02, respectively. These results, plus the activation parameters calculated for the spontaneous hydrolyses of the anionic forms of 5 (DeltaH() = 116 +/- 2 kJ mol(-1) and DeltaS = 27 +/- 4 J mol(-1) K(-1)) and 4a (DeltaH = 138 +/- 3 kJ mol(-1) and DeltaS = 59 +/- 8 J mol(-1) K(-1)), are inconsistent with anomeric carboxylate assistance occurring during the hydrolysis reactions, and the likely cause for the enhanced reactivity of 5 in comparison to that of 4a is an increase in ground-state steric strain.     

An Unexpected Hydrolysis Product from Strobilurin Fungicide： Azoxystrobin

The hydrolysis reaction of azoxystrobin in a methanol solution was studied, obtaining a novel compound 3,3-dimethoxy-2-(2-(6-methoxy pyrimidin-4-yloxy)phenyl) propanoic acid. The hydrolysis reaction may be helpful to explaining the degradation mechanism of azoxystrobin in soil or plant, which is also a method for further study on metabolism in vitro. The crystal structure was confirmed by 1H NMR and MS and determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 8.5662(2), b = 10.5074(6), c = 10.9849(7), α = 62.8370(10), β = 73.2170(10), γ = 73.3100(2)o, C16H18N2O6, Mr = 334.32, V = 828.09(9)3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.341 g/cm3, F(000) = 352, μ = 0.104 mm-1, S = 1.075, the final R = 0.0665 and wR = 0.1593 for 2083 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I) and 220 variable parameters. The crystal analysis shows that the hydrolysis product contains two rings, and a one- dimensional chain structure is formed via the intermolecular hydrogen bond O(1)-H(101)···N(2).     

1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane metal complexes as potent promoters of phosphodiester hydrolysis under physiological conditions

Previously reported mono- and dinuclear Zn(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) complexes of 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane ([12]aneN4 or cyclen) with different heterocyclic spacers (triazine, pyridine) of various lengths (bi- and tripyridine) or an azacrown-pendant have been tested for the hydrolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP) under physiological conditions (pH 7-9, 25 degrees C). All Zn(II) complexes promote the hydrolysis of BNPP under physiological conditions, while those of Cu(II) and Ni(II) do not have a significant effect on the hydrolysis reaction. The hydrolysis kinetics in buffered solutions (0.05 M Bis/Tris, TRIS, HEPES, or CHES, I=0.1 M, NaCl) at 25 degrees C were determined by the initial slope method (product conversion<5%). Comparison of the second-order pH-independent rate constants (kBNPP, M(-1) s(-1)) for the mononuclear complexes ZnL1, ZnL3, and ZnL6, which are 6.1x10 (-5), 5.1x10(-5), and 5.7x10(-5), respectively, indicate that the heterocyclic moiety improves the rate of hydrolysis up to six times over the parent Zn([12]aneN4) complex (kBNPP=1.1x10(-5) M(-1) s(-1)). The reactive species is the Zn(II)-OH- complex, in which the Zn(II)-bound OH- acts as a nucleophile. For dinuclear complexes Zn2L2, Zn2L4, and Zn2L5, the rate of reaction is defined by the degree of cooperation between the metal centers, which is determined by the spacer length. Zn2L2 and Zn2L4 possessing shorter spacers are able to hydrolyze BNPP 1 to 2 orders of magnitudes faster than Zn2L5. The second-order rate constants k of Zn2L4 and Zn2L2 at pH 7, 8, and 9 are significantly higher than those of previously reported related complexes. The high BNPP hydrolytic activity may be related to pi-stacking and hydrophobic interactions between the aromatic spacer moieties and the substrate. Complexes Zn2L4 and Zn2L2 show hydrolytic activity at pH 7 and 8, which allows for the hydrolysis of activated phosphate esters under physiological conditions.     

