弹体斜侵彻混凝土靶的实验研究及其数值模拟

以弹体斜侵彻混凝土的弹道特性为研究内容,通过侵彻实验与数值模拟得到了不同速度下的侵彻深度、开坑尺寸、偏转角等参数,实验结果与模拟结果吻合较好。研究结果表明:倾角对开坑深度和开坑形状影响很大;倾角越大,对侵彻深度和偏转角的影响越明显,弹体偏转角随着速度的增大呈现减小的趋势;当倾角增至一定角度后发生跳弹现象,据此得到跳弹极限角与倾角、侵彻速度的关系。     

撞击姿态对构型弹体非正侵彻多层间隔钢靶弹道特性的影响规律

为深入认识构型弹体非正侵彻多层间隔靶板的弹道偏转规律,结合数值模拟和理论分析,研究了构型弹体在不同撞击姿态下侵彻多层间隔钢靶的弹道特性,其中引入弹体侧向接触力和侧向偏转力矩等参量,着重分析撞击着角和攻角对弹道特性的影响规律。结果表明：构型弹体非正侵彻过程中,在纵向发生阶梯式速度衰减,但变化较小;同时,由于穿靶过程中受到侧向接触力及其偏转力矩的作用,在侧向产生显著弹道偏转。撞击着角决定弹体所受外载荷的非对称程度,着角越大,弹体偏转越严重;撞击攻角则主要影响弹肩穿靶时的径向速度和弹尾穿靶时的触靶位置,二者共同影响弹道轨迹,因而存在使弹体偏转程度发生转折的临界攻角。相比于侵彻单层靶,构型弹体非正侵彻多层间隔靶板的显著特点为弹道偏转存在累积效应,且侵彻前一靶板的弹道偏转情况显著影响到侵彻后一靶板时的弹靶作用特征,进而导致弹道偏转与弹靶接触力互相耦合。相关研究对预测构型弹体侵彻多层间隔靶板性能、优化弹体构型和撞击姿态等具有较好的指导价值。     

小攻角条件下动能弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶的弹体弯曲

将高速侵彻混凝土靶板的弹体简化为自由梁,应用弹体侵彻阻力和梁动态弯曲内力分析了由小攻 角产生的横向载荷导致的弹体弯曲。结果表明,弹体理论弯曲条件受弹体着靶前状态、弹体结构和材料控制。 理论计算证实弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶板时由于小攻角的存在会发生弹体弯曲变形,弹体侵彻实验结果表明 弹体弯曲位置和弯曲条件与理论分析结果相符。     

弹体侵彻厚混凝土靶迎弹面成坑效应

为研究弹体侵彻厚混凝土靶的迎弹面成坑效应,总结了侵彻实验中的成坑现象,分析了经验公式对成坑深度、成坑直径和成坑角等成坑效应的预测效果;考虑了撞击速度、靶板强度、配筋以及弹体直径和质量等因素的影响,采用量纲分析方法建立了新型成坑效应计算公式及成坑阶段耗能计算公式;基于新型成坑效应计算公式,对成坑效应的影响因素和成坑耗能进行了参数化分析。结果表明:无量纲成坑深度受靶板强度、配筋率和弹体质量的影响较大;对于钢筋混凝土,成坑深度随撞击速度提升呈先增大后减小再增大的变化规律;在常见的侵彻速度和质量范围内,成坑角为15°～24°,质量对成坑角影响较小;迎弹面成坑耗能占弹体总动能的10%～25%,且配筋率和靶板强度对成坑耗能比例的影响较小;弹体质量越小,成坑阶段耗能占比越大。新型成坑效应计算公式对成坑深度、直径和角度的计算结果与实验数据吻合较好,可为侵彻弹体设计和工程防护提供参考。     

