强激光驱动高能极化正负电子束与偏振伽马射线的研究进展

高能自旋极化正负电子束与偏振伽马射线在高能物理、实验室天体物理与核物理等领域有十分重要的应用.近年来随着超短超强激光脉冲技术的快速发展,利用强激光与物质相互作用的非线性康普顿散射和多光子Breit-Wheeler过程为制备高极化度、高束流密度的高能极化粒子束提供了新的可能.本文对基于强激光产生高能极化正负电子束与偏振伽马射线的研究成果进行简要回顾,并介绍了这些方法的基本物理原理和主要结果.     

一种紧凑型激光同步辐射光源的初步设计及应用前景

 激光与相对论电子束的康普顿散射可产生高亮度、超短脉冲、辐射波长可调、峰值亮度高的准单色、极化X射线。这是一种新型的激光同步辐射光源，以其造价低、小型紧凑等特点受到人们的重视，成为当前研究的热点。介绍了激光同步辐射光源的性质和特点，对利用北京大学超导加速器装置的电子束产生激光同步辐射进行了初步计算和设计，该波段X射线显示出了诱人的应用前景。     

一种紧凑型激光同步辐射光源的初步设计及应用前景

激光与相对论电子束的康普顿散射可产生高亮度、超短脉冲、辐射波长可调、峰值亮度高的准单色、极化X射线。这是一种新型的激光同步辐射光源,以其造价低、小型紧凑等特点受到人们的重视,成为当前研究的热点。介绍了激光同步辐射光源的性质和特点,对利用北京大学超导加速器装置的电子束产生激光同步辐射进行了初步计算和设计,该波段X射线显示出了诱人的应用前景。     

超高能伽马射线的天体物理起源

中国大科学装置之一的高海拔宇宙线观测站开创了超高能伽马射线天文学的新时代,至今已作出多项重要的科学发现,为人们破解银河系宇宙线起源之谜带来了关键线索,并为研究极端天体中的极端物理过程提供了独特的探针。文章主要介绍其探测到的超高能伽马射线源,以及相关天体的物理图像。     

上海激光电子γ源

激光具有高强度、 高极化度等优异的性能。 用激光束轰击高能电子束就可以产生高强度、 高极化度的γ射线束。 上海激光电子γ源就是上海同步辐射装置上的这样一条束线站。 预计可以获得能量范围为1—22 MeV的准单色、 高强度（109—1011 s-1）和高极化度（线极化或圆极化）的γ射线束。 介绍了这条束线站目前的进展情况。 Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS) is a high intensity,short pulse and compact γ ray source which is based on inverse Compton scattering via interaction between pulsed high power laser beams and picosecond relativistic electron bunches. One of the attractive features of the laser Compton scattering is the easy control of polarization of the produced high energy photons that duplicates polarization of the applied laser beam. The γ ray with energy up to 22 MeV and intensity of 109—1011s 1 are expected to be produced by Compton backscattering of CO2 laser photons on the 3.5 GeV electrons bunches in the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). In this communication, we report same simulation results and the progressing status of SLEGS.     

一种基于阶梯阈值的射线违禁品探测方法

在γ射线违禁品探测技术中,快速准确的γ射线康普顿散射信号平滑具有非常重要的意义。现有的多项式平滑法和小波分析方法不仅运算速度慢,且易受噪声干扰,容易出现弱峰、谱峰错位等问题。为解决上述问题,提出一种新的基于阶梯阈值的散射信号分析方法。首先通过数据预处理,计算康普顿散射信号的基底变量,然后根据自适应阶梯阈值和测量差值,依次迭代更新背散射数据,进行信号滤波,最后自动检测峰位,实现可疑物识别。实验结果表明,相比现有的信号分析方法,阶梯阈值算法能够降低噪声干扰,保留康普顿散射信号的峰值和峰位,运算速度快,满足便携式探测设备的实时性要求。Fast and accurate Compton scattering signal smoothing plays an important part for γ-ray-based contraband identification.Traditional methods based on polynomial averaging or wavelet analysis are not only slow but also sensitive to noise,which makes them suffer from issues such as peak amplitude decrease and peak dislocation.A new method based on step threshold is proposed for scattering signal analysis,which can overcome aforementioned issues.Firstly,the base value for Compton scattering signal is computed via data pre-processing.Secondly,the scattering data is iteratively updated using adaptive threshold and system measurement,thus producing smoothed signal data.At last,the peak is localized from the filtered signal data and abnormality is identified.Experimental results show that our method is robust against noise compared to existing methods.The amplitude and location of the peak can be accurately perceived and identified.The method is efficient and can be deployed on portable contraband detection devices.     

上海激光康普顿散射伽马源的发展和展望

激光康普顿散射(Laser Campton Scattering, LCS)光源,是一种基于相对论电子束与激光光子相互作用的新型X-ray或Gamma-ray光源。它具有能量高、波长短、脉冲快和峰值亮度高的特性,已成为国际先进光源技术的重要选项之一。本文介绍了激光康普顿散射光源的产生原理、国内外发展现状以及目前国际上运行和在建的激光康普顿散射光源装置,其中重点介绍了上海光源二期正在建设的上海激光电子伽马源(Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source, SLEGS)装置,以及在这一光源装置上可以开展的核物理、核天体物理、核废料处理及核医学应用等研究。随着上海软X射线自由电子激光试验装置(Soft X-ray Free Electron Laser, SXFEL)升级为用户装置,以及未来十三五国家重大科技基础设施-硬X射线自由电子装置(Shanghai HIgh repetition rate XFEL aNd Extreme light facility,SHINE)的建设完成,基于直线电子加速器(LINear ACcelator, LINAC)的康普顿散射光源的伽马能量将会达到GeV量级的高能量。超短脉冲、高极化度、高通量的激光康普顿散射光源将迎来新的发展机遇,基于康普顿伽马光源的核物理、天体物理、粒子物理及应用基础研究也必将迈上一个新台阶。     

