In-vivo fluorescence molecular tomography based on optimal small animal surface reconstruction

Accurate small animal surface reconstruction is important for full angle non-contact fluorescence molecular tomography （FMT） systems. In this letter, an optimal surface reconstruction method for FMT is proposed. The proposed method uses a line search method to minimize the mismatch between the reconstructed three- dimensional （3D） surface and the projected object silhouette at different angles. The results show that the mean mismatches of the 3D surfaces generated on three live anesthetized mice are all less than two charge coupled device （CCD） pixels （0.154 mm）. With the accurately reconstructed 3D surface, in-vivo FMT is also performed.     

Tikhonov-regularization-based projecting sparsity pursuit method for fluorescence molecular tomography reconstruction

For fluorescence molecular tomography(FMT),image quality could be improved by incorporating a sparsity constraint.The L1 norm regularization method has been proven better than the L2 norm,like Tikhonov regularization.However,the Tikhonov method was found capable of achieving a similar quality at a high iteration cost by adopting a zeroing strategy.By studying the reason,a Tikhonov-regularization-based projecting sparsity pursuit method was proposed that reduces the iterations significantly and achieves good image quality.It was proved in phantom experiments through time-domain FMT that the method could obtain higher accuracy and less oversparsity and is more applicable for heterogeneous-target reconstruction,compared with several regularization methods implemented in this Letter.     

Revisiting the normalized Born approximation: effects of scattering

The normalized Born approximation has been suggested as a ratiometric method in fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) applications, to account for heterogeneity variations. The method enabled practical inversions, as it offered fluorescence reconstruction accuracy over a wide range of absorption heterogeneity, while also accounting for unknown experimental factors, such as the various system gains and losses. Yet it was noted that scattering variations affect the robustness and accuracy. Herein we decompose the effects of absorption and scattering and capitalize on the recent development of hybrid FMT/x-ray computed tomography imaging methods to proposed amendments to the method, which improve the overall accuracy of the approach.     

Reconstruction for limited-projection fluorescence molecular tomography based on projected restarted conjugate gradient normal residual

Limited-projection fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) can greatly reduce the acquisition time, which is suitable for resolving fast biology processes in vivo but suffers from severe ill-posedness because of the reconstruction using only limited projections. To overcome the severe ill-posedness, we report a reconstruction method based on the projected restarted conjugate gradient normal residual. The reconstruction results of two phantom experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible for limited-projection FMT.     

时域荧光分子层析图像重建的线性特征数据法

通过扩展用于时域扩散光成像(Diffuse Optical Tomography, DOT)的广义脉冲谱技术,提出了一种用于时域荧光分子层析成像(Fluorescence Molecular Tomography, FMT)的线性特征数据图像重建算法.此算法能够同时重建荧光产率和荧光寿命,并且利用模拟数据对此方法进行验证,证明了算法的有效性.     

快速估计荧光分子断层成像中单个荧光物的深度

荧光分子断层成像支持在体无创研究长时间跨度的分子事件,满足21世纪系统化地观测生命过程的要求。在其复杂且耗时的重建中,先验信息有助于加快重建速度,提高重建图像的质量。文章将求解荧光物的深度作为待优化问题,由单幅荧光图像直接快速地估计深度信息。首先根据生物组织内的扩散模型和外推边界条件,推导出生物体边界上两点处荧光强度的比值R_f。然后用粒子群优化算法,在吸收系数和散射系数的估计区间内,由最小化生物体边界上两点处模型值RM_f与测量值RT_f之间的差,估计出荧光物的深度。不同尺寸荧光物的两个仿体实验的结果表明,所提出的方法不需要网格剖分和重建,能快速简单地估计出单个类似于球体的荧光物的深度。     

Multiple-view fluorescence optical tomography reconstruction using compression of experimental data

We report on the experimental demonstration of a fast reconstruction method for multiview fluorescence diffuse optical tomography by using a wavelet-based data compression. We experimentally demonstrate that the use of data compression combined with the multiview approach makes it possible to perform a fast reconstruction of high quality. A structured illumination approach, guided by the compression scheme, has been adopted to further reduce the acquisition time. The reconstruction algorithm is based on the finite element method, and hence is suitable for samples of any arbitrary shape.     

Tailored utilization of acquired k-space points for GRAPPA reconstruction

The generalized auto-calibrating partially parallel acquisition (GRAPPA) is an auto-calibrating parallel imaging technique which incorporates multiple blocks of data to derive the missing signals. In the original GRAPPA reconstruction algorithm only the data points in phase encoding direction are incorporated to reconstruct missing points in k-space. It has been recognized that this scheme can be extended so that data points in readout direction are also utilized and the points are selected based on a k-space locality criterion. In this study, an automatic subset selection strategy is proposed which can provide a tailored selection of source points for reconstruction. This novel approach extracts a subset of signal points corresponding to the most linearly independent base vectors in the coefficient matrix of fit, effectively preventing incorporating redundant signals which only bring noise into reconstruction with little contribution to the exactness of fit. Also, subset selection in this way has a regularization effect since the vectors corresponding to the smallest singular values are eliminated and consequently the condition of the reconstruction is improved. Phantom and in vivo MRI experiments demonstrate that this subset selection strategy can effectively improve SNR and reduce residual artifacts for GRAPPA reconstruction.     

