Controlling Sudden Birth and Sudden Death of Entanglement at Finite Temperature

The decoherence and the decay of quantum entanglement due to both population relaxation and thermal effects are investigated for the two qubits initially prepared in the extended Werner-like state by solving the Lindblad form of the master equation, where each qubit is interacting with an independent reservoir at finite temperature T. Entanglement sudden death (ESD) and entanglement sudden birth (ESB) are observed during the evolution process. We analyze in detail the effects of the mixedness, the degree of entanglement of the initial states and finite temperature on the time of entanglement sudden death and entanglement sudden birth. We also obtain an analytic formula for the steady state concurrence that shows its dependence on both the system parameters, the decoherence rate and finite temperature. These results arising from the combination of extended Werner-like initial state and independent thermal reservoirs suggest an approach to control the maximum possible concurrence even after the purity and finite temperature induce sudden birth, death and revival.     

Sudden Death and Long-Lived Entanglement Between Two Atoms in a Double JC Model System

Considering a double JC model with different coupling constants, we investigate the entanglement between the two two-level atoms, and discuss dependence of the atom-atom entanglement on the different coupling constants, and the detuning between the atomic transition frequency and the cavity field frequency. The results show when Δ=δ/g is small, with the increase of the relative difference of the two atom-cavity coupling constants γ, the atom-atom entanglement periodically evolves with the amplitude slowly and periodically modulated. What’s more interesting is that long-lived entanglement between the two atoms can be obtained when atom A non-resonantly interacts with the cavity field a, and atom B has no coupling with the cavity field b. In this case, the concurrence C ^AB (t) of the two atoms evolves in form of cosine, and is invariant and equals the initial value when far off resonance. In addition, we find that the so-called entanglement sudden death can occur under appropriate conditions on the detunings and the different coupling constants for different initial atomic states.     

Quantum Entanglement and Information Transmission Between Non—Direct—Coupled Qubits in an Array of Spatially Fixed Qubits

We propose a simple scheme to create entangled states and realize information transmission between qubits with non-direct interactions on the basis of quantum superdense coding and swap operations.This may offer the possibility of applications in scalable quantum computers.     

Abrupt Convergence and Escape Behavior for Birth and Death Chains

We link two phenomena concerning the asymptotical behavior of stochastic processes: (i) abrupt convergence or cut-off phenomenon, and (ii) the escape behavior usually associated to exit from metastability. The former is characterized by convergence at asymptotically deterministic times, while the convergence times for the latter are exponentially distributed. We compare and study both phenomena for discrete-time birth-and-death chains on ℤ with drift towards zero. In particular, this includes energy-driven evolutions with energy functions in the form of a single well. Under suitable drift hypotheses, we show that there is both an abrupt convergence towards zero and escape behavior in the other direction. Furthermore, as the evolutions are reversible, the law of the final escape trajectory coincides with the time reverse of the law of cut-off paths. Thus, for evolutions defined by one-dimensional energy wells with sufficiently steep walls, cut-off and escape behavior are related by time inversion.     

Dynamical Creation of Entanglement and Steady Entanglement Between Two Spatially Separated Λ-Type Atoms

We report possibility of generating entanglement and steady entanglement between two identical atoms in free space with a very natural way when their spatial separation is on the order of wavelength or less. We show a dynamical creation of entanglement and steady entanglement due to the radiative coupling with different separable initial atomic states and study the entanglement properties about this atomic subsystem. Not only the creation of steady state entanglement is decided by the initial atomic states, but also the magnitude of the entanglement and the steady state entanglement are found to be strongly dependent on the initial states. We derive a master equation for the atomic subspace and solve it analytically to show how the spontaneous emission from the two atoms system induces entanglement and steady entanglement, the crossing coupling terms in master equation can enhance the entanglement value.     

Influence of Kerr Medium on Entanglement of Cascade-Type Three-Level Atoms and a Bimodal Cavity Field

We investigate the influence of Kerr medium on atomic population probability and residual entanglement of the system which consists of cascade-type three-level atoms and a bimodal cavity field filled with Kerr medium. The results show that the period of residual entanglement is shortened and the value of residual entanglement is enhanced by appropriately adjusting the nonlinear Kerr constant. Furthermore, we also study the influence of Kerr medium on entanglement evolution of the two atoms, and find that it decreases the value of entanglement between two atoms.     

Creation of Multipartite Entanglement and Entanglement Transfer via Heisenberg Interaction

We discuss how to create multipartite entanglement. By coupling a new particle with entangled particles via Heisenberg interaction between two particles, we can prepare three-particle entangled states. For some special coupling strength, entanglement transfer can be achieved from entangled pair AB to particles A and C that never interact by coupling particle C with particle B, which can be used to create entanglement between two separated particles.     

Entanglement Transfer and Periodic Sudden Death Phenomenon in Two Parallel 1D Spin Chains of Quantum Spin Network

We investigate the entanglement transfer in two parallel ID spin chains of a quantum spin network, and show that the perfect entanglement transfer can be realized at some special times. In addition, the so-called ＇sudden death＇ phenomenon of entanglement is found in the spin network system.     

Influence of Multi-Photon Process on Entanglement of Interacting System of the Qubit and Thermal Field

We study the system of a single qubit couples to a single mode thermal field according to a multi-photon Jaynes-Cummings-type interaction with phase decoherence. Both the time evolving entanglement and the stationary state entanglement are calculated by adopting the log-negativity as a measure. It is found that the multi-photonprocess can enhance the stationary state entanglement of this system and can enlarge the range of the parameter Δ/g and the mean photon number of initial thermal field in which the stationary state is distillable.     

