Transmission of low-energy (< 10 eV) O ions through Au films on TiO2(110)

In an attempt to identify the fundamental processes that influence ion transport through metallic surface layers, we have studied the transmission of O⁺ ions through discontinuous Au films adsorbed on TiO₂(110). A low energy (< 10 eV) O⁺ ion beam is generated via electron stimulated desorption when an Au-dosed TiO₂(110) substrate is bombarded with a focused 250 eV electron beam. Low energy ion scattering data indicate that Au evaporated under ultrahigh vacuum conditions at 300 K forms three-dimensional clusters on TiO₂(110). As the Au coverage increases, the formation of Au clusters on TiO₂(110) blocks a fraction of the TiO₂ surface and the O⁺ yield is attenuated. However, for high coverages (≥30% Au covered substrate) the O⁺ signal decreases at a faster rate than the TiO₂ open area fraction. We attribute the attenuation of the O⁺ yield for high Au coverages mainly to blocking of O⁺ by Au clusters, to deflection of trajectories by the image force between ions and Au clusters, and to charge transfer between desorbing O⁺ and neighboring Au clusters.     

微通道板离子壁垒膜粒子阻透特性的蒙特卡罗模拟

在三代微光像管中,微通道板(MCP)输入面上覆盖一层超薄离子壁垒膜(IBF),目的是保护光电阴极,延长像管使用寿命.为了深入研究离子壁垒膜的特性,本文对Al2O3和SiO2两种离子壁垒膜的粒子阻透能力进行了蒙特卡罗模拟,结果表明:5 nm厚Al2O3和SiO2离子壁垒膜的死电压分别为230 ～240 V和220～230...     

Study of the electron damage of the MgO(100)-D2O system by ESD

An electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) study of electron damage of a D₂O layer adsorbed on the MgO(100) surface at room temperature is presented. After exposing the surface to D₂O, the surface spectrum shows the main ESD component to be D⁺ ions, with lower intensity signals corresponding to O⁺ and OD⁺ ions. When the surface is simultaneously exposed to heavy water and electron bombardment, there is a rapid initial increase of the D⁺ intensity accompanied by a decrease of the intensity of the O⁺ ions. Electron damage of the surface after exposing to D₂O produces a significant decrease of the D⁺ intensity, while the O⁺ and OD⁺ intensities decrease more slowly. Heavy water adsorption does not change the form of the ion kinetic energy distribution of the O⁺ ions with electron dose, except for a decrease in intensity. Electron damage increases the intensity of the ion kinetic energy distribution of D⁺ again without changing its shape. These experiments show that heavy water adsorption under electron bombardment does not induce any chemistry of the adsorbed species, but enhances the fragmentation rate of the OD species which, in turn, increases the yield of D⁺ ions. Values of total desorption cross-sections for the three ions species are reported.     

Photoluminescence and paramagnetic defects in silicon-implanted silicon dioxide layers

Thermally grown SiO₂ layers on Si substrates implanted with Si⁺ ions with a dose of 6×10¹⁶ cm⁻² were studied by the techniques of photoluminescence, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and low-frequency Raman scattering. Distinct oxygen-vacancy associated defects in SiO₂ and non-bridging oxygen hole centers were identified by EPR. The luminescence intensity in the 620 nm range was found to correlate with the number of these defects. The low-frequency Raman scattering technique was used to estimate the average size of the Si nanocrystallites formed after the implantation and thermal annealing at T>1100°C, which are responsible for the photoluminescence band with a maximum at 740 nm. The intensity of this band can be significantly enhanced by an additional treatment of the samples in a low-temperature RF plasma.     

