激光驱动爆推靶特性研究

在神光装置上进行了爆推型DT气体的玻璃微球内爆实验。产生了5×(?)中子:内爆芯DT密度约一倍液D_2密度:内爆对称性4—8％:内爆速度3.3×10~(?)cm/s:内爆时间约150Ps:能量吸收系数约25％。实验结果与“一次冲击等熵压缩”理论符合得比较好     

激光聚变内爆D3He质子源的在线诊断系统

提出了一种基于混合像素探测器作为记录介质的用于激光聚变内爆D3He质子源能谱和产额测量的在线磁谱仪诊断系统。通过对探测器上特征团簇数目和能量的识别,结合诊断系统排布,可以快速获取激光聚变反应产生的D3He质子源的能谱和产额。在神光装置上对该诊断系统进行了测试。实验使用31束纳秒激光聚焦到靶丸上驱动聚变反应。靶丸内充有原子比1∶1的D₂和3He的混合气体。在线磁谱仪诊断系统测量到了中心能量在14.6 MeV、半高全宽为2.1 MeV、产额约(2.3±0.13)×109的初级D3He质子能谱。该系统的建立可以实时给出D3He质子源能谱和产额信息,从而更加及时地指导实验的开展。     

利用质子能损检测气体靶区有效靶原子密度的实验研究

准确测量气态靶区的有效靶原子密度能够提升离子与气体和离子与等离子体靶相互作用实验结果的精度和对物理过程的认识.实验中利用离子加速器引出的100 ke V质子束穿过一定长度的氢气靶,对质子的剩余能量进行了精确测量,获得了在气体靶内的质子能损数据,结合已有的能损研究结果,重新标定了气体靶区内的有效靶原子密度.分别比较了能损、电离型真空计IonIVac ITR 90和薄膜电容型真空计Varian CDG-500的实验测量结果,对比了修正后的电离型真空计有效气压曲线,结果发现质子束能损的测量方式具有原位、高准确性、在线监测等突出优势,为诊断气态靶有效原子密度提供了新的方法.     

超薄靶激光质子加速实验研究

在超短超强飞秒SILEX-Ⅰ激光装置上,开展了薄膜靶激光质子加速的实验研究。实验发现激光预脉冲、靶厚度对质子加速有很大的影响。在激光强度3×1018~3×1019 W/cm2条件下,采用前表面厚度为3 μm铜、后表面镀4 μm厚CH靶,质子的最大能量达到3.15 MeV。而对190 nm厚CH膜靶,质子的最大能量为0.54 MeV。初步研究了激光偏振对质子加速的影响,相同激光功率条件下,圆偏振激光加速产生的质子最大能量略低于P偏振打靶。这些结果与靶后鞘层加速机制相一致。     

超薄靶激光质子加速实验研究

在超短超强飞秒SILEX-Ⅰ激光装置上,开展了薄膜靶激光质子加速的实验研究。实验发现激光预脉冲、靶厚度对质子加速有很大的影响。在激光强度3×1018~3×1019W/cm2条件下,采用前表面厚度为3μm铜、后表面镀4μm厚CH靶,质子的最大能量达到3.15 MeV。而对190 nm厚CH膜靶,质子的最大能量为0.54 MeV。初步研究了激光偏振对质子加速的影响,相同激光功率条件下,圆偏振激光加速产生的质子最大能量略低于P偏振打靶。这些结果与靶后鞘层加速机制相一致。     

“神光Ⅱ”首轮基频光驱动内爆实验超热电子诊断

在“神光Ⅱ”装置上进行了激光直接驱动爆推型和烧蚀型DT气体的玻璃微球靶内爆实验.采用多道滤波荧光谱仪(FFS)测量15—250keV硬x射线谱,由高能x射线谱通量和斜率推算出这两种内爆靶产生的超热电子份额ηhe和超热电子温度Th分别为ηhe=25%—30%,Th=30—40keV和ηhe=05%—4%,Th=10—20keV.并给出了不同内爆靶型在不同激光能量EL和不同调焦方式下超热电子产生的特征,由爆推靶产生超热电子份额与实验测量靶的能量吸收效率ηa=29%—34%比对,证明爆推靶吸收的激光能量是以超热电子能量沉积为主,同时实验观测中子产额Yn随超热电子能量Ehe的增大而增大,从而证明了爆推靶是依靠超热电子加热玻璃球壳实现内爆的 关键词： 1.053μm激光 直接驱动 超热电子 爆推靶和烧蚀靶     

