核物理中的π介子

在强子层次上,原子核或强子物质的基本组元是核子和介子.弄清这些强子的结构,并由基本原理出发研究它们的性质,是当代核物理的重要课题.在各种介子中,π介子是最轻且最重要的介子.关于自由空间中π介子的结构与性质、核介质内π介子的性质、π 核子相互作用与π 核相互作用等问题,始终受到相当多的关注.π介子在核物理中的作用直接联系着手征对称性,汤川秀树关于π介子的最初概念已经大大发展了.有清楚的实验证据表明,核内存在π介子的集体模式,这种集体模式与以前观测到的所有核集体运动模式截然不同.拟对π 核物理的研究现状及值得进一步研究的主要问题予以简要评述. At the hadronic level, nucleons and mesons are constituents of nuclei and hadronic matter. Understanding the structures of hadrons, finding the physics of how the properties of these particles arise from the first principle, are major interests in modern nuclear physics. Among mesons, the lightest and most important one is certainly the pion, thus it is no accident that its structure, properties (both in free space and in nuclear matter) and interactions with nucleons and nuclei have gotten considerable ...     

π介子单电荷交换对无中微子双β衰变的贡献

本文计算了π介子单电荷交换机制对传递重中微子的0νββ衰变振幅的贡献,并与以前的π介子双电荷交换机制下的计算结果进行了比较,我们发现:对此衰变有重要贡献的π介子自由度只是π介子双电荷交换机制.     

Z0衰变产生Bc介子

本文基于最重要的"硬"产生机制,计算了Z⁰衰变产生B_c(或B_c)介子并伴有c(或c)和b(或b)两个重夸克喷注的产生率.指出在LEP上的下一次取数据中将产生出足够数目的B_c(或B_c)介子的性质成为可能.     

π介子的非对称发射与核媒质态方程

本文采用VUU模型研究了1.8AGeV Ar+Pb碰撞中π介子子非对称发射携带的核物质态方程信息.指出在靶核旁观者吸收较弱的入射核快度区域,末态π介子的集体运动中保留着同重子集体关联类似的特性.其发射方位角分布的非对称性是对核物质态方程敏感的参量.由π介子方位角关联函数方法对Bevalac激光室1.8AGeV Ar+Pb碰撞实验数据的分析结果和对硬核媒质态方程模型模拟事件的计算相符合.     

核介质中π介子的衰变常数

研究了核介质中π介子衰变常数fπ 随核介质密度 ρ变化的规律 ,指出了随着核密度的增加fπ 逐渐减小。在正常核物质密度 ρ0 (=0 .17fm3 )时 ,fπ 减小百分之三十三左右。这对于研究核物质中介子动力学和相对论重离子碰撞中夸克胶子等离子体相变都是十分重要的。     

PP→π0π0η分波分析理论公式及蒙特卡罗模拟研究

pp^-→π^0π^0 η飞行湮没过程是寻找π^0π^0η系统中的胶球和π^0η系统中的J^pc为1^- 的奇特态粒子的极佳过程,采用相对论张量分波分析方法给出该过程的分波分析理论公式,并对该过程进行了一些蒙特卡罗模拟研究。     

K、π介子产生中的量子统计效应

研究了200A GeV S+S和S+Ag碰撞中K、π介子产生的量子统计效应, 并和实验结果进行了比较；理论计算再现了实验结果.获取的freeze-out温度约为110MeV，重子密度约为0.05ρ₀.     

探测中性TC矢量介子的可能性

构造了与中性矢量介子有关的最低阶相互作用算符.用这些算符计算了新的一代TC(Technicolor)模型的最轻的中性矢量介子ρ⁰的各种可能衰变宽度、分支比,并讨论了在pp碰撞或LEPⅡ上观测此种粒子的可能性.     

维数正规化和NJL模型π介子性质

利用定义于Grassmann扩展空间的Dirac代数算符表象的维数正规化方案,研究Nambu-Jona-Lasinio(NJL)模型中的π介子模式的性质.说明维数正规化方法可以给出NJL模型中强子模式的解析形式和相应的符合实验的数值结果.     

关于■→■π~0衰变过程研究

系统地计算 B0 → K0 π0 衰变过程的强子矩阵元 ,它包括领头阶因子化部分 ,αs 修正的硬胶子交换部分和软胶子交换部分 .其中软胶子交换部分 ,无论在量子色动力学 (QCD)因子化方法中 ,还是在微扰QCD中都不能进行计算 .用光锥QCD求和规则系统地计算了这部分贡献 ,并发现在该衰变道中软胶子交换部分与领头阶因子化部分以及αs 修正的硬胶子交换部分有相同的数量级 ,因此不能忽略 .最后计算了该衰变过程的分支比 ,计算结果与实验结果相一致     

Neutral Pion Photoproduction on Neutron

The reaction γn → π⁰n is investigated both theoretically and experimentally as an important step toward determining the electromagnetic coupling constants of the N* and Δ* resonances [1]. We analyze the data on the collisions of γ quanta with energies between 200 and 800 MeV with a deuterium target collected by the A2 experiment in Mainz, Germany. These complement the data for neutral-pion photoproduction on protons obtained by the same experiment [2].     

Experimental Limit on the Probability of Neutral Pion Emission in Neutron-Induced Fission of 235U Nuclei

Results of an experiment on the search for the emission of ⁰ mesons in neutron-induced fission of ²³⁵U nuclei based on the detection in coincidence of two -quanta from the ⁰-meson decay performed with the nuclear reactor developed at the Scientific-Research Nuclear Physics Institute at Tomsk Polytechnic University are described. The experimental setup comprised two erenkov spectrometers of total absorption for the detection and measurement of -quantum energy placed in two coaxial horizontal channels of the nuclear reactor. Water filters placed in the channels were used to protect the detectors from -, -, and neutron fluxes. To reject the cosmic radiation, scintillation counters of large area, operating in anticoincidence mode, were placed above each spectrometer. The experimentally measured limitation on the probability of neutral pion emission in neutron-induced fission of nuclei was established 4.1·10^–11 with a 90% confidence level. The energy spectrum of -quanta from the active reactor zone was measured in the range 32–65 MeV. The parameters of the spectrum deviated from the results of theoretical calculations and from the experiment performed with the nuclear pulse reactor developed at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna).     

Pion Softening and Pion Condensation

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - In this paper after a historical introduction I discuss ideas of a pion softening and pion condensation in a dense nuclear matter, in particular in neutron stars, and a...     

Pion induced fission

Fissilities induced by the absorption ofπ ^? at rest in nuclei ranging from rare earth region to Uranium are evaluated by means of the Exciton Model. The theoretical results satisfactorily reproduce the experimental findings provided the ratioa _f/a_n is greater than unity and equal to 1.1.     

Pion–Pion Interaction in a Soluble Two-Level Nambu–Jona-Lasinio Model

We explore the interplay between the few-body aspects of few-pion states and the many-body aspects of their quark structure. We show for a schematic quasispin model similar to the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model how one can derive rather accurately the pion–pion scattering length from the excitation spectrum in a box.     

Pion Coupling to Nuclei

The concept of the pion-nucleus coupling constants is discussed. Methods of their determination are reviewed. These include: forward dispersion relations, extrapolation of differential cross sections to the poles in the angular variable, analysis of data on electromagnetic form factors with the use of the PCAC and CVC hypotheses, pion photoproduction at threshold and low-ernergy theorems. Our present knowledge of the pion coupling to the He, Li, Be, C, N and O nuclei is summarized.