掺杂晶体材料Al2O3∶Ni2+中顺磁离子N2+局域结构及其电子顺磁共振参量的研究

按照叠加模型和微扰理论,建立了电子顺磁共振（EPR）参量（D, g_∥, g_⊥）与Al_2O3∶Ni²⁺晶体局域结构之间的定量关系. 利用EPR参量决定了Al₂O₃∶N i²⁺晶体的局域结构. 通过考虑适当的晶格畸变,成功地解释了Al₂O₃∶Ni²⁺晶体基态很大的零场分裂和各向异性的g因子. 获得了Ni²⁺ 离子上方最近邻的三个O^2-离子偏向111〕晶轴0.603°, 而Ni²⁺离子下方的三个O^2-离子偏向〔111〕晶轴0.598°.     

Effect of oxygen implantation on ionoluminescence of porous silicon

We report on ionoluminescence investigations of porous Si prepared from the p⁺-type Si, which exhibited, after prolonged ambient air exposure, moderate photon emission with a maximum in the red–orange region. In an attempt to activate a shorter wavelength emission, the samples were implanted with 225 keV O⁺ ions at the dose of 1×10¹⁷ cm⁻². The strong blue band at 2.7 eV, well known in silica, has emerged in the ionoluminescence spectra following the oxygen implantation. The results of the comparative ionoluminescence experiments, performed on both porous Si and two forms of silica, show the important role of SiO₂ defect-related states in ion-induced optical emission from porous Si.     

La3+存在形式对白云鄂博稀选尾矿微晶玻璃性能的影响

选取白云鄂博稀选尾矿和粉煤灰为主要原料, 采用熔铸法制备了0–4 wt%La₂O₃掺杂的CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂系微晶玻璃. 利用DTA, XRD, SEM, TEM+EDS和性能测试手段研究La³⁺在白云鄂博稀选尾矿微晶玻璃中的存在形式及其对该微晶玻璃显微结构、抗折强度和耐腐蚀性的影响. 结果表明, La³⁺以置换固溶方式进入辉石主晶相, 1 wt%的La₂O₃可促进辉石主晶相形成. 超过1 wt%的La₂O₃与基础玻璃组分反应生成Ca₃La₆(SiO₄)₆第二相, 并与辉石相争夺Ca²⁺和Si⁴⁺离子来阻碍辉石相形成. 添加1 wt% La₂O₃的微晶玻璃综合性能最优, 其抗折强度和密度分别为198 MPa和3.18 g/cm³.     

Ba10(PO4)4(SiO4)2∶Eu2+荧光体的光谱特性

采用高温固相法合成了荧光体Ba₁₀（PO₄）₄（SiO₄）₂：Ce³⁺和Ba₁₀（PO₄）₄（SiO₄）₂：Eu²⁺,研究了两种荧光体的光谱特性。结果表明,两者都呈现较强的宽带激发特征。根据同种基质中Eu²⁺和Ce³⁺两种离子光谱特征的相关性,通过测得的Ba₁₀（PO₄）₂（SiO₄）₂基质中Ce³⁺的光谱数据估算了Ba₁₀（PO₄）₂（SiO₄）₂：Eu²⁺中Eu²⁺的斯托克斯位移（ΔS）和激发能量,估算结果与Ba₁₀（PO₄）₂（SiO₄）₂：Eu²⁺样品的光谱分析结果十分吻合。Ba₁₀（PO₄）₂（SiO₄）₂：Eu²⁺可以同时被紫光和蓝光激发,发出偏白的绿光,可用作白光LED的荧光粉。     

Real time observation of oxygen chemisorption states on Si(0 0 1)-2×1 during supersonic oxygen molecular beam irradiation

Employing Si 2p and O 1s photoemission spectroscopy using monochromated synchrotron radiation and the supersonic molecular beam technique, we have performed real time in situ observations of oxidation states on Si(0 0 1)-2×1 at room temperature. High-resolution Si 2p photoemission spectra, which unambiguously resolve oxide components [Si¹⁺, Si²⁺, Si³⁺ and Si⁴⁺], were successfully measured requiring only 43 s per spectrum. We found that the Si⁴⁺ species gradually increases to reach the oxide thickness of 0.57 nm just after the saturation of Si¹⁺, Si²⁺ and Si³⁺ species with a translational energy of 2.9 eV.     

