共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
采用改进的SHPB方法对泡沫铝动态力学性能的研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
本文改进了传统的分离式霍布金森压杆(SHPB)技术,采用夹在透射杆中的PVDF压电计直接测量透射杆中的应力时程.同时,采用输入波形整形技术,通过调整加载波形,使试样加载过程中保证均匀变形及应力平衡.利用此改进了的SHPB技术对泡沫铝进行了高应变率下的动态压缩实验.实验结果表明:泡沫铝的动态应力应变曲线具有泡沫材料的应力应变曲线的“三阶段”特征(elastic region,collapse region and densification region),并且应变率对其力学性能影响明显. 相似文献
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利用研制的岩石动静组合加载实验装置进行循环冲击实验,研究了在循环冲击过程中岩石典型的
动态应力应变曲线及反射波和透射波的变化规律。结果表明:岩石在循环冲击过程中的动态应力应变曲线可
分为压密阶段、弹性阶段、内部裂纹扩展的加载阶段、第1卸载阶段和第2卸载阶段等5个阶段。在相同入射
波循环作用下,随着循环次数的增加,岩石的反射波峰值越来越大,反射波峰值出现的时间越来越迟,透射波
峰值越来越小,透射波峰值出现的时间越来越早,表明在循环冲击过程中岩石内部损伤逐渐累积,从而导致抵
抗外部冲击载荷的能力逐渐降低。 相似文献
3.
采用INSTRON准静态压缩试验机和分离式霍普金森压杆装置,研究固溶态AM80镁合金在室温准静态和冲击载荷下的变形行为及组织演变。准静态载荷下,流变应力随应变率(3×10-5~4×10-1 s-1)的升高逐渐降低,表现为负应变率敏感性;冲击载荷下,流变应力随应变率(7.00×102~5.20×103 s-1)的升高而升高,呈现出明显的正应变率敏感性。冲击载荷下AM80镁合金的变形机制以基面滑移和孪生为主,大量细小致密的形变孪生以及适量非基面滑移的启动是AM80镁合金在冲击载荷下流变应力明显高于准静态载荷的重要原因。此外,随应变率的升高,AM80镁合金变形的均匀性明显增强,当应变速率升至3.65×103 s-1时,冲击变形所引起的局部绝热温升软化大于应变硬化与应变速率硬化的总和,部分晶粒产生了明显的动态回复,使得孪晶密度和变形均匀性反而降低。 相似文献
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针对深部矿井中煤岩所处的高应力、强开采扰动等复杂的赋存环境特点,设计并研发蓄能落锤式动静组合加载试验系统,本文详细介绍了该系统的结构特点、技术指标及功能等。该系统能够分别独立向试样施加轴向冲击载荷、轴向静载荷及侧向静载荷,实现试样不同动静组合加载。该系统所用试样尺寸大,向试样施加的冲击载荷更接近现场实际。采用冲击力传感器及动态应变仪等高精度传感器进行实时监测,记录试样应变及所受冲击载荷。利用该系统对煤样进行了相同轴向载荷与不同冲击载荷共同作用下的动静组合加载试验,实时采集煤样冲击过程中力与应变数据。通过绘制冲击过程煤样应力应变曲线,分析不同动静组合加载下煤样应力及应变的变化特点,通过观察煤样形态,分析煤样的破坏变形特征,初步研究不同动静组合条件下煤样的破坏变形规律。该系统的研制丰富了深部高应力、强扰动等环境下岩石力学性质的研究手段,可为防治冲击地压灾害提供科学的试验基础。 相似文献
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动静组合加载作用下花岗岩破碎的分形特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在分离式霍普金森压杆实验装置上进行了花岗岩破坏的动静组合加载实验.通过对受载后岩样破碎块度进行筛分统计,得到了该加载条件下岩石破碎的粒度分布.在此基础上,通过理论计算公式,进一步得到了相应的破碎分形维数,分别探讨了静载荷和冲击载荷对分维数的影响.结果表明,动静组合加载作用下花岗岩破碎分维值在2.0~2.8之间;相同静载不同动载下,花岗岩的破碎分维值与试样的应变率有关,随应变率增大而增大;而在相同冲击动载下,静载荷变化对分形维数的影响不大. 相似文献
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分层梯度材料特定的梯度变化能有效增强材料性能。为研究梯度结构、冲击方向对分层梯度材料冲击响应的影响,利用分离式霍普金森压杆结合高速摄影技术对Mo-ZrC分层梯度金属陶瓷进行了动态压缩实验,基于数字图像相关技术讨论了梯度结构、冲击方向对金属陶瓷材料破坏模式的影响,利用Mori-Tanaka理论计算得到金属陶瓷等效性质,结合应力波理论研究波在分层梯度复合材料中的传播规律。结果表明:(1)相同加载条件下,梯度结构对材料的强度、韧性和破坏产物的完整性具有重要影响,在冲击过程中,样品响应可以分为压紧阶段、裂纹成核发展阶段和贯穿阶段,对于不同梯度结构和冲击方向,样品在加载过程中呈现出不同的破坏时序和失效模式;(2)利用数字图像相关方法跟踪分层梯度陶瓷的局部变形发展,分析发现局部增量达到临界状态后,局部变形发展转化为微裂纹的形成和累积,最终导致整体性破碎失效;(3)通过分层梯度材料一维应力波传播理论推导得到,改变冲击梯度方向对应力波透反射系数存在一定影响,不同梯度结构设计对改变冲击梯度方向敏感性不同,且存在极值情况。 相似文献
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采用考虑横向惯性效应的Rayleigh-Love杆理论分析了一个弹性试件在分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)加载过程中的内部弹性波传播过程,运用Laplace变换和反变换方法,得到了试件内部各点的变形、速度、应变和应力解析解.通过数值计算,得到梯形入射波加载情况下,纵向应力在试件内部的连续变化过程,以及波传播所伴随的横向附加应力.计算表明:在试件/入射杆界面附近,初次加载所产生的横向附加应力最大,可达入射波平台的12%;在大部分试件区域,纵向应力波传播将造成入射波平台4%~6%的横向附加应力;材料的泊松比越大,或者杆/试件声阻抗比越小,所伴随的横向附加应力越大;梯形波的上升时间和试件长径比对横向附加应力影响不大. 相似文献
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为考察脆性空心颗粒在冲击载荷作用下的应变率效应和破碎行为的细观机理,以粉煤灰漂珠为研究对象,基于低速冲击实验和有限元数值模拟,对比了典型空心颗粒材料在不同加载速率下的力学响应特性和细观压溃行为,阐释了材料宏观应变率效应产生的细观机理,获得以下结果。(1)在0.001~300 s?1应变率范围,漂珠颗粒的破碎率和Hardin破碎势平均提升了约21%和10%~30%,材料比吸能提升了50%~125%,比吸能的额外增加主要与动态颗粒滑移产生的摩擦耗能相关。颗粒平均尺寸较大的试样体现出更强的应变率效应。(2)初始压溃阶段的应力应变响应特征的数值模拟结果与实验结果较吻合,低速冲击下动态二次压溃现象产生的细观机理为动态颗粒滑移和压紧行为对加载速率的依赖性。(3) 数值模拟表明,冲击加载下产生相同应变时颗粒的损伤程度和范围大于准静态加载,这与实验所得破碎势随应变率增加的结果一致。对比低速冲击实验的相对破碎势分析和细观数值模拟结果可知,脆性颗粒堆积材料在动态冲击下表现出的宏观应变率效应主要归因于颗粒压溃行为的率敏感性和动态加载下颗粒破碎能量利用率的降低。 相似文献
