锆氢化反应研究2.羰基化合物的选择性还原

本文对芳香醛和酮的锆氢化反应及水解产物进行了研究。产物经NMR证明为相应的醇。并以苯甲醛为代表,初步探讨了锆氢化反应的过程。还研究了含有其他官能团的苯甲醛对锆氢化反应选择性的影响,以及含有较大取代基酮类的锆氢化反应。     

手性金属配合物催化的前手性羰基化合物的不对称硅氢化反应研究进展

评述了近年来手性金属配合物催化的前手性羰基化合物的不对称硅氢化反应研究进展。     

化学-酶法高选择性合成手性化合物的研究进展

利用生物酶高反应活性、高区域及立体选择性和催化反应条件温和等优点,酶催化拆分技术已应用于多种重要的手性化合物单一对映体的制备中。化学合成与酶催化联合,二者优势互补,使得手性化合物的制备原料易得、工艺简捷高效且环境友好,获得的手性单一对映体的光学纯度高,因此化学-酶联合催化技术越来越受到人们的关注,不断地被开发并应用于传统化学法不易制备的手性化合物的合成体系中。本文总结和评述了近年来国内外化学-酶催化技术合成醇类、胺类和氨基酸类以及其他手性化合物的研究进展,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

α,γ-二羰基丁酸酯的不对称氢化反应研究

进行了基于二茂铁结构的手性金属配合物催化剂催化4-芳基-2,4-二羰基丁酸酯的不对称氢化反应探索.考察了手性配体结构、反应溶剂、反应温度和H2压力对反应的影响.在最佳条件下进行了6种4-芳基-2,4-二羰基丁酸酯的AH反应,并以高达88％的分离产率和69％ee获得相应反应产物.     

左旋薄荷醇的不对称合成

以4-羟基-2-丁酮和异丙叉丙酮为起始原料,经羟醛缩合、不对称氢化、羰基还原、钌催化氢化等4步反应制得左旋薄荷醇。总产率为33%,非对映体过量de值达到93%。详细探讨了铜催化剂及其用量、手性配体的选择、反应溶剂和时间等因素对胡薄荷烯酮不对称氢化反应的影响。中间体及目标化合物均通过了¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和HRMS等技术手段的分析测定及结构表征。     

过渡金属/磷配体催化不对称氢化反应研究进展

正手性过渡金属配合物催化的不对称氢化是合成手性药物、农药和精细化工中间体的重要方法.到目前为止,已经有一些过渡金属/配体配合物催化的不对称氢化反应得到工业化应用,典型的实例如孟山都公司采用手性双齿膦配体DIPAMP生产L     

铱催化不饱和杂环羧酸的不对称氢化反应研究

手性杂环羧酸是很多手性药物的重要合成中间体,也是多种天然产物的核心骨架.对不饱和杂环羧酸的不对称催化氢化是合成手性杂环羧酸最高效的方法之一.虽然人们已经发展出很多高效的手性催化剂实现了多种链状不饱和羧酸的高对映选择性氢化反应,但是对环状不饱和羧酸的不对称催化氢化很少有成功的例子报道.最近,南开大     

不对称多组分反应

由于多组分反应自身所具有的优势及其在新药发现中的应用,多组分反应特别是不对称多组分反应成为一个非常有吸引力的研究领域。本文从非对映选择性和对映选择性控制两个方面对不对称多组分反应的最新研究进展进行了综述。重点介绍了反应中所使用的催化剂体系及有关反应机理。最后提出了不对称多组分反应研究中存在的一些问题,并对其今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

不对称氢化法合成手性β－位芳基取代异丙胺

手性胺是有机合成中一种很重要的中间体,对β－位芳基取代的烯酰胺的不对称氢化可以得到手性β－位芳基取代的异丙胺,该手性异丙胺是安非他命、司米吉兰、福莫特罗和坦索罗辛等手性药物的前体．随着手性配体的发展,对α－位芳基取代的烯酰胺的不对称氢化取得了很好的对映选择性,但是,对β－位芳基取代的烯酰胺的不对称氢化却没有获得〉50％的对映选择性．     

植物细胞在含羰基化合物不对称转化中的应用

本文综述了用植物细胞催化含羰基化合物的不对称转化的最新进展,并对底物结构和植物催化类型等影响反应结果的因素进行了讨论,指出了植物细胞作为生物催化剂需解决的问题.植物细胞不仅可以对映选择性地还原一些酮类和α-酮酸酯或β-酮酸酯类化合物中的羰基,而且可以催化醛类化合物的羰基进行不对称羟氰化反应,还可以区域选择性地转化一些不饱和羰基化合物中的碳碳双键等.不同植物的细胞或同一种植物的不同细胞对底物的转化均具有不同的区域和立体选择性.底物中取代基的空间效应和电子效应也影响不对称转化的结果,但空间效应的影响更加显著.     

