The existence of riemann invariants in the one-dimensional equations of the non-linear theory of elasticity

The conditions for the existence of Riemann invariants of a one-dimensional system of equations of the non-linear theory of elasticity are investigated. Haantjes' diagonalization criterion is used to determine the form of the elastic potential for which the system has six Riemann invariants or three Riemann invariants (for waves which propagate in one direction). In particular, it is shown that the Haantjes criterion is satisfied and there are three Riemann invariants in the case of the elastic potential for slightly-non-linear weakly-anisotropic elastic media [1–3]. A procedure for computing Riemann invariants is described. The Riemann invariants are computed approximately for a form of elastic potential which satisfies the Haantjes criterion.     

Joint Invariant Signatures

A new, algorithmic theory of moving frames is applied to classify joint invariants and joint differential invariants of transformation groups. Equivalence and symmetry properties of submanifolds are completely determined by their joint signatures, which are parametrized by a suitable collection of joint invariants and/or joint differential invariants. A variety of fundamental geometric examples are developed in detail. Applications to object recognition problems in computer vision and the design of invariant numerical approximations are indicated. August 25, 1999. Final version received: May 3, 2000. Online publication: xxxx.     

Invariants of four- and three-dimensional singularities of integrable systems

A relationship between invariants of four-dimensional singularities of integrable Hamiltonian systems (with two degrees of freedom) and invariants of two-dimensional foliations on three-dimensional manifolds being the “boundaries” of these four-dimensional singularities is discovered. Nonequivalent singularities which, nevertheless, have equal three-dimensional invariants are found.     

On Kauffman invariants for 6-valent graphs

An explicit way for producing invariants for 6-valent graphs with rigid vertices within the framework of Kauffman's approach to graph invariants is presented. These invariants can be used to detect the chirality of a 6-valent graph with rigid vertices. A relevant example is considered. Bibliography: 19 titles. Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 223, 1995, pp. 251–262. Translated by A. M. Nikitin     

Two constructions of weight systems for invariants of knots in non-trivial 3-manifolds

A new family of weight systems of finite type knot invariants of any positive degree in orientable 3-manifolds with non-trivial first homology group is constructed. The principal part of the Casson invariant of knots in such manifolds is split into the sum of infinitely many independent weight systems. Examples of knots separated by corresponding invariants and not separated by any other known finite type invariants are presented.     

Near affine Hjelmslev planes

A study is made of two generalizations of affine Hjelmslev planes in which the parallel axiom is not required to hold. Integer invariants are obtained for the finite planes in these new classes. Formulas are derived which enable one to compute the cardinalities of certain subsets of points and lines in terms of the invariants, and results are obtained on the nonexistence of planes with certain sets of invariants.     

Knot polynomials and Vassiliev's invariants

Summary A fundamental relationship is established between Jones' knot invariants and Vassiliev's knot invariants. Since Vassiliev's knot invariants have a firm grounding in classical topology, one obtains as a result a first step in understanding the Jones polynomial by topological methods.Oblatum 20-V-1991 & 10-VI-1992Research supported in part by NSF Grant DMS-88-055627.Research supported in part by NSF Grant DMS-90-04017.     

A compressible Hamiltonian electromagnetic gyrofluid model

A Lie-Poisson bracket is presented for a four-field gyrofluid model with magnetic field curvature and compressible ions, thereby showing the model to be Hamiltonian. The corresponding Casimir invariants are presented, and shown to be associated to four Lagrangian invariants advected by distinct velocity fields. This differs from a cold ion limit, in which the Lie-Poisson bracket transforms into the sum of direct and semidirect products, leading to only three Lagrangian invariants.     

Typical separating invariants

It is shown that a trivial version of polarization is sufficient to produce separating systems of polynomial invariants: If two points in the direct sum of the G-modules W and m copies of V can be separated by polynomial invariants, then they can be separated by invariants depending only on variables of type V; when G is reductive, invariants depending only on variables suffice. A similar result is valid for rational invariants. Explicit bounds on the number of type V variables in a complete system of typical separating invariants are given for the binary polyhedral groups, and this is applied to the invariant theory of binary forms.     

The combinatorics of colored triangulations of manifolds

Foundations for the topic of crystallizations are proposed through the more general concept of colored triangulations. Classic results and techniques of crystallizations are reviewed from this point of view. A new set of combinatorial invariants of manifolds is defined, and related to the fundamental group and other known invariants. A universal group theoretic approach for this theory is introduced.     

