基于相关法的哈特曼图像网格自动划分方法

在哈特曼波前测量过程中,需要对哈特曼图像进行网格划分用于计算波前斜率。传统的网格划分方法通过观察哈特曼图像手动调整网格位置和网格间距。该方法不但需要人工干预,还给波前实时测量带来困难。为实现哈特曼图像网格划分的自动化,研究了基于相关法的哈特曼图像网格自动划分方法。该方法首先对哈特曼图像进行自相关求取网格行列数以及网格间距,然后利用该网格建立相应的模拟光斑图像,最后对模拟光斑图像和哈特曼图像进行互相关求取网格最佳位置。该方法无需人工干预,耗时短,实现了网格实时自动划分。     

高污染基因芯片图像的网格划分

对基因芯片图像进行网格划分是基因芯片图像处理的基础，针对高污染基因芯片图像中高亮污渍对网格划分造成的干扰，将高亮目标分为靶点、污渍块和污渍点3种类型，根据其不同特征分别进行处理，提出一种新的网格划分算法。利用全局分割确定高亮目标所在位置，根据污渍点的特征，使用图像腐蚀技术对其进行剔除；根据污渍块的特征，对其先进行膨胀处理，然后对其进行剔除，可消除污渍块及其边缘痕迹。使用自协方差对没有污渍的图像进行网格划分，实验表明，对于高污染基因芯片图像，该算法可以得到理想的网格划分结果，靶点检测平均准确率可以达到94.73%。     

哈特曼测量大气相干长度研究

研究了利用哈特曼波前传感器测量大气相干长度的两种方法：一种是测量两个子孔径恒星光波到达角起伏方差的差分像运动法;另一种是测量恒星波前分布,通过波前分布的剩余方差推算得到大气相干长度。试验测量结果表明,两种方法得到的测量结果基本一致,得到了大气相干长度的可靠数据,两种方法得到了相互验证,实现了在应用哈特曼波前传感器测量大气波前分布时,同时得到当前的大气信息,对分析哈特曼波前传感器的测量结果有参考意义。     

哈特曼测量大气相干长度研究

研究了利用哈特曼波前传感器测量大气相干长度的两种方法:一种是测量两个子孔径恒星光波到达角起伏方差的差分像运动法;另一种是测量恒星波前分布,通过波前分布的剩余方差推算得到大气相干长度。试验测量结果表明,两种方法得到的测量结果基本一致,得到了大气相干长度的可靠数据,两种方法得到了相互验证,实现了在应用哈特曼波前传感器测量大气波前分布时,同时得到当前的大气信息,对分析哈特曼波前传感器的测量结果有参考意义。     

点光源哈特曼最优阈值估计方法研究

针对夏克-哈特曼波前传感器探测系统中噪声随时间及空间变化频率较快的特点,为了准确估计系统的最优阈值,根据高斯光斑与噪声的分布特性,提出一种以滑动窗口内像素均值及图像信号的局部梯度作为参数,构造关于噪声权重函数的方法,由此获得子孔径阈值的最优估计值,并详细分析了算法的基本原理和实现过程.以典型处理方法获取的阈值与理论最优阈值的误差作为评价标准,仿真和实验结果表明本文提出的阈值估计方法在不同信噪比、不同光斑大小的条件下,均能取得优于典型阈值处理方法获得的结果,且与理论最优阈值的误差小于10%.     

高功率固体激光装置哈特曼传感器参考波前标定方法

 在高功率固体激光驱动器中,参考波前标定是自适应光学系统应用过程中的关键技术之一。基于国内某大型激光原型装置光路特点,对比研究了两种不同的参考波前标定方法,详细分析了两种方法的标定过程和影响标定结果准确性的主要因素,选取了较为准确的参考波前标定结果。基于该参考波前,对AO系统闭环和开环条件下的远场进行了对比测试,实验证明了标定结果的有效性。该研究结果成功应用于该激光原型装置的AO系统波前补偿实验。     

线性相位反演传感器与哈特曼传感器的实验研究对比

为了进一步分析线性相位反演波前传感器的性能,搭建了基于线性相位反演测量方法的波前传感器的实验装置.针对各种波前随机像差,同时用线性相位波前传感器和哈特曼波前传感器进行测量和复原,将复原结果进行对比.分析了不同的探测分辨力和不同泽尼克复原阶数对线性相位反演传感器复原结果的影响.分析了靶面分辨力,合理的靶面大小对复原精度是有利的,肯定了线性相位反演波前传感器可以用较少的探测单元实现相似精度的测量,采样靶面像素为8 pixel×8 pixel时,误差系数仍很小.利用对随机像差片进行不同阶数的复原,线性相位反演波前传感器的复原残差的误差率基本都在0.25以下,能对前35阶像差进行比较精确的复原.     