Si,Lu掺杂Ca0.8Zn0.2TiO3:Pr3+荧光粉的光学性能改善

采用高温固相法合成Ca_0.8Zn_0.2TiO₃：0.2% Pr³⁺,Si⁴⁺和Ca_0.8Zn_0.2TiO₃：0.2% Pr³⁺,Si⁴⁺,Lu³⁺荧光粉。通过X射线衍射仪、电子顺磁共振光谱仪、显微拉曼光谱仪和荧光光谱仪等表征了该系列荧光粉的物相组成、微观结构和发光性质。结果表明,以β-Si₃N₄为硅源制备的荧光粉具有最佳的光学性能。加入ZnO后,荧光粉由CaTiO₃、Zn₂TiO₄和Ca₂Zn₄Ti₁₆O₃₈三相组成,其中CaTiO₃为主相。电子顺磁共振谱证实了Pr⁴⁺存在,Lu³⁺的添加使[Pr⁴⁺Ti³⁺O₃]⁺簇显著增加,电子顺磁共振谱和拉曼光谱均证实Si⁴⁺、Lu³⁺的掺杂使局部TiO₆簇对称性提高,有利于Pr³⁺发光中心的能量传递。在336 nm激发下,荧光粉展示了很强的位于612 nm的红光发射（归属于Pr³⁺的¹D₂→³H₄跃迁）及理想的红光色坐标（x=0.670,y=0.330）。Si⁴⁺和Lu³⁺的添加显著增强了370 nm激发下红光发射,Ca_0.8Zn_0.2TiO₃：0.2% Pr³⁺,3.2% Si⁴⁺荧光粉的余辉寿命最长。     

Yb3+,Er3+双掺上转换玻璃陶瓷

制备了以PbF₂+GeO₂+WO₃SiO₂+NaF为基质组分的Yb³⁺,Er³⁺双掺稀土离子上转换发光玻璃陶瓷。采用日本产Hitachi F-4500荧光光度计,激发波长为980nm,观测到样品在550nm处出现较强的上转换发光峰,在528nm处有一个次发光峰,在650nm处有一个相对较弱的发光峰,讨论了发射光谱的特征,建立上转换发光机制,并讨论了上转换发光特征,以及基质成分、制备工艺参数、稀土离子浓度对发光性能的影响。实验中发现c(Yb³⁺):c(Er³⁺)为5:1时,上转换玻璃陶瓷的熔融温度为950℃、退火温度为380℃时,其上转换发光效率最高。     

Li+离子掺杂对红色发光材料Y2(W,Mo)O6:Eu3+发光性能的影响

采用高温固相法制备了荧光粉Y2-x(W,Mo)O6:Eu3+,xLi+,利用X射线衍射仪和电子扫描显微镜对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征,并利用荧光光谱法分析了样品的光谱特性.首先在Y2WO6中掺入少量的Mo6+离子,掺入Mo6+后增加了原Y2WO6:Eu3+的激发光谱在近紫外光区的吸收,扩展了激发光谱的谱宽,但却使Y2W...     

Stimulated desorption from CO chemisorbed on Cr(110)

Electron stimulated desorption (ESD) experiments using a time-of-flight pulse counting method are reported for molecular CO chemisorbed on the Cr(110) surface at 90 K. Consistent with previous qualitative observations, negligible CO⁺ and O⁺ desorption signals were measured from the ₁CO overlayer which saturates at 1/4 monolayer. For θ_CO > 0.25, a terminally-bonded (₂CO) binding mode is populated in addition to the existing ∝₁CO binding mode and the ion yield increases sharply. For ₂CO, both O⁺ and CO⁺ ions are observed; the CO⁺ ions desorb with characteristically lower kinetic energies than O⁺ ions. Near saturation coverages of CO(ads), an observed decrease in the O⁺ yield is attributed to adsorbate-adsorbate interactions which reduce the ion desorption probability, as seen in ESD studies of terminally-bonded CO on other metals. These results are considered in the context of two possible models proposed for the ₁CO binding state and related ESD observations for CO chemisorbed on Fe(001) and potassium-promoted Ru(001).     