球头弹体侵彻舰船板架加强筋时的攻角变化简化理论模型

舰船板架结构加强筋对于弹体侵彻着角与攻角变化有较大影响,而目前对此尚无理论模型。本文开展板架加强筋对弹体攻角变化的理论研究。针对刚性球头弹体侵彻舰船板架结构加强筋问题,将加强筋简化为刚塑性梁模型,建立了侵彻过程力学模型,给出了弹体剩余速度、着角和攻角变化的求解公式。公式表明弹体攻角与着角的变化与弹体初始速度、初始着角、初始攻角以及加强筋极限弯矩有关。通过编程求解理论公式,发现初始着角对于侵彻结束攻角和着角变化的影响大于初始攻角;初始着角超过某一值后,攻角改变会急剧增大,而当初始着角超过另一极限值后会发生弹体跳飞;初始速度越高,弹体侵彻结束后着角和攻角变化越小;加强筋的极限弯矩对弹体攻角改变有较大影响。     

弹体正侵彻混凝土靶动态开坑作用过程

为了进一步研究弹体侵彻混凝土靶的开坑作用过程,基于开坑破坏过程分析对开坑阶段进行划分,结合弹体头部形状函数、Z模型流线场分布以及法向膨胀理论,建立考虑混凝土飞溅过程影响的开坑阻力计算模型,并运用文献中试验数据验证模型的可靠性。在此基础上,进一步分析了典型弹靶参数对弹体侵彻混凝土靶动态开坑作用过程的影响规律。研究结果表明：弹体开坑飞溅区范围随弹体头部形状系数和混凝土强度的增大而减小;飞溅区范围达到稳定的时间和动态开坑作用时间随初速和混凝土强度的增大而缩短,随弹体头部形状系数的增大而增大;相较于弹体头部形状系数和混凝土强度,初始撞击速度对动态开坑作用过程的影响更显著。     

杆弹侵彻钢纤维混凝土实验研究

采用DOP实验方法,进行了35CrMnSiA杆弹对不同钢纤维体积含量的钢纤维混凝土的侵彻实验.分别研究了杆弹着速和钢纤维体积含量对钢纤维混凝土杭侵彻性能的影响.实验表明,随着弹速增加,不同钢纤维含量的钢纤维混凝土侵彻深度都会增加,但钢纤维混凝土中弹体便深增加较素混凝土缓慢;而钢纤维能增强混凝土的抗侵彻性能,且随钢纤维体...     

间隔靶对射流侵彻影响的数值模拟和实验研究

对某聚能装药射流侵彻靶板的过程进行了数值模拟 ,得出其碰撞点附近应力分布与传统理论相符 ,侵彻深度与实验结果及工程计算结果基本相符 ;分别对该聚能装药侵彻连续靶和间隔靶的过程进行了数值模拟 ,数值模拟结果显示间隔靶的侵彻深度明显低于连续靶的侵彻深度 ,这说明侵彻开坑阶段的能耗侵深比远大于准定常阶段。为了验证间隔靶对射流侵彻的影响 ,用另一聚能装药分别对连续靶和间隔靶进行了侵彻实验 ,并排除了炸高的影响。实验结果也表明 ,间隔靶对射流侵彻的确存在着不利影响。还结合数值模拟及实验结果对传统的侵彻公式进行了修正。     

椭圆截面弹体斜侵彻金属靶体弹道研究

为研究椭圆截面弹体对半无限金属靶体的侵彻弹道规律,基于14.5 mm弹道枪平台,开展了椭圆截面弹体在0°～20°倾角、850～950 m/s撞击速度下对2A12铝合金的斜侵彻试验。基于空腔膨胀理论及局部相互作用模型,建立了椭圆截面弹体侵彻弹道模型,并结合试验数据验证了模型的准确性。在此基础上,进一步分析了椭圆截面弹体长短轴之比、绕弹轴旋转角度、弹体撞击速度对侵彻弹道的影响规律。弹体长短轴之比为1.0时,弹体退化为尖卵形圆截面弹体,且椭圆截面弹体侵彻弹道稳定性随长短轴之比的增大而变弱,最优长短轴之比为1.0,即尖卵形圆截面弹体。椭圆截面弹体绕弹轴旋转一定角度后,侵彻弹道在平面曲线与空间曲线之间变化,当旋转角度为0°、90°时,侵彻弹道为二维平面弹道,当旋转角度在0°～90°之间时,侵彻弹道为三维空间弹道。当弹体撞击速度由800 m/s提升至1000 m/s时,椭圆截面弹体姿态角增量由18.6°降至17.8°。     