高分辨力哈特曼传感器的快速波面重构和拼接

建立哈特曼传感器的模型,证明在高空间分辨力下,可以采用Hudgin模型进行波面重构,避免了采用Fried模型带来的复杂性。对哈特曼子孔径缺失破坏连续性的问题进行了分析,介绍了相应的边缘处理算法。完成了基于离散傅里叶变换的波面重构算法数值模拟,实现了波面的无损重构。针对实际应用中输入波面在被遮挡处不连续的问题,提出了基于最小二乘解的拼接方案,实现了非连续波面拼接。分析了影响波面重构速度的主要因素,提出了提高波面重构性能的方法。

     

高分辨力哈特曼传感器的快速波面重构和拼接

建立哈特曼传感器的模型,证明在高空间分辨力下,可以采用Hudgin模型进行波面重构,避免了采用Fried模型带来的复杂性。对哈特曼子孔径缺失破坏连续性的问题进行了分析,介绍了相应的边缘处理算法。完成了基于离散傅里叶变换的波面重构算法数值模拟,实现了波面的无损重构。针对实际应用中输入波面在被遮挡处不连续的问题,提出了基于最小二乘解的拼接方案,实现了非连续波面拼接。分析了影响波面重构速度的主要因素,提出了提高波面重构性能的方法。     

基于改进的空域相关的多聚焦图像融合

提出了一种简单有效的像素级多聚焦图像融合方法。针对正交小波变换缺乏平移不变性而产生视觉失真的缺陷,采用Atrous算法将原图像分解在不同频率域上。Atrous算法先将滤波器h0(n),h1(n)各点间插入适当的零值后再与低频信号做卷积,故又称为"多孔算法"。将具有抑制噪声性能的空阈相关法作为高频子图像的融合规则,选取相关性强边缘特征显著的点作为最终融合子图像的像素点。实验表明,由此融合的图像能完好的保留边缘纹理信息。融合后的图像在客观评价和主管视觉效果上均有提高。     

快速傅里叶算法在哈特曼夏克传感器波前重构算法中的应用

提出了一种应用快速傅里叶变换算法提高哈特曼－夏克波前传感器波前重构实时性的快速算法，在根据波前斜率值应用最小二乘法估计波前相位的过程中，应用快速傅里叶变换算法进行方程的对角化和相位值的解耗，算法精站度，稳定，空间分辨率越高，算法实时性的优越性就越显著。     

基于相位相关的亚像素配准技术及其在电子稳像中的应用

介绍一种基于相位相关的图像配准方法,并将该方法应用于序列图像的运动检测,通过运动补偿,实现了序列图像的稳定输出。采用相位相关配准方法对序列图像进行亚像素精度配准,运用基于最小二乘的曲面拟合法,估计当前图像相对参考图像的亚像素级的平移量。在补偿图像运动时,为保证亚像素级的补偿精度,采用平滑算法,避免在图像补偿时出现马赛克现象。最后,对样本图像进行了亚像素级位移配准和图像补偿对比实验。实验结果表明,提出的方法可以检测到0．01pixel的运动量,最大配准误差为0．008pixel;采用亚像素级运动量补偿图像,最大误差〈0．5。     

Accurate kinematic measurement at interfaces between dissimilar materials using conforming finite-element-based digital image correlation

Digital image correlation (DIC) is now an extensively applied full-field measurement technique with subpixel accuracy. A systematic drawback of this technique, however, is the smoothening of the kinematic field (e.g., displacement and strains) across interfaces between dissimilar materials, where the deformation gradient is known to be large. This can become an issue when a high level of accuracy is needed, for example, in the interfacial region of composites or joints. In this work, we described the application of global conforming finite-element-based DIC technique to obtain precise kinematic fields at interfaces between dissimilar materials. Speckle images from both numerical and actual experiments processed by the described global DIC technique better captured sharp strain gradient at the interface than local subset-based DIC.     