CuCl2/γ-Al2O3催化剂的EPR研究

通过测定Cu含量不同的新鲜CuCl₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的EPR谱,以及对EPR谱的线型及强度的计算机处理和理论拟合等,研究了催化剂中CuCl₂在载体表面的分散方式,和Cu含量对Cu²⁺配位形式的影响.EPR结果表明,催化剂表面的Cu²⁺至少有两种不同配位状态.新鲜催化剂中所存在的两种不同谱线的比例决定了EPR谱的线型和强度,而两种谱线的比例又取决于催化剂中的Cu含量.在低Cu催化剂中Cu²⁺相互离散,倾向于形成富氧配位,具有较高的EPR强度,只有在Cu含量较高时,Cu²⁺才能形成富氯配位.鉴于低Cu催化剂不能与乙烯反应,而高Cu催化剂则可以使乙烯转化为二氯乙烷的事实,认为富氧配位的Cu²⁺可能具有与乙烯反应的活性.     

Kinetic energy distributions and momentum resolved ESDIAD measurements of CO ions and excited neutral CO* molecules — CO/Cu(110)

We report for the first time a coincidence of the kinetic energy distributions of the ionic and excited neutral forms of a desorbing species produced by electron impact. By using a novel TOF-ESDIAD instrument and applying different accelerating voltages between the sample and the detector it was possible to separate CO⁺ from neutral CO* species by their flight times and to perform momentum-resolved ESDIAD measurements of the O⁺, CO⁺ and neutral CO* species. Two possible desorption scenarios are discussed.     

Axial energy distributions of Li and F desorbed from LiF surfaces by fast ion impact

Initial axial kinetic energy (E_z) distributions of Li⁺ and F⁻ secondary ions desorbed from LiF surfaces, bombarded by low current (500 particles/s) N³⁺ beams in the 0.075–7.5 MeV primary ion energy (E_PI) range, were measured by using the time-of-flight technique. In this energy range, the electronic energy loss, S_e, increases from 25 to 160 eV/Å, while the nuclear stopping power, S_n, decreases from 8.0 to 0.25 eV/Å. The observed F⁻ initial axial kinetic energy distribution can be described by the linear collision cascade theory and no other contribution was found. The F⁻ total yield decreases proportionally to S_n. The Li⁺ distribution presents a remarkable deviation from the cascade prediction, indicating the existence of additional mechanisms related to the electronic energy-loss process. For the range of E_PI studied, these mechanisms produce a Li⁺ energy distribution with a Maxwell-Boltzman-like shape, which vanishes above E_z 10 eV and presents a maximum at E_z 1.2 eV. The Li⁺ yield is nonlinear with the electronic energy loss, S_e. A simple desorption model, based on the spatial distribution of the energy deposited by the projectile and on the effective energy-loss concept, is presented. This spatial distribution of the deposited energy is due to secondary electron cascades and is connected with a ESD-like mechanism on the surface.     