在BFEL上实现红外和X光双波段运转的初步研究

从康普顿散射的原理出发,分析了存在于北京自由电子激光器（BFEL）腔内的康普顿散射过程。提出了利用康普顿散射在BFEL上实现红外激光和软X光双波段运转的设想,并对实现该设想的实验方案进行了初步研究。     

微类星体发出极高能伽马射线喷流

 微类星体是具有两股相似射电喷流的双星系统,它们与类星体的射电喷流类似,只是规模要小一些。喷流的射线来源于强磁场中以相对论速度运动的粒子,不过目前对这些喷流的成分却知之甚少。西班牙、德国、意大利、阿根廷、芬兰、瑞典、英国和亚美尼亚的几位科学家在《科学》杂志上介绍,他们用MAGIC望远镜(MajorAtmosphericGammarayImagingCherenkovtelescope)观察了从微类星体发出的高能伽马射线(大于100GeV)每月变化情况。对比伽马射线与无线电波、X射线的变化状态表明,伽马射线峰值的出现时间不是在两颗星距离最近的时候,这说明喷发过程中两颗星的轨道被巨大作用力所调节。     

在BFEL上实现红外和X光双波段运转的初步研究

 从康普顿散射的原理出发,分析了存在于北京自由电子激光器（BFEL）腔内的康普顿散射过程。提出了利用康普顿散射在BFEL上实现红外激光和软X光双波段运转的设想,并对实现该设想的实验方案进行了初步研究。     

Compton scattering opacity

We show first that there is an error in the literature in the evaluation of the Compton scattering opacity; second, we compare the corrected values with the published ones and, third, we show that two commonly made approximations are inaccurate in the case of electron degeneracy.     

Highlight results from the Compton gamma-ray observatory

Summary Astronomy is performed nowadays over the entire range of the electromagnetic spectrum from radio to gamma-ray energies. From the so-called ?New Astronomies? which are performed outside the optical window, we have learnt that each spectral range provides specific information, which cannot be obtained by other means. This is also true for gamma-ray astronomy. Gamma radiation represents the most energetic part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Therefore, it provides information about the most energetic processes and phenomena in the Universe. The energy band of space-borne gamma-ray astronomy extends over more than five orders, of magnitude—similar to the band from the radio to optical range. It is thus not surprising that a variety of different objects and phenomena can be studied. Gamma-ray astronomy at present is experiencing a golden age. This is mainly due to the many exciting results from NASA's Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, which has been in orbit for more than 4.5 years. The broad interest in this mission is remarkable. Perhaps its most important achievement is that gamma-ray astronomy has now become an integrated part of astronomy and astrophysics. One has recognized that there are objects in the Universe like radio pulsars and quasars, which do have their peak luminosities at gamma-ray energies. It is practically impossible to understand these objects without knowing their gamma-ray properties. Invited talk given at the XXIV International Cosmic-Ray Conference, Rome, August 28–September 8, 1995.     

Optics for the lattice of the compact storage ring for a Compton X-ray source

We present two types of optics for the lattice of a compact storage ring for a Compton X-ray source. The optics design for different operation modes of the storage ring are discussed in detail. For the pulse mode optics, an IBS-suppression scheme is applied to optimize the optics for lower IBS emittance growth rate; as for the steady mode, the method to control momentum compact factor is adopted [Gladkikh P, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 8, 050702] to obtain stability of the electron beam.     

Optics for the lattice of the compact storage ring for a Compton X-ray source

We present two types of optics for the lattice of a compact storage ring for a Compton X-ray source. The optics design for different operation modes of the storage ring are discussed in detail. For the pulse mode optics, an IBS-suppression scheme is applied to optimize the optics for lower IBS emittance growth rate; as for the steady mode, the method to control momentum compact factor is adopted [Gladkikh P, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 8, 050702] to     

Polarimetry of short-pulse gamma rays produced through inverse Compton scattering of circularly polarized laser beams

We have developed a polarimetry of ultrashort pulse gamma rays based on the fact that gamma rays penetrating in the forward direction through a magnetized iron carry information on the helicity of the original gamma rays. Polarized, short-pulse gamma rays of (1.1+/-0.2)x10(6)/bunch with a time duration of 31 ps and a maximum energy of 55.9 MeV were produced via Compton scattering of a circularly polarized laser beam of 532 nm off an electron beam of 1.28 GeV. The first demonstration of asymmetry measurements of short-pulse gamma rays was conducted using longitudinally magnetized iron of 15 cm length. It is found that the gamma-ray intensity is in good agreement with the simulated value of 1.0x10(6). Varying the degree of laser polarization, the asymmetry for 100% laser polarization was derived to be (1.29+/-0.12)%, which is also consistent with the expected value of 1.3%.     

Compton scattering from isotropic electrons

The exact Compton cross section for scattering of photons from isotropic monoenergetic electrons is given in analytical form. It is shown that the moments of the Legendre expansion of the scattering kernel can be obtained analytically, apart from an integration over the unknown electron distribution function.