快速退火对PLD法制备SnS薄膜结构和光学性质的影响

利用脉冲激光沉积(PLD)法在玻璃基片上室温生长SnS薄膜,并在Ar气保护下分别在200,300,400,500,600℃对薄膜进行快速退火处理。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱仪(Raman)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、场发射扫描电子显微镜( FE-SEM)、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计( UV-Vis-NIR)、Keithley 4200-SCS半导体参数分析仪研究了快速退火温度对SnS薄膜的晶体结构、表面形貌以及有关光学性质和电学性能的影响。所制备的SnS薄膜样品沿(111)晶面择优取向生长,退火温度为400℃时的薄膜结晶质量最好。薄膜均具有SnS特征拉曼峰。随着退火温度的升高,薄膜厚度逐渐减小,而平均颗粒尺寸逐渐增大。不同退火温度下的SnS薄膜在可见光范围内的吸收系数均为105 cm-1量级,400℃时退火薄膜的直接带隙为1.92 eV。随着退火温度从300℃升高到500℃,电阻率由1.85×104Ω·cm下降到14.97Ω·cm。     

薄膜厚度对GZO透明导电膜及其LED器件性能的影响

采用射频磁控溅射的方法制备了GZO透明导电薄膜,通过原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、霍尔效应测试仪及紫外-可见光分光光度计等手段研究了厚度对于GZO薄膜性能的影响,并制备了相应的LED器件。实验结果表明:随着薄膜厚度增加,薄膜结晶质量提高,薄膜的电阻率也随之降低。当厚度为500 nm时,薄膜的电阻率最低为2.79×10^-4 Ω·cm,同时其在460 nm蓝光区域的光透过率高达97.9%。对所制备的以GZO薄膜为透明电极的LED器件进行了测试分析,发现GZO薄膜厚度对LED的正向电压影响不大,但对LED芯片的出光效率有较大影响。     

新型AgInSbTe相变薄膜的光学及记录性能

利用直流磁控溅射法制备了一种新型AgInSbTe相变薄膜。示差扫描量热(DSC)实验测定的结晶峰温度为193．92℃。X射线衍射(XRD)表明未经热处理的沉积态薄膜是非晶态,而经过200℃热处理,X射线衍射图出现衍射峰,薄膜从非晶态转变到晶态。同时,研究了晶态和非晶态相变薄膜的吸收率、透射率和反射率随波长的变化。测定了650nm激光作用下的相变薄膜的记录性能,分析了记录功率、记录脉宽对薄膜反射率衬比度的影响,在同一记录脉宽条件下,记录功率越大,反射率衬比度也越大;在同一记录功率条件下,随记录脉宽的增加,反射率衬比度也增大。结果表明,新型AgInSbTe相变薄膜在激光作用下具有较高的反射率衬比度,可获得良好的记录性能。     

界面缺陷态密度与衬底电阻率取值对硅异质结光伏电池性能的影响

在异质结前界面缺陷态密度Dit1和异质结背界面缺陷态密度Dit2均取不同值时,对p型单晶硅(c-Si(p))为衬底的硅异质结太阳电池的衬底电阻率ρ与电池性能的关系进行了数值研究.结果表明:衬底电阻率的最优值ρop取决于前界面缺陷态密度Dit1,且ρop随着Dit1的增大而增大;当ρρop时,背界面缺陷态密度Dit2对衬底电阻率的可取值范围具有较大影响,Dit2越大衬底电阻率的可取值范围越小.     

磁控溅射参数对NiOx薄膜光学常数的影响

采用反应性磁控溅射法制备了NiOx薄膜,并结合椭圆偏振仪、XRD和XPS研究了溅射参量对其光学常量的影响.NiOx薄膜的光学常量随着O2/Ar流量比的增大而减小;热退火后,折射率增大而消光系数下降了50%;溅射功率越大折射率也越大,而工作气压越大折射率反而越小.这些变化分别与薄膜中存在间隙O和Ni空位、NiOx分解以及NiOx薄膜的致密度有关.     

Sb_2Te_3热电薄膜的离子束溅射制备与表征

采用离子束溅射技术交替沉积Sb-Te-Sb多层薄膜后进行高真空热处理,直接制备Sb2Te3薄膜.利用X射线衍射(XRD)仪、霍尔系数测试仪、薄膜Seebeck系数测量系统对所制备的薄膜特性进行表征.XRD测量结果显示,薄膜的主要衍射峰与Sb2Te3标准衍射峰相同,在[101]/[012]晶向取向明显,存在较多的Te杂质峰;霍尔系数测试结果表明,薄膜为p型半导体薄膜,薄膜电阻率较低,其电导率接近于金属电导率,载流子浓度量级为1023cm-3,具有良好的电学性能;Seebeck系数测量结果显示,薄膜具有良好的热电性能,在不同条件下制备的薄膜的Seebeck系数在7.8—62μV/K范围;在所制备的薄膜中,退火时间为6h、退火温度为200℃的薄膜其Seebeck系数达到最大,约为62μV/K,且电阻率最小.     