压缩感知同步扫描重建及其采样方案的研究

压缩感知(compressed sensing,CS)-磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)技术使用随机欠采样的k空间数据来重建图像,大大提高了成像速度.但典型的CS重建很费时,这也是CS-MRI临床应用的主要障碍之一.针对这一问题,该文提出了在扫描时同步进行CS图像重建的方案.在同步重建的过程中,可以实时显示重建图像的结果,用户可以根据图像质量来决定何时终止扫描,这样可以在节约扫描和重建时间的同时,更好地控制图像质量.由于预先无法确定最终的采样率,因此传统的变密度随机采样方法并不完全适用.该文设计了适用于同步重建过程的采样模式生成方案,同时提出了分段采样方法,把采样过程分为两个阶段,不同阶段使用不同的概率密度函数(probability density function,PDF)确定待采样的相位编码行.模拟实验的结果表明,与使用单一密度函数的采样方案相比,分段采样方案能够在整个同步扫描重建过程中始终获得更好的图像.     

荧光分子层析中的全时间分辨图像重建法

在荧光分子层析(Fluorescence molecular tomography,FMT)中.全时间分辨(Time Resolved.TR)测量包含了最多的光子传输信息.基于有限元一有限差分扩散方程的正向模型和Newtown-Raphson的逆向模型,将全时间分辨方法用于时域荧光分子层析中.用模拟数据对算法在空间分辨率、定量性、重建尺寸和灰度的保真度以及噪声稳健性等方面进行了验证.结果表明,此方法能够实时重建荧光产率和荧光寿命图像.与以前发展的基于广义脉冲谱技术(Generalized pulse spectrum technique,GPST)的特征数据法进行图像重建相比较.整体上优于广义脉冲谱技术.     

分块稀疏信号1-bit压缩感知重建方法

1-bit压缩感知理论指出:对稀疏信号进行少量线性投影并对投影信号进行1-bit量化,该1-bit信号包含足够的信息,从而能对原始信号进行高精度重建.然而,当信号难以进行稀疏表达时,传统1-bit压缩感知算法无法精确重建原始信号.前期研究表明,分块稀疏模型作为一种特殊的结构型稀疏模型,对于难以用传统稀疏模型进行表达的信号具有较好的表达作用.本文提出了一种针对分块稀疏信号的1-bit压缩感知重建方法,该方法利用分块稀疏的统计特性对信号进行数学建模,通过变分贝叶斯推断方法进行信号重建并在光电容积脉搏波(photoplethysmography)信号上进行了实验验证.实验结果表明,与现有1-bit压缩感知重建方法相比,本文方法重建精度更高,且收敛速度更快.     

一种结合并行成像和压缩感知的快速磁共振成像新方法

压缩感知（CS）技术和并行成像技术（主要是SENSE技术、GRAPPA技术等）都能通过减少k空间数据的采集量来加快磁共振成像速度,目前已有一些将两种方法相结合进一步加速磁共振成像速度的方法（例如CS-GRAPPA）.本文针对数据采集和重建这两方面对现有CS-GRAPPA方法进行了改进,采集方式上采用了局部等间隔采集模板以满足GRAPPA重建的要求,并对采集模板进行随机放置以满足CS重建的要求;数据重建时,根据自动校正数据估算GRAPPA算法中欠采行的重建误差,并利用误差的大小确定在CS算法中保真的程度.不同磁共振图像重建实验的结果表明：与现有方法相比,本文方法能够更好地保留原有图像细节并有效减少伪影.     

Unsupervised regions of interest extraction for color image compression

A novel unsupervised approach for regions of interest (ROI) extraction that combines the modified visual attention model and clustering analysis method is proposed. Then the non-uniform color image compression algorithm is followed to compress ROI and other regions with different compression ratios through the JPEG image compression algorithm. The reconstruction algorithm of the compressed image is similar to that of the JPEG algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance in terms of compression ratio and fidelity when comparing with other traditional approaches.     

光子计数集成成像的压缩与重构

集成成像技术作为一种重要的裸眼三维显示技术,在完整记录三维场景信息的同时,庞大的数据量给传输和存储带来了压力。为了实现图像的有效压缩和重构,根据光子计数集成成像的特点,基于分布式压缩感知理论,提出用于图像压缩与重构的方案。该方案将图像分为参考图像和非参考图像两类,对其设置不同的测量率并分别进行重构。为保证非参考图像的重构质量,提出一种联合重构算法。该算法首先对非参考图像进行分块测量,依据与参考图像之间的相关性进行图像块分类,然后结合参考图像测量值信息构建新的测量矢量,利用新的测量矢量完成初次图像重构。为了进一步提升图像重构质量,对初次重构结果进行二次残差补偿重构,获得最终重构结果。最后通过设置不同的测量率进行了大量实验,实验结果表明,所提算法在测量率为0.25时,图像重构质量可以达到30 dB,测量率为0.4时,图像质量可以达到35 dB,算法性能具有一定的优越性。     

Levenberg–Marquardt iterative regularization for the pulse-type impact-force reconstruction

In this paper, we study the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm with the trust region strategy to iteratively solve the ill-posed impact-force reconstruction problem. This particular problem is interesting because the impact-force particularly those of the pulse-type are difficult to be measured directly. In the present approach, the necessity of regularization is enforced by means of the trust region approach. This study mainly contributes a systematic approach to locate the optimal solution by tracking the Levenberg–Marquardt parameter. The proposed method is evaluated by solving two typical problem existed in the inverse problem of the impact-force reconstruction. Reasonable accurate impact-forces were produced from the both evaluations.     