钻地弹侵彻混凝土靶过程中弹体温度的变化

建立了弹丸侵彻混凝土目标靶时弹体温度变化计算模型,并结合某实验弹体结构,对钻地弹侵彻过程弹体温度的变化进行了计算,分析了弹丸头部形状及着靶速度对弹内装药安全性的影响,研究结果可为钻地弹弹体设计及装药安全性的研究提供参考。 更多还原     

Real-time numerical calculation for penetration depth of projectiles into concrete targets

Based on the acceleration data measured by penetration experiments with ogive-nose projectiles into semi-infinite concrete targets, a fuzzy method which can calculate the real-time penetration depth was developed. In the proposed method, the whole process of penetration was divided into three stages according to the instantaneous velocity, and each stage was described by different models. By judging the calculation error, threshold velocities between stages were automatically determined. Meanwhile, the striking velocity of the penetration process was calculated using the acceleration in whole trajectory. The calculated values by model are in reasonably good agreement with the measured data from experiments.     

新型头形弹体对混凝土的侵彻

针对几种典型的新型头形弹体开展了对抗压强度为9.0、28.4MPa的混凝土靶的侵彻实验,通过观测回收弹体和解剖靶体,初步认识了新型头形弹体侵彻混凝土介质的侵彻机理。在此基础上,提出了混凝土强度弱化量纲一因子S2和头部小圆柱侵彻开孔半径bt,并基于空腔膨胀理论初步建立了新型头形弹体侵彻混凝土介质的理论分析模型。结果表明,对28.4MPa混凝土,理论预测结果与实验数据具有较好的一致性;对9.0MPa混凝土,理论预测结果与实验数据具有一定偏差,但仍可基本反映新型头形弹体的侵彻规律。最后分析了提高新型头形弹体侵彻性能的2个途径:减小S2和增大bt。     

Analysis of penetration of axisymmetric projectiles into semi-infinite targets

The process of penetration of a projectile into a semi-infinitetarget is studied in this paper. Using certain assumptions, the propagation of plastic wave in the target is analyzed and the pressure on the surface of penetrator is given. The results calculated from the formulas of this paper agree well with experimental data and numerical results.     

A spherical cavity expansion model for penetration of ogival-nosed projectiles into concrete targets with shear-dilatancy

A dynamic spherical cavity-expansion penetration model is suggested herein to predict the penetration and perforation of concrete targets struck normally by ogivalnosed projectiles.Shear dilatancy as well as compressibility of the material in comminuted region are considered in the paper by introducing a dilatant-kinematic relation.A procedure is first presented to compute the radial stress at the cavity surface and then a numerical method is used to calculate the results of penetration and perforation with friction being taken into account.The influences of various target parameters such as shear strength,bulk modulus,density,Poisson’s ratio and tensile strength on the depth of penetration are delineated.It is shown that the model predictions are in good agreement with available experimental data.It is also shown that the shear strength plays a dominant role in the target resistance to penetration.     

混凝土薄板的侵彻破坏响应实验

通过实验研究了混凝土薄板的侵彻响应,讨论了混凝土侵彻问题研究的理论模型和数值模型应注 意的几个问题。实验研究中,采用应变片、加速度计和高速摄影测试和记录了侵彻过程中混凝土薄板的力学 响应过程。实验结果表明,边界不仅是应力波反射的主要影响因素,而且还是结构整体冲击响应和破坏的主 要因素。通过综合分析实验数据,建立了混凝土薄板侵彻分析的三阶段力学模型:侵彻初期必须计及应力波 的影响,随着侵彻的深入,应力波的作用逐渐减弱直至消失,碎块的惯性运动逐渐加强,后期主要是残块在惯 性作用下的运动。     

Experiments on the penetration of thin long-rod projectiles into thick long-cylindrical borosilicate targets under pressure-free polycarbonate,aluminum and steel confinements