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利用传统分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar, SHPB)实验技术来实现试件在较低应变率下的大变形时,需要使用超长的压杆系统,杆件的加工和实验空间限制了该技术的推广应用。鉴于此,提出一种直撞式霍普金森压杆二次加载实验技术,利用透射杆中的应力波在其末端的准刚性壁反射实现对试件的二次加载,并分析了准刚性质量块尺寸对二次加载的影响规律;采用二点波分离方法对叠加的应力波进行了有效分离和计算,在总长4 m的压杆系统中实现了1.2 ms的长历时加载,并可以准确获得试件的加载应变率曲线和应力应变关系。建立了直撞式霍普金森压杆二次加载有限元模型,数值仿真结果表明,该实验技术能有效地实现试件的二次加载,与超长SHPB系统获得的仿真结果相比较,两者的试件应力应变关系完全一致。利用该技术对1100铝合金材料进行动态压缩实验,实现了其在102 s?1量级应变率下的大变形动态力学性能测试。 相似文献
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Studying the dynamic elasto-plastic contact behavior of dimer metallic granules, defined as contacting beads of either different size or material, is important for understanding the behavior of heterogeneous granular systems such as periodic or multi-phase systems. In this paper, the dynamic contact response of dimer bead pairs was experimentally studied using a split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus. Two types of dimer combinations were subjected to dynamic loading: dimers with the same bead size but different materials (material dimers), and dimers of the same material but different size (size dimers). Dynamic elasto-plastic contact force-displacement curves, post mortem images of yielded contact area, residual contact deformation, and energy absorption during the impact process were measured in each case. It was found that the dynamic contact behavior of the material dimers is controlled by the material with lower yield strength, and can be well described by existing elasto-plastic contact models. In contrast, the size dimers show a complex deformation process that cannot be described by current theoretical models. It was also seen that the strain rate sensitivity of the material itself affects the dynamic yield process of size dimer pairs, and their radius ratio shows a linear effect on the residual deformation and energy transmitted ratio. 相似文献
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High-rate decremental-strain-rate test 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A modified torsional split-Hopkinson bar is intoduced and used to study material response associated with a sudden reduction
of stain rate during high-rate plastic deformation. In tests on 1100-0 aluminum iniial deformation at a strain rate of approximately
2400 s−1 is reduced by a factor of 15 after 200 μs of high-rate deformation. After the reduction, the deformation continues at the
low rate for additional 550 μs. The change in the strain rate is obtained by using a stepped input bar. The results for 1100-0
aluminum show a decrease in the flow stress following the reduction in the strain rate. A short delay exists between the beginning
of the strain-rate reduction and the response of the stress. The magnitude of the drop in the stress agrees with the difference
in flow stress expected in constant-strain-rate tests in the corresponding high- and low-strain rates. Following the stress
reduction. The stress remains essentially constant with no hardening during the subsequent deformation at the low rate. 相似文献
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本文提出一种基于高速摄像和数字图像相关方法(DIC)的分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)测量技术,从而实现试件应变和两端应力的同步测量。即在与试件接触的输入输出杆两端制作散斑,通过高速摄像获取SHPB实验过程中的散斑变形图像,由DIC测得各时刻试件的应变、输入输出杆端的应变(可直接换算为试件两端的应力)。由于试件和杆端的应变都是从同一张高速摄影的图像上分析得到的,因此它们是同步的。应用该方法对钢纤维混凝土试件的SHPB试验进行了测量,测量结果与传统应变片测量结果吻合,验证了该方法的可行性。该技术不仅实现了SHPB实验中试件应变和应力的同步测量,还将有助于直接检验各材料在SHPB实验中试件两端的力在实验过程中是否平衡。 相似文献