标志位频谱感知方法研究

文章提出了一种新的标志位频谱感知方法,主要由数据采集和频谱感知两部分组成.前者主要基于标准的压缩感知技术,研究了一种标志位数据采集方法,仅保留测量数据的标志位信息,从而减少了测量数据的存储量.后者基于一致恢复原理和共轭梯度算法来构造频谱感知算法.仿真结果表明,标志位频谱感知方法可以在降低数据采集量及存储量的同时完美获取原始信号的频谱信息.该方法可以应用于无线通信、电子对抗、智能吸波结构以及感知无线电的前端频谱测量设计阶段中. 关键词： 频谱感知 标志位压缩感知 智能吸波结构     

A software channel compression technique for faster reconstruction with many channels

In magnetic resonance imaging, highly parallel imaging using coil arrays with a large number of elements is an area of growing interest. With increasing channel numbers for parallel acquisition, the increased reconstruction time and extensive computer memory requirements have become significant concerns. In this work, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to develop a channel compression technique. This technique efficiently reduces the size of parallel imaging data acquired from a multichannel coil array, thereby significantly reducing the reconstruction time and computer memory requirement without undermining the benefits of multichannel coil arrays. Clinical data collected with a 32-channel cardiac coil are used in all of the experiments. The performance of the proposed method on parallel, partially acquired data, as well as fully acquired data, was evaluated. Experimental results show that the proposed method dramatically reduces the processing time without considerable degradation in the quality of reconstructed images. It is also demonstrated that this PCA technique can be used to perform intensity correction in parallel imaging applications.     

An image compression method for space multispectral time delay and integration charge coupled device camera

Multispectral time delay and integration charge coupled device （TDICCD） image compression requires a low- complexity encoder because it is usually completed on board where the energy and memory are limited. The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems （CCSDS） has proposed an image data compression （CCSDS-IDC） algorithm which is so far most widely implemented in hardware. However, it cannot reduce spectral redundancy in mukispectral images. In this paper, we propose a low-complexity improved CCSDS-IDC （ICCSDS-IDC）-based distributed source coding （DSC） scheme for multispectral TDICCD image consisting of a few bands. Our scheme is based on an ICCSDS-IDC approach that uses a bit plane extractor to parse the differences in the original image and its wavelet transformed coefficient. The output of bit plane extractor will be encoded by a first order entropy coder. Low-density parity-check-based Slepian-Wolf （SW） coder is adopted to implement the DSC strategy. Experimental results on space multispectral TDICCD images show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms the CCSDS-IDC-based coder in each band.     

Characterization of a cylindrical rod by inversion of acoustic scattering data

In this paper, a new approach is proposed for nondestructive characterization of immersed and embedded isotropic rod-shaped samples by inversion of acoustic scattering data. The normal mode expansion technique is used for modelling the scattered field and the compression incident and compression scattered waves are considered. Genetic algorithm is the inversion technique used for estimating the elastic wave velocities and density of the rods from their measured backscattered pressure spectrum. The inversion technique is capable of computing the parameter values that best fit a particular set of data. A perturbation study is conducted on the sensitivity of the resonance frequencies to changes in elastic properties and density of the rods. The numerical results indicate that proper selection of resonance frequencies leads to accurate measurement of elastic constants and density. The proposed approach showed very good convergence and the results obtained were found to agree very well with available data.     

ADV212在大视场多光谱TDICCD空间相机中的应用

针对空间多光谱相机中CCD输出数据量大、谱段间冗余小和行频可变等导致常见基于矢量量化、预测和变换编码的整体压缩方案硬件实现困难的问题,提出了一种基于ADV212的空间相机图像压缩方案。依据ADV212工作原理和CCD图像特点,提出了Custom-specific工作模式,在该模式下,使用提出的图像帧和中断处理策略,并以流水线作业的方式实现单片ADV212处理8通道CCD图像;分析了影响图像压缩质量的2个参数,提出了(10,5)量化步长设置方法,使码率控制误差减小了16.385%;使用地检设备对ADV212压缩系统进行了试验验证。结果表明,压缩系统能快速稳定地工作,在压缩比指标2∶1～32∶1内,PSNR均在30dB以上,与传统方法相比,在正常工作压缩比为1bpp时平均PSNR提高了2.49dB。有效的解决了整体压缩方案硬件实现困难的问题。