基于高精度3D打印工艺的ICF调制靶

惯性约束聚变(ICF)中的瑞利-泰勒不稳定性(RTI)研究需要基于多种结构的调制靶,针对目前调制靶制备的工艺问题,采用双光子3D打印工艺制备了平面调制、平面复合调制及球壳型调制三种典型结构的调制靶,靶材料为光敏树脂(95%:C₂₃H₃₈N₂O₈,5%:C₄H₆O₂)。采用激光共聚焦显微成像分析了三种调制靶的实际结构参数,三种靶型的实测形貌及其参数与设计结构及参数具有良好匹配度。为进一步验证双光子3D打印新型工艺制备调制靶的可行性,实验团队在“神光Ⅱ”高功率激光实验装置上进行了纳秒激光打靶实验,结果显示靶表面的调制在激光直接驱动下受RTI的作用随时间呈增长趋势,初始峰谷值为4μm的调制在激光驱动2.5 ns后形成了长度达100μm的高密度射流,表明基于高精度3D打印工艺制备结构复杂的调制靶用于RTI研究具有较高可行性。     

质子束轰击金属靶面的二次电子效应的模拟研究

基于粒子云网格计算方法,对质子束轰击靶面产生二次电子的效应进行了模拟研究,得到了不同电场强度对质子束的品质以及其产生的二次电子的数量的影响。研究表明,50 kV电压下,质子束束腰宽度1.8 mm,并有近10%的质子束打在阴极侧壁上;150 kV电压下,质子束束腰宽度1.2 mm。这说明,抽取电场强度小时质子束分散,其束流品质下降;抽取电场强度大时质子束紧凑。通过调控抽取、加速电压,可以有效地控制到靶质子流的聚散状况,以及由此产生的二次电子的强度及分布。     

ILC正电子源靶接触热传导冷却技术的初步研究

国际直线对撞机（ILC）正电子靶沉积的热功率将超过20 kW,传统的冷却方式已无法满足要求。美国Argonne国家实验室提出了摩擦接触热传导冷却的方法。根据Argonne实验室的研究方案,设计了一种旋转摩擦接触冷却的简化装置,根据热传导理论,结合ANSYS软件模拟了旋转冷却过程中的温度分布,理论上验证了方法的可行性。按照模拟的参数和结果,进行了摩擦接触热传导冷却实验,通过实验结果和数据分析证实了,低温区（20℃~50℃）有良好的冷却效应,初步验证了摩擦接触热传导冷却方案的有效性。A new scheme that cooling international Linear Collider (ILC) positron source target by touching thermal conduction (TTC) is presented by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL).Recent results of simulation for cooling the iron targets with 300 and 450 W heat reservoir by ANSYS and experiment of cooling the iron target with 300 and 450 W friction heat reservoir at Institute of Modern Physics (IMP),Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),have proved that the TTC has good cooling effect in low temperature zone (20℃~50℃),and preliminarily verified the feasibility of TTC for cooling the ILC positron source target.     

基于D3He反应产生的单能质子对ICF内爆过程的照相模拟研究

为实现单能质子对惯性约束聚变(ICF)内爆过程的诊断,使用FLUKA蒙特卡罗程序模拟分析了影响质子对内爆过程诊断的因素。通过设置不同初始质子数目,来分析质子产额对小球图像质量的影响,结果发现,要得到清晰图像,需要109的质子数。参照实验中常用的靶参数,模拟了直接驱动和间接驱动条件下的照相情况,分析了间接驱动情况下,金属腔对质子束的散射会造成内爆小球图像模糊,说明质子照相不适合间接驱动内爆。给出了一种时间分辨的质子照相方法,通过调整质子产生和内爆产生的时间差,实现了对内爆过程前后不同时刻的照相等。模拟表明,D3He反应产生的14.7 MeV的准单能质子具有的脉宽短、尺寸小的优点,可用于ICF内爆过程的动态照相。     