Irreducible function bases of isotropic invariants of a third order three-dimensional symmetric and traceless tensor

Third order three-dimensional symmetric and traceless tensors play an important role in physics and tensor representation theory. A minimal integrity basis of a third order three-dimensional symmetric and traceless tensor has four invariants with degrees two, four, six, and ten, respectively. In this paper, we show that any minimal integrity basis of a third order three-dimensional symmetric and traceless tensor is also an irreducible function basis of that tensor, and there is no syzygy relation among the four invariants of that basis, i.e., these four invariants are algebraically independent.     

Linear invariants of a Cartesian tensor

The number of linear invariants under SO(3) as well as SO(2)of a Cartesian tensor of an arbitrary rank is studied. A linearform is defined in terms of elements of a tensor. It is establishedthat the number of linear invariants of a tensor of rank n underSO(3) equals the dimension of the space of isotropic tensorsof rank n. Formulas for the number of invariants in the twocases are also derived. For the elasticity tensor, our analysisconfirms the results of Norris.     

Column Invariants Over Cohen–Macaulay Local Rings

Abstract

We define some numerical invariants over Cohen–Macaulay local rings. These invariants are related to columns of the presenting matrices of maximal Cohen–Macaulay modules and syzygy modules without free summands. We study the relationship between these invariants, and the invariant col(A).

     

Reciprocity laws for algebras over function fields

A study is made of simple central algebras over an algebraic function field of one variable with a number field of constants. It is proved that there exists an algebra with a given collection of local invariants satisfying the reciprocity law under the assumption that the orders of the invariants are odd or the field of constants is purely imaginary.     

The normal curvatures of a graph

A set of arithmetical invariants for each vertex of a graph was defined in [1]. In this paper these invariants are expressed by the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the graph.     

Topological recursion relations on M_(3,2)

We give some new genus-3 universal equations for Gromov-Witten invariants of compact symplectic manifolds. These equations were obtained by studying relations in the tautological ring of the moduli space of2-pointed genus-3 stable curves. A byproduct of our search for genus-3 equations is a new genus-2 universal equation for Gromov-Witten invariants.     

Baer Invariants and Cohomology of Precrossed Modules

In this paper we study Baer invariants of precrossed modules relative to the subcategory of crossed modules, following Fröhlich and Furtado-Coelho’s general theory on Baer invariants in varieties of Ω-groups and Modi’s theory on higher dimensional Baer invariants. Several homological invariants of precrossed and crossed modules were defined in the last two decades. We show how to use Baer invariants in order to connect these various homology theories. First, we express the low-dimensional Baer invariants of precrossed modules in terms of a new non-abelian tensor product of a precrossed module. This expression is used to analyze the connection between the Baer invariants and the homological invariants of precrossed modules defined by Conduché and Ellis. Specifically we prove that the second homological invariant of Conduché and Ellis is in general a quotient of the first component of the Baer invariant we consider. The definition of classical Baer invariants is generalized using homological methods. These generalized Baer invariants of precrossed modules are applied to the construction of five term exact sequences connecting the generalized Baer invariants with the cohomology theory of crossed modules considered by Carrasco, Cegarra and R.-Grandjeán and the cohomology theory of precrossed modules.     

The behavior of invariants of finite degree under interdependent transformations of links

A new approach to the definition of the notion of finite-degree invariants of oriented links is described. It is proved that using new transformations, which are much more general than usual, actually leads to the same theory of such invariants. Applying these general transformations we also prove that the invariants of finite degree are polynomials in the gleams if the Hopf projection of the link is fixed. Bibliography: 3 titles. Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 231, 1995, pp. 141–147. Translated by N. Yu. Netsvetaev.     

The curvature invariant of a non-commutingn-tuple

Non-commutative versions of Arveson's curvature invariant and Euler characteristic for a commutingn-tuple of operators are introduced. The non-commutative curvature invariant is sensitive enough to determine if ann-tuple is free. In general both invariants can be thought of as measuring the freeness or curvature of ann-tuple. The connection with dilation theory provides motivation and exhibits relationships between the invariants. A new class of examples is used to illustrate the differences encountered in the non-commutative setting and obtain information on the ranges of the invariants. The curvature invariant is also shown to be upper semi-continuous.     

Topological classification of branched coverings of the two-dimensional sphere

The following questions are considered: 1) which coverings of the two-sphere besides the simple ones are determined by the obvious invariants, the number of branch points, and their types, 2) in which cases can one add to the collection of obvious invariants simple combinatorial invariants such that the collection obtained determines the covering of the sphere up to homeomorphism. It is shown that in some cases the Arf-invariant and signature introduced by the author are such additional invariants. To prove the results one develops a reduction of the problem of classification of branched coverings of the sphere to a combinatorial problem due to Hurwitz.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 167, pp. 135–156, 1988.