Kalman filter based initial guess estimation for digital image correlation

In applications digital image correlation based algorithms often present a basis for analysis of movement/deformation of bodies. The sequence of the obtained images is analyzed for this purpose. Especially, in cases when the body׳s movement/deformation between two successive images is significant, the initial guess can have a major influence on the execution speed of the algorithm. In the worst case it can even cause the divergence of the algorithm. This was the inspiration to develop a new and unique approach for an accurate and reliable determination of an initial guess for each image pixel. Kalman filter has been used for this purpose. It uses past measurements of observed variable(s) for calculations. Beside that it also incorporates state space model of the actual system. This is one of the most important advantages provided by Kalman filter. The determined initial guess by the proposed method is actually close to the true one and it enables fast convergence. Even more important property of this approach is the fact that it is not path-dependant because each image pixel, which is defined in ROI, is tracked through the sequence of images based on its own past measurements and general state space model. Consequently, the proposed method can be used to analyze tasks where discontinuities between image pixels are present. The applied method can be used to predict an initial guess where reference and deformed subsets are related by translational and rotational motion. The advantages mentioned above are verified with numerical and real experiments. The experimental validations are performed by NR (Newton–Raphson) approach which is the most widely used. Beside NR method the presented algorithm is applicable for other registration methods as well. It is used as an addition for calculation of initial guesses in a sequence of deformed images.     

基于灰度相关的图像匹配算法的改进

针对目前图像匹配算法中存在的匹配精度不高和匹配速度慢的缺点，对基于灰度相关的2类匹配算法——最小误差法和相关系数法进行了改进。最小误差法采用新的ML距离法，提出动态调整阈值的方法，既保证了匹配精度，又避免了局部噪声的影响；相关系数法对相关系数的计算公式进行了简化，并采用三步搜索策略进行匹配，以达到减少计算量和搜索位置的目的。实验证明：改进后的算法，在保证一定匹配精度的条件下，匹配速度大大提高，能够满足实际应用中的实时性要求。     

基于单幅数字散斑投影及图像相关的离面振动测量

采用单幅数字散斑图投影及高速数字图像采集技术,研究了动态离面位移的测量。采用商用液晶投影仪将计算机产生的模拟散斑图投影到待测动态变形物体表面,由高速数字图像采集设备摄取并保存变形散斑图,采用时间序列数字图像相关软件计算出物体表面各点随时间变化的离面位移。这种方法用于振动分析时不仅可以获得振型分布,而且还可以获得各点的振幅值。与现有的激光频闪照相测振及激光多普勒测振等方法相比,具有光学系统简单,可全场定量测量。悬臂梁振动实验结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

Strain field estimation based on digital image correlation and radial basis function

Two methods based on digital image correlation (DIC) and radial basis function (RBF) were proposed to obtain the accurate strain field in this paper. One is a combined method. RBF was applied to remove the noisy discrete displacement data first. After that, the strain was computed by a local least-squares algorithm. The other is a partial derivative of RBF (PD-RBF) based strain estimation method which integrated denoising with differential process. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed methods were verified through two numerical simulation experiments. A practical application on the normal strain measurement of an aluminum alloy beam under symmetric four-point bending via an outer loading frame was also presented. The measurement results are in good accordance with the data obtained by strain gauges. Furthermore, a shape parameter selection method based on rate of convergence was suggested. The new method simplifies the choice of the good shape parameter.     

Full-field digital image correlation with Kriging regression

A full-field Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method with integrated Kriging regression is presented in this article. The displacement field is formulated as a best linear unbiased model that includes the correlations between all the locations in the Region of Interest (RoI). A global error factor is employed to extend conventional Kriging interpolation to quantify displacement errors of the control points. An updating strategy for the self-adaptive control grid is developed on the basis of the Mean Squared Error (MSE) determined from the Kriging model. Kriging DIC is shown to outperform several other full-field DIC methods when using open-access experimental data. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate the robustness of Kriging DIC to different choices of initial control points and to speckle pattern variability. Finally Kriging DIC is tested on an experimental example.