16.
A split Hopkinson bar technique for low-impedance materials 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
An experimental technique that modifies the conventional split Hopkinson pressure bar has been developed for measuring the compressive stress-strain responses of materials with low mechanical impedance and low compressive strengths such as elastomers at high strain rates. A high-strength aluminum alloy was used for the bar materials instead of steel, and the transmission bar was hollow. The lower Young's modulus of the aluminum alloy and the smaller cross-sectional area of the hollow bar increased the amplitude of the transmitted strain signal by an order of magnitude as compared to a conventional steel bar. In addition, a pulse shaper lengthened the rise time of the incident pulse to ensure stress equilibrium and homogeneous deformation in the low-impedance specimen. Experimental results show that the high strain rate, compressive stress-strain behavior of an elastomeric material can be determined accurately and reliably using this technique. 相似文献
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采用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)加载方法和高速摄影技术,对混合压制烧结法制备的铝颗粒增强聚四氟乙烯复合材料(polytetrafluoroethylene/Al,PTFE/Al)的冲击反应临界条件进行研究。实验中采用钢杆、铝杆和不同尺寸的试样,进行不同加载条件下的测试,实验结果表明:PTFE/Al复合材料的冲击反应过程主要可分为变形、碎裂、反应阶段,其冲击反应临界同时关联于应力和应变率。并基于实验获得了PTFE/Al复合材料的冲击反应临界渐进线应力和应变率,通过对实验数据的归纳和分析,初步提出实验条件下关联应力和应变率的PTFE/Al临界反应关系式,获得冲击反应阈值预测曲线。 相似文献
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We present a Hopkinson bar technique to evaluate the performance of accelerometers that measure large amplitude pulses, such
as those experienced during projectile penetration tests. An aluminum striker bar impacts a thin Plexiglas or copper disk
placed on the impact surface of an aluminum incident bar. The Plexiglas or copper disk pulse shaper produces a nondispersive
stress wave that propagates in the aluminum incident bar and eventually interacts with a tungsten disk at the end of the bar.
A quartz stress gage is placed between the aluminum bar and tungsten disk, and an accelerometer is mounted to the free end
of the tungsten disk. An analytical model shows that the rise time of the incident stress pulse in the aluminum bar is long
enough and the tungsten disk length is short enough that the response of the tungsten disk can be accurately approximated
as rigid-body motion. We measure stress at the aluminum bar-tungsten disk interface with the quartz gage and we calculate
rigid-body acceleration of the tungsten disk from Newton's Second Law and the stress gage data. In addition, we measure strain-time
at two locations on the aluminum incident bar to show that the incident strain pulse is nondispersive and we calculate rigid-body
acceleration of the tungsten disk from a model that uses this strain-time data. Thus, we can compare accelerations measured
with the accelerometer and accelerations calculated with models that use stress gage and strain gage measurements. We show
that all three acceleration-time pulses are in very close agreement for acceleration amplitudes to about 20,000 G. 相似文献