不同参数溅射的ZnO薄膜硫化后的特性

采用直流反应磁控溅射法在玻璃和石英衬底上沉积了ZnO薄膜, 然后将它们在H^２S气流中 硫化得到ZnS薄膜．用x射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和UV-VIS透过光谱对Zn S薄膜样品进行了分析．结果表明, 该ZnS薄膜为六角晶体结构, 沿(002)晶面择优取向生长, 其结晶状态和透过光谱与工作气压、Ar/O^２流量比密切相关. 当气压高于1Pa 时, 得 到厚度很小的ZnS薄膜; 而气压低于1Pa时, 沉积的ZnO薄膜则不能全部反应生成ZnS. 另外, 当Ar/O^２流量比低于4∶1或高于4∶1时, 结晶状态都会变差. 此外, 由于ZnS薄 膜具有高 的沿(002)晶面择优取向的生长特性, 使得退火或未退火ZnO薄膜硫化后的晶粒尺寸变化很小 . 关键词： ZnS薄膜 磁控溅射 ZnO硫化 太阳电池     

Ga-Ti共掺杂ZnO薄膜的制备及其光电性能

采用ZnO:Ga2O3:TiO2为靶材,在玻璃衬底上射频磁控溅射制备了多晶Ga-Ti共掺杂ZnO(GTZO)薄膜,通过XRD、四探针、透射光谱测试研究了生长温度对薄膜结构和光电性能的影响.结果表明:所制备的薄膜具有c轴择优取向,光学带隙均大于本征ZnO的禁带宽度.当生长温度为620K时GTZO薄膜的结晶质量最佳、电阻率最低、透射率最大、品质因数最高.     

晶粒尺寸对薄膜电阻率温度系数的影响

报道了Ｐｄ薄膜电阻率温度系数（ＴＣＲ）随不同薄膜厚度和不同退火温度的变化．实验结果表明：薄膜ＴＣＲ值远小于体材料的值，且对晶粒尺寸有一定的依赖关系；薄膜晶粒尺寸越大，其ＴＣＲ值也越大。采用晶粒间界散射的二流体模型对此结果进行了讨论。 关键词：     

膜层厚度对蓝宝石衬底上生长的ITO薄膜性质的影响

采用磁控溅射的方法在蓝宝石衬底上制备了氧化铟锡(ITO)透明氧化物薄膜;研究了不同厚度薄膜的结构、光学和电学特性。经X射线衍射(XRD)测量,发现在蓝宝石衬底上生长的ITO薄膜呈现了较高的(222)择优取向;随着膜层厚度的增加,该衍射峰对应的2θ衍射角逐渐向大角度方向移动,同时该衍射峰的半峰全宽逐渐减小,平均晶粒尺寸增大。 经光学透射光谱测量,发现随着膜层厚度的增加,光学透过率逐渐减小。膜层厚度为0.2 μm时,可见光透过率超过80%,当膜层厚度为0.8 μm时,可见光透过率下降到60%。电学测量结果表明,随着膜层厚度的增加,薄膜电阻率逐渐减小。膜层厚度为0.2 μm时,电阻率为9×10^-4 Ω·cm, 膜层厚度为0.8 μm时,电阻率为5.5×10^-4 Ω·cm。     

氩气退火对氢掺杂AZO薄膜电学性能的影响

采用射频磁控溅射法,在石英玻璃衬底上制备出了性能良好的H掺杂AZO透明导电薄膜,通过XRD、Hall、UV-Vis等测试手段,研究了氩气气氛中退火温度对薄膜电学热稳定性的影响。实验结果显示,随着退火温度的升高,薄膜中载流子的浓度和迁移率下降。分析认为,这与薄膜中氢的逸出密切相关。     

溶剂对溶胶-凝胶法制备的掺铝氧化锌透明导电薄膜性质的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃基底上制备得到了高透光率,高导电性的掺铝氧化锌薄膜。研究了溶剂对薄膜晶体结构,薄膜厚度,表面形貌,光学性质和电学性质的影响,结果表明:在相同的制备条件下,薄膜的厚度随溶剂沸点的升高而降低;低沸点溶剂制备的薄膜由c轴择优取向的六角纤锌矿结构的晶体构成,且比较致密;所有薄膜可见光区的透光率在85%以上;乙二醇独甲醚为溶剂制备的薄膜电阻率最低,为3.0×1-0 4Ωm。     

Effects of substrate temperature on the efficiency of hydrogen incorporation on the properties of Al-doped ZnO films

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) transparent conducting films were successfully prepared on glass substrates by RF magnetron sputtering at different substrate temperatures in Ar and H₂ + Ar sputtering ambient. The effects of substrate temperature on the effectiveness of hydrogen incorporation in Al-doped ZnO films were investigated. The microstructural, electrical and optical properties of AZO films were systematically analyzed by surface profiler, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscope, four-point probe measurement and UV/vis spectrophotometer. The XRD patterns and SEM pictures indicate that the crystallinity of AZO thin films was markedly improved with hydrogen incorporation at low substrate temperature, while the improvement of crystallinity was not an obvious change at high substrate temperature. The results also indicate that hydrogen incorporation has the stronger effectiveness on the transparent conductive properties of AZO films with the substrate temperature decreasing. The resistivity of the films decreases, especially for lower substrate temperatures, due to the incorporation of hydrogen atoms. These results suggest that substrate temperature should be controlled to the lower level to effectively reduce resistivity without detriment to transmittance of AZO thin films when hydrogen is incorporated.     