Entanglement and Quantum Superposition of a Macroscopic-Macroscopic system

Two quantum Macro-states and their Macroscopic Quantum Superpositions (MQS) localized in two far apart, space-like separated sites can be non-locally correlated by any entangled couple of single-particles having interacted in the past. This novel “Macro-Macro” paradigm is investigated on the basis of a recent study on an entangled Micro-Macro system involving N≈10⁵ particles. Crucial experimental issues as the violation of Bell’s inequalities by the Macro-Macro system are considered.     

Entanglement Dynamics of Ising Model with Dzialoshinskii-Moriya Interaction in an Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field

This paper investigates the entanglement dynamics of two-spin Ising model with the Dzialoshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. The system is initially prepared in the Werner state.It is found that the phenomenon of the entanglement sudden death (ESD) appears during the evolution process. We also analyze in detail the effects of the DM interaction, the degree of inhomogeneous magnetic field and the purity of the initial state on the time of ESD. These effects indicate that one can control the entanglement of the system. It is helpful for quantum information processing.     

Entanglement Sudden Death in Quantum Optics： What is it and why does it happen？

It is well known in quantum optics that fluctuations and dissipation inevitably intervene in the dynamics of open quantum systems. Density matrix elements may all decay exponentially and smoothly but we show that two-party entanglement, a valuable quantum coherence, may nevertheless abruptly decrease to zero in a finite time. This is Entanglement Sudden Death. In this talk we show how entanglement sudden death occurs under either phase or amplitude noise, either quantum or classical in origin. Moreover, we show that when two or more noises are active at the same time, the effects of the combined noises is even more unexpected.     

A Simplified and Obvious Expression of Concurrence in Wootters‘ Measure of Entanglement of a Pair of Qubits

We obtain a simplified and obvious expression of“concurrence” in Wootters‘ measure of entanglement of a pair of qubits that have no more than two non-zero eigenvalues in terms of the concurrences of eigenstates and theirsimple combinations. It not only simplifies the calculation of Wootters‘ measure of entanglement, but also revealssome general and important features. Our conclusions are helpful for the further understanding and applicationof quantum entanglement.     

Influence on Transmission Properties of Solitons by Stochastic Variation of System Parameters and Interaction

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Influence of heat and UV light on the coercive field of lithium niobate crystals

Heating and UV illumination reduce the coercive field of lithium niobate crystals. It is found that both effects add up, leading to the conclusion that the underlying mechanisms are different. We present arguments that heating leads to an increased ionic conductivity that changes defect structures which pin domain walls, while UV illumination enables electrical screening of the pinning defects by photo-excited electrons.     

Finite-Time Destruction of Entanglement and Non-Locality by Environmental Influences

Entanglement and non-locality are non-classical global characteristics of quantum states important to the foundations of quantum mechanics. Recent investigations have shown that environmental noise, even when it is entirely local in influence, can destroy both of these properties in finite time despite giving rise to full quantum state decoherence only in the infinite time limit. These investigations, which have been carried out in a range of theoretical and experimental situations, are reviewed here.     

Influence of Intrinsic Decoherence on Entanglement of Superconducting Charge Qubit in a Resonant Cavity

Taking the intrinsic decoherence effect into account, we investigate the entanglement dynamics of a superconducting charge qubit in a single-mode optical cavity. Concurrence, as the measure of entanglement of the coupled field-junction system, is calculated. In comparison, we also consider the entanglement of the system by using the entanglement parameter based on the ratio between mutual entropy and partial Von-Neumann entropy to investigate how the intrinsic decoherence affects the entanglement of the coupling system. Our results show that the evolution of the entanglement parameter has the behaviour similar to the concurrence and it is thus the well measure of entanglement for the mixed state in such a coupling system.     

Entanglement in the Extended XY Spin Model with Three Spin Interaction and External Field

We investigate the pairwise thermal entanglement of the extended XY model with three spin interactions and external filed on zig-zag lattice. The influences of three spin interactions J ₂ and external field λ on the thermal entanglement of the nearest neighbor (NN) and next nearest neighbor (NNN) spins are considered. It is found that J ₂ and λ suppress both the maximal value and the critical temperature of the NN entanglement C ₁₂. However, when it comes to the NNN entanglement C ₁₃, there exists a critical value of J ₂ above which both the maximal entanglement and the critical temperature can be enhanced by J ₂ for a fixed external field. With J ₂ fixed, the effect of λ on C ₁₃ are different for different values of J ₂. For J ₂<1, λ suppresses both T _C and the maximal values of C ₁₃. For J ₂≥1, λ enhances the maximal values of C ₁₃ while decreases the critical temperature. These results show that one is able to get the entanglement wanted by properly controlling the values of the three spin interactions J ₂ and the external field λ.     

Entanglement and Density Matrix of a Block of Spins in AKLT Model

We study a 1-dimensional AKLT spin chain, consisting of spins S in the bulk and S/2 at both ends. The unique ground state of this AKLT model is described by the Valence-Bond-Solid (VBS) state. We investigate the density matrix of a contiguous block of bulk spins in this ground state. It is shown that the density matrix is a projector onto a subspace of dimension . This subspace is described by non-zero eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of the density matrix. We prove that for large block the von Neumann entropy coincides with Renyi entropy and is equal to . NSF Grant DMS-0503712.