稀土离子(Eu3+,Tb3+,Ce3+)掺杂ZnAl2O4/SiO2微晶玻璃的制备与发光性能

采用凝胶法分别制备出4.5ZnO-5.5Al₂O₃-90SiO₂(ZAS)以及ZAS[DK]:RE³⁺ (RE=Eu,Tb,Ce) 透明微晶玻璃。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和荧光光谱仪(PL)等测试手段,研究了稀土离子掺杂浓度对ZAS微晶玻璃的结构和发光性能的影响。XRD结果表明,ZAS[DK]:RE³⁺ (RE=Eu,Tb,Ce)微晶玻璃包含ZnAl₂O₄晶相和SiO₂非晶相,ZnAl₂O₄平均晶粒尺寸约为30 nm,稀土离子的掺杂没有显著改变原来的ZnAl₂O₄晶体结构。TEM结果表明,900 ℃时ZnAl₂O₄从ZAS体系中析出。PL光谱显示,Eu³⁺ 存在 ⁵D₀→⁷F₂跃迁,ZAS[DK]:Eu³⁺在611 nm 处发出强烈的红色光;由于Tb³⁺ 的⁵D₄→⁷F₅ 跃迁,ZAS[DK]:Tb³⁺在541 nm 处发出明亮的绿色光;ZAS[DK]:Ce³⁺ 在381 nm处显示了蓝光发射,对应于Ce³⁺ 的5d→4f 轨道跃迁。ZAS[DK]:RE³⁺ (RE=Eu, Tb, Ce)的PL发射光谱存在着浓度猝灭现象,Eu³⁺、Tb³⁺ 和Ce³⁺的最佳单掺杂摩尔分数分别为20%、20%和3%。CIE色度图表明,ZAS[DK]: RE³⁺ (RE=Eu,Tb,Ce)的色坐标分别位于红光、绿光和蓝光区域。实验结果表明,ZAS:RE³⁺ (RE=Eu,Tb,Ce) 微晶玻璃是一种良好的可用于全色显示的白光LED材料。     

The effect of annealing under hydrostatic pressure on the visible photoluminescence from si-ion implanted SiO2 films

We have studied the influence of the hydrostatic pressure during annealing on the intensity of the visible photoluminescence (PL) from thermally grown SiO₂ films irradiated with Si⁺ ions. Post-implantation anneals have been carried out in an Ar ambient at temperatures T_a of 400°C and 450°C for 10 h and 1130°C for 5 h at hydrostatic pressures of 1 bar–15 kbar. It has been found that the intensity of the 360, 460 and 600 nm PL peaks increases with rising hydrostatic pressure during low-temperature annealing. The intensity of the short-wavelength PL under conditions of hydrostatic pressure continues to rise even at T_a=1130°C. Increasing T_a leads to a shift in the PL spectra towards the ultraviolet range. The results obtained have been interpreted in terms of enhanced, pressure-mediated formation of ≡Si–Si≡ centres and small Si clusters within metastable regions of the ion-implanted SiO₂.     

Energy Spectra,g Factors and Their Pressure—Induced and ／or Thermal Shifts of SrTiO3：Cr^3＋ and SrTiO3：Mn^4＋ I：energy Spectra and g Factors at Normal Pressure

With the strong-field scheme and cubic bases,the complete d^3 energy matrix in a tetragonally distorted cubic-field has been constructed.By diagonalizing this matrix,the energy spectra of SrTiO3:Cr^3 and SrTiO3:Mn^4 at normal pressure and various temperatures have been calculated.Correspondingly,the FORTRAN program calculating the g factor of the ground state has been worked out.By using the program and the wavefunction obtained from diagonalizing the complete energy matrix,the g factors of the ground state of SrTiO3:Cr^3 and SrTiO3:Mn^4 at normal pressure and room temperature have been evaluated.The calculated results are in good agreement with the optical-spectral and EPR experimental data.The comparison and analysis of the results of two crystals have been made.It is demonstrated that the covalency of the bonding between Mn^4 and ligands(O^2-) in SrTiO3:Mn^4 is stronger than the one of the bonding between Cr^3 and ligands(O^2-)in SrTiO3:Cr^3 .It is shown that the obtained wavefunctions and values of parameters are reasonable.     

宏观放电参数对快原子态氮(N+,Nf)的影响

采用氮直流辉光放电等离子体中快电子和重粒子(N₂⁺,N⁺,N_f)混合的蒙特卡罗方法,模拟研究了快原子态粒子(N⁺,N_f)的产生率及轰击阴极的能量分布随宏观放电参数(P,V)的变化规律.结果表明,存在一最佳放电条件,使阴极壁处粒子(N⁺,N_f)的粒子数密度大且能量高;当电压大于800V时,轰击阴极的活性粒子(N⁺,N_f),主要由N₂⁺-N₂离解过程产生,电压小于300V时,主要由e^--N₂离解过程产生,模拟结果与实验结果相符合.