It is well established that confinement pressure inhibits comminution and fragment-flow during projectile penetration of ceramics. Here, a high-pressure gas gun is used to investigate the role of confinement wave impedance on the failure kinetics of ceramics during penetration. Tool-steel rods of fixed lengths and L/D ratios of 12, 16 and 24 impact and penetrate unconfined borosilicate cylinders and those under pressure-free polycarbonate, aluminum and steel confinements. The cylinders are all of the same size with projectile–target diameter ratios lying between 12 and 24, and projectile–target length ratio equal to 8. A stress wave controlling confinement is introduced to approximate an elastic waveguide set-up. Penetration depths into the comminuted borosilicate and the corresponding fragment jet diameters are measured between 168 and 1038 m/s impact velocities with high-speed photography and a witness plate. Expectedly, target resistive pressure increases with confinement impedance but decreases with projectile diameter. However, cylinders confined by steel are less resistive to penetration than those confined by aluminum. This anomalous behavior suggests that comminution increases with dynamic compression and it may be related to densification and the failure wave which occur in silica glasses above certain critical pressures. On this basis, comminution threshold conditions are determined and found to depend strongly on the propagation of stress waves across the target–confinement interface. These results are useful for material selection of impact/penetration-resistant structures with ceramic cores.     

考虑刚性弹弹头形状的混凝土(岩石)靶体侵彻深度半理论分析

基于动力球型空腔膨胀理论和冲击成坑+钻孔区两阶段侵彻模型,以截卵形弹头弹体为例,运 用曲面积分,引入表征弹头形状和弹靶摩擦效应的量纲一系数、质量比和冲击因子,提出了综合考虑弹头形状 变化、成坑区深度、弹靶摩擦阻力的混凝土和岩石靶体的刚性弹垂直侵彻深度的计算公式。该公式在相关参 数取特殊值时,可退化为经典的侵彻深度计算公式。通过与8组不同弹头形状弹体冲击混凝土和岩石靶体的 侵彻实验数据、已有10个(半)经验公式计算结果对比,验证了本文公式的适用性。并结合实验和参数影响分 析,给出了混凝土和岩石靶体的弹靶摩擦系数和与冲击因子相关的不同弹头形状弹体成坑系数的建议值。     

Numerical study on the resistance of rigid projectiles penetrating into semi-infinite concrete targets

A study on the resistance of rigid projectiles penetrating into semi-infinite concrete targets is performed in this paper. Experimental data are analyzed to examine the penetration resistance during various stages of the penetration process. A numerical tool using AUTODYN hydrocode is applied in the study. The numerical results on both deceleration-time history and depth of penetration of projectiles are in good agreement with experimental data, which demonstrate the feasibility of the numerical model in these conditions. Based on the numerical model with a two-staged pre-drilled hole, the rigid projectile penetration in tunneling stage is studied for concrete targets with different strengths in a wide range of impact velocities. The results show that the penetration in tunnel stage can be divided into two different cases in terms of initial impact velocity. In the first case, when the impact velocity is approximately less than 600 m/s, the deceleration depends on initial impact velocity. In the second case, when the impact velocity is greater than 600 m/s, the effect of target inertia becomes apparent, which agrees with commonly used concrete penetration resistance equations based on cavity expansion model.

Graphic abstract

A two-staged pre-drilled hole model was developed and the results show that the depth of entrance stage tends to decrease with the increase of impact velocity. The influence of the inertial term at low velocity range (approximately close to 600 m/s) is inconspicuous. With further increase of the penetration velocity, the effect of the target inertia becomes apparent as proposed by Forrestal. The effect of mass abrasion of projectiles, entrance phase and strain effect of concrete materials on the tendency of deceleration was clarified.

     

弹体高速侵彻混凝土的效应实验

利用高速侵彻设备进行了不同条件下弹体高速侵彻混凝土系列实验,探讨了高速撞击条件下弹体 侵彻能力、弹体侵彻稳定性、弹体变形和破坏等问题,揭示了混凝土中半流体侵彻阶段的典型特征:刚体侵彻 深度上限和对应的刚体侵彻初速上限、弹道弯曲、弹体严重侵蚀且伴随弯曲/断裂等。