Measurement of D0, D+, Ds+ and D*+ production in fixed target 920?GeV proton–nucleus collisions

The inclusive production cross sections of the charmed mesons D⁰,D⁺,D_s ⁺ and D^*+ have been measured in interactions of 920 GeV protons on C, Ti, and W targets with the HERA-B detector at the HERA storage ring. Differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum and Feynman’s x variable are given for the central rapidity region and for transverse momenta up to p_T=3.5 GeV/c. The atomic mass number dependence and the leading to non-leading particle production asymmetries are presented as well. PACS 13.85.Ni; 24.85.+p; 13.20.Fc     

Superfluidity of 3He in dilute solutions of 3He in liquid 4He

The possibility of superfluidity of ³He in dilute solutions of ³He in liquid ⁴He is investigated, and the corresponding critical temperature is estimated. The results indicate S-state pairing, i.e., for small concentrations of ³He, the highest transition temperature is obtained for L = 0, but the obtained critical temperatures are very low.     

On the superfluidity of 3He in dilute mixtures of 3He4He

It is shown on the basis of the experimental data on thermodynamic and transport properties under pressure that the temperatures of the transition of ³He to the superfluid state for ³He-⁴He solutions with concentrations 0.6-3% lie in the range 0.4–1.4 mK.     

Coherent pion production in 3He3He collisions

A model is proposed to describe the near-threshold production of pions in the ${}^3\text{He}\text{(}{}^3\text{He}\text{, π}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)}{}^6\text{Li}$ reaction. Taking experimental data on the ${}^3\text{He}\text{(p, π}{}^{\mathrm{+}}\text{)}{}^4$He process as input the cross sections for the first three levels of ⁶Li are reproduced semi-quantitatively.     

Spectrum of 3He atoms in superfluid 4He

It is suggested that at a wave vector near the inverse average interparticle separation, the spectrum of a ³He atom in superfluid ⁴He has a roton like dip. The results of light scattering and transport measurements in liquid ³He-⁴He mixtures can thereby be reconciled.     

Continuous proton spectra emitted in 3He and deuteron induced reactions

A study of the energy and angular distributions of protons emitted in ³He induced reactions was undertaken at an incident energy of 25.6 MeV. An analysis in the framework of the pre-equilibrium hybrid model did not succeed in explaining the overall behaviour of proton spectra; a contribution due to a break-up or a double stripping of the incident particle has to be taken into account. An attempt was made to account for these processes by performing a phase space calculation. This formulation was firstly tried in the case of deuteron induced reactions for which a break-up mechanism has already been confirmed in continuous proton spectra. The calculation extended to the case of ³He induced reactions showed that a double stripping mechanism could explain the observed distribution.     

Electrodisintegration of 3He

Double differential cross sections for electron-³He scattering leading to continuum states were measured between break-up threshold and the region of quasi-free interaction in a momentum transfer range of $\text{1}\text{fm}{}^{\mathrm{?2}}\text{< ¦}\text{q}\text{¦}{}^2\text{< 2.5}\text{fm}{}^{\mathrm{?2}}$. The cross sections for the quasi-free scattering calculated in plane-wave impulse approximation were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results for momentum transfer $\text{¦}\text{q}\text{¦ > 1.5}\text{fm}{}^{\mathrm{?1}}$.     

Elastic electron scattering from 3He and 4He

The cross sections for elastic electron scattering from ³He and ⁴He were measured for the momentum transfer range from 0.45–2.0 fm^?1. The cross sections were separated into their longitudinal (charge) and transverse (magnetic) contributions using the Rosenbluth formula. The charge and magnetic form factors were obtained model-independently.The rms charge radii were found to be 1.671 (14) fm for ⁴He and 1.976 (15) fm for ³He, and the magnetic rms radius of ³He is 1.99 (6) fm. The mis charge radius for ⁴He is in excellent agreement with the latest muonic data.Comparison of the form factors was made with Faddeev three-body calculations using realistic two-body NN interactions. At present the theoretical calculation is not able to reproduce the experimental data.