Effect of thickness on the stability of transparent conducting impurity‐doped ZnO thin films in a high humidity environment

The resistivity of transparent conducting Al‐ and Ga‐doped ZnO (AZO and GZO) thin films prepared with a thickness in the range from 20 to 200 nm on glass substrates at a temperature below 200 °C was found to increase with exposure time when tested in a high humidity environment (air at 90% relative humidity and 60 °C). The resistivity stability (resistivity increase) was considerably affected by the thin film thickness. In particular, thin films with a thickness below about 50 nm were very unstable. The increase in resistivity is interpreted as carrier transport being dominated by grain boundary scattering resulting from the trapping of free electrons due to oxygen adsorption on the grain boundary surface. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

119Sn conversion electron Mössbauer spectrometric (CEMS) study on transparent conductive ITO and tin oxide films

Indium-tin oxides (ITO) films were prepared on glass by Ar ion sputtering, ion plating and electron beam melting in vacuum, and tin oxide films were prepared by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of SnCl₄ in methanol containing HF. The chemical state of samples prepared was analyzed by CEMS. ITO films, produced from ITO source materials with higher solubility of tin oxide, showed lower electric resistivity. Amorphous ITO films had larger quadrupole splitting than crystalline ones. The tin oxide films were exposed in hydrogen plasma and hydrogen gas and the change of these films was also assessed by CEMS.     

Influence of deposition pressure and power on characteristics of RF-Sputtered Mo films and investigation of sodium diffusion in the films

Mo films deposited by DC sputtering are widely used as back contact in CIGS and CZTS based thin film solar cells. However, there have been only a few studies on the deposition of Mo films by RF sputtering method. In this context, Mo films on SLG substrates were prepared as a function of deposition pressure and power by using RF magnetron sputtering method to contribute to this shortcoming. Mo films were deposited at 250 °C substrate temperature by using 20, 15, 10 mTorr Ar pressures at 120 W RF power and 10 mTorr Ar pressure at 100 W RF power. Structural, morphological and reflectivity properties of RF-sputtered Mo films were clarified by XRD, AFM, FE-SEM and UV–Vis measurements. In addition, due to sodium incorporation from SLG substrate to the absorber layer through Mo back contact layer is so essential in terms of improving the conversion efficiency values of CIGS and CZTS thin film solar cell devices, the effects of Na diffusion in the films were analyzed with SIMS depth profile. The electrical properties of the films such as mobility, carrier density and resistivity were determined by Hall Effect measurements. It was found that Mo films prepared at 120 W, 10 mtorr and 250 °C substrate temperature and then annealed at 500 °C for 30 min, had resistivity as low as 10⁻⁵ Ω cm, as well as higher amount of Na incorporation than other films.     

Thermal stability of Ag films in air prepared by thermal evaporation

The thermal stability of silver films in air has been studied. Pure Ag films, 250 nm in thickness, were prepared on glass substrates by thermal evaporation process, and subsequently annealed in air for 1 h at temperatures between 200 and 400 °C. The structure and morphology of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra and atomic force microscopy. It is found that the crystallization enhances for the annealed films, and film surface becomes oxidized when annealing temperature is higher than 350 °C. The electrical and optical properties of the films were studied by van der Pauw method and spectrophotometer, respectively. Reflectance drops sharply as Ag films are annealed at temperatures above 250 °C. Film annealed at 250 °C has the maximum surface roughness and the minimum reflectance at 600 nm optical wavelength. Film annealed at 200 °C has the minimum resistivity, and resistivity increases with the increasing of the annealing temperature when temperature is above 200 °C. The results show that both oxidization on film surface and agglomeration of silver film result in infinite of electrical resistivity as the annealing temperature is above 350 °C.     

Thickness Dependence of Resistivity and Optical Reflectance of ITO Films

Indium-tin-oxide （ITO） films deposited on crystalline silicon wafer and Corning glass are prepared by directcurrent magnetron sputtering method at room temperature with various thicknesses. The thickness dependences of structure, resistance and optical refectance of ITO films are characterized. The results show that when the film thickness is less than 40 nm, the resistivity and optical reflectance of the ITO film changes remarkably with thickness. The optoelectrical properties trend to stabilize when the thickness is over 55 nm. The GXRD result implies that the ITO film begins to crystallize if only the thickness is large enough.