手性羰基铁体系催化酮的不对称氢转移氢化

手性羰基铁络合物很少被用于芳香酮的不对称氢转移氢化.利用不同的羰基铁络合物与手性双胺双膦配体现场络合,形成手性胺膦铁催化体系.考察了它们对多种芳香酮的不对称氢转移催化氢化性能.结果表明,三核的手性胺膦铁簇合物是催化芳香酮不对称氢转移氢化的较好体系.当用三核的铁簇合物[Et₃NH]⁺[HFe₃(CO)₁₁]^-体系催化1,1-二苯基丙酮的氢化时,最高可获得98%的对映选择性.通过现场红外光谱测定,揣测羰基铁簇合物Fe₃(CO)₁₂在催化反应过程中保持三核的簇合物的簇骼不变.     

Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Azaindoles: Chemo‐ and Enantioselective Reduction of Fused Aromatic Ring Systems Consisting of Two Heteroarenes

High enantioselectivity was achieved for the hydrogenation of azaindoles by using the chiral catalyst, which was prepared from [Ru(η³‐methallyl)₂(cod)] and a trans‐chelating bis(phosphine) ligand (PhTRAP). The dearomative reaction exclusively occurred on the five‐membered ring, thus giving the corresponding azaindolines with up to 97:3 enantiomer ratio.     

A Mechanistic Study of Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Imines on a Chiral Phosphoric Acid Derived Indium Metal-Organic Framework

A density functional theory (DFT) study is reported to examine the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of imines catalyzed by an indium metal-organic framework (In-MOF) derived from a chiral phosphoric acid (CPA). It is revealed that the imine and reducing agent (i.e., thiazoline) are simultaneously adsorbed on the CPA through H-bonding to form an intermediate, subsequently, a proton is transferred from thiazoline to imine. The transition state TS-R and TS-S are stabilized on the CPA via H-bonding. Compared to the TS-S, the TS-R has shorter H-bonding distances and longer C-H···π distances, it is more stable and experiences less steric hindrance. Consequently, the TS-R exhibits a lower activation barrier affording to the (R)-enantiomer within 68.1% ee in toluene. Imines with substituted groups such as −NO₂, −F, and −OCH₃ are used to investigate the substitution effects on the ATH. In the presence of an electron-withdrawing group like −NO₂, the electrophilicity of imine is enhanced and the activation barrier is decreased. The non-covalent interactions and activation-strain model (ASM) analysis reveal that the structural distortions and the differential noncovalent interactions of TSs in a rigid In-MOF provide the inherent driving force for enantioselectivity. For −OCH₃ substituted imine, the TS-S has the strongest steric hindrance, leading to the highest enantioselectivity. When the solvent is changed from toluene to dichloromethane, acetonitrile, and dimethylsulfoxide with increasing polarity, the activation energies of transition state increase whereas their difference decreases. This implies the reaction is slowed down and the enantioselectivity becomes lower in a solvent of smaller polarity. Among the four solvents, toluene turns out to be the best for the ATH. The calculated results in this study are in fairly good agreement with experimental observations. This study provides a mechanistic understanding of the reaction mechanism, as well as substitution and solvent effects on the activity and enantioselectivity of the ATH. The microscopic insights are useful for the development of new chiral MOFs toward important asymmetric reactions.     

Transition States of Binap–Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation: Theoretical Studies on the Origin of the Enantioselectivity

By using the hybrid IMOMM(B3LYP:MM3) method, we examined the binap–Rh^I‐catalyzed oxidative‐addition and insertion steps of the asymmetric hydrogenation of the enamide 2‐acetylamino‐3‐phenylacrylic acid. We report a path that is energetically more favorable for the major enantiomer than for the minor enantiomer. This path follows the “lock‐and‐key” motif and leads to the major enantiomeric product via an energetically favorable binap–dihydride–Rh^III–enamide complex. Our theoretical results are consistent with the mechanism that takes place via Rh^III dihydride formation, that is, oxidative addition of H₂ followed by enamide insertion.     

Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Pyrimidines

The asymmetric hydrogenation of pyrimidines proceeded with high enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee) using an iridium catalyst composed of [IrCl(cod)]₂, a ferrocene‐containing chiral diphosphine ligand (Josiphos), iodine, and Yb(OTf)₃ (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene). The chiral catalyst converted various 4‐substituted pyrimidines into chiral 1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrimidines in high yield. The lanthanide triflate is crucial for achieving the high enantioselectivity as well as for activating the heteroarene substrate.