Hydrolysis mechanisms for the acetylpyridinephenylhydrazone ligand in sulfuric acid

The excess acidity method was applied to rate data obtained for 2-acetylpyridinephenylhydrazone hydrolysis in strong acid media using various aqueous/organic solvents, and it was observed that the reaction rate decreases with increasing permittivity of the medium. Two hydrolysis mechanisms are indicated. Below 0.6 M H(2)SO(4), no hydrolysis was observed; between 0.6 and 6.0 M H(2)SO(4), the substrate hydrolyzes by an A-S(E)2 mechanism and switches to an A-2 mechanism at higher acidity. This change of mechanism was justified on the basis of the syn and anti rotational conformers of the diene -N((1))=C-C=N((2))- group; the greater stability of the former can be explained by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the proton and the N((1)) and N((2)) nitrogen atoms, giving rise to a very stable five-membered ring. If the syn conformer is predominant, then no hydrolysis is observed; above 0.6 M, the attack of a second proton gives rise to a balance between the syn and anti forms, the latter being responsible for the hydrolysis of the hydrazone group.     

Simultaneous analysis of aspartame and its hydrolysis products of Coca-Cola Zero by on-line postcolumn derivation fluorescence detection and ultraviolet detection coupled two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography

An innovative two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography system was developed for the simultaneous analysis of aspartame and its hydrolysis products of Coca-Cola Zero. A C8 reversed-phase chromatographic column with ultraviolet detection was used as the first dimension for the determination of aspartame, and a ligand-exchange chromatographic column with on-line postcolumn derivation fluorescence detection was employed as the second dimension for the analysis of amino acid enantiomers. The fluorimetric derivative reagent of amino acid enantiomers was o-phthaldialdehyde. The hydrolysis of aspartame in Coca-Cola Zero was induced by electric-heating or microwave heating. Aspartame was quantified by the matrix matched external standard calibration curve with a linear concentration range of 0-50 μg mL(-1) (r(2)=0.9984). The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 1.3 μg mL(-1) and 4.3 μg mL(-1), respectively. The amino acid enantiomers was analyzed by the matrix matched internal standard calibration method (D-leucine as the internal standard) with a linear concentration range of 0-10 μg mL(-1) (r(2)=0.9988-0.9997). The LODs and LOQs for L- and D-aspartic acid and L- and D-phenylalanine were 0.16-0.17 μg mL(-1) and 0.52-0.55 μg mL(-1), respectively, that was 12-13 times more sensitive than ultraviolet detection. The overall analysis accuracy for aspartame and amino acid enantiomers was 90.2-99.2% and 90.4-96.2%, respectively. The overall analysis precision for aspartame and amino acid enantiomers was 0.1-1.7% and 0.5-6.7%, respectively. Generally, the extent of aspartame hydrolysis increases with the increase of electro-thermal temperature, microwave power, and the duration of hydrolysis time. D-aspartic acid and D-phenylalanine can be observed with the electro-thermal racemization at the hydrolysis temperature 120°C for 1 day and only D-aspartic acid can be observed at the hydrolysis temperature 90°C for 2 and 3 days. For the microwave induced hydrolysis, only L-aspartic acid was detected at the power 560 W for 1 min and 320 W for 3 min.     

Efficient rate enhancement due to intramolecular general base (IGB) assistance in the hydrolysis of N-(o-hydroxyphenyl)phthalimide

The rates of the hydrolyses of N-(o-hydroxyphenyl)phthalimide (1) and N-(o-methoxyphenyl)phthalimide (2), studied at different pH, show that the hydrolysis of 1 involves intramolecular general base (IGB) assistance where the o-O- group of ionized 1 acts as IGB and H2O as the reactant. The rate enhancement due to the IGB-assisted reaction of H2O with ionized 1 is>8x10(4)-fold. Pseudo-first-order rate constant for the reaction of water with 2 is approximately 2x10(3)-fold smaller than the first-order rate constant (0.10 s-1) for pH-independent hydrolysis of 1 within the pH range of 9.60-10.10. Second-order rate constants (kOH) for hydroxide ion-assisted hydrolysis of ionized 1 and 2 are 3.0 and 29.1 M-1 s-1, respectively. The solvent deuterium kinetic isotope effect (dKIE) on the rate of alkaline hydrolysis of 1 and 2 reveals that the respective values of kOH/kOD are 0.84 and 0.78, where kOD represents the second-order rate constant for DO--assisted cleavage of these imides (1 and 2). The value of kwH2O/kdD2O is 2.04, with kwH2O and kdD2O representing pseudo-first-order rate constants for the reactions of ionized 1 with H2O and D2O, respectively.