碳氢化合物/HFC227ea二元系的PVTx实验研究

对定容式 ＰＶＴｘ实验装置的恒温、测温和测压系统进行了改进，温度和压力基本测量精度提高到±５ｍＫ和±０．４ ｋＰａ．对 ＨＣ１２７０／ＨＦＣ２２７ｅａ、ＨＣ２９０／ＨＦＣ２２７ｅａ和 ＨＣ１７０／ＨＦＣ２２７ｅａ二元物系进行了 ＰＶＴｘ实验研究．     

球共鸣声学法气体音速的测量原理及实验系统研究

本文阐述了通过音频信号共振频率测量气体音速的原理。同时还分析了实际的球共鸣器的结构对共振频率的影响并给予了相应的修正。据此设计和制作了一套高精度的球共鸣器和低频音频信号测量装置,建立了一套球共鸣声学法测量气体音速的实验系统。本文实验中研究温度、压力、气体音速测量的不准确度分别为±14mK、±2.0kPa和±0.0037％。通过对制冷剂R22饱和蒸气压和氩气低压下音速的测量验证了本实验系统的稳定性和精确性。     

1,1,1,2,3,3,3─七氟丙烷的气相声速

分析了气相声速与理想气体比定压热容的热力学关系,用超声变程干涉仪测定了１,１,１,２,３,３,３－七氟丙烷（ＨＦＣ－２２７ｅａ）的 ７２组气相声速值,温度范围 ２７３－３３３ Ｋ,压力范围 ２６－３１５ ｋＰａ,测量不确定度小于 ０．０５％。根据这些实验数据,确定了ＨＦＣ－２２７ｅａ的理想气体比定压热容和声速第二维里系数,并分别拟合得到了与温度的函数,理想气体比定压热容的不确定度小于 ０．５％．使用方阱势能模型导出了 ＨＦＣ－２２７ｅａ的第二维里系数,并与文献值进行了比较。     

用稀土铕离子的激发光谱测量温度

从理论上探讨了利用稀土离子的激发光谱来测量温度的可能性，并从实验上给予了验证。以ＥｕＣｌ３·６Ｈ２Ｏ粉末作为样品，选择Ｅｕ３＋离子７Ｆ１→５Ｄ０的磁偶极跃迁，由其激发光谱测量了样品的温度。在低于２９０Ｋ时，测量误差小于０．６％。用现有的实验系统和样品，可以准确地测量４０Ｋ至３３０Ｋ的温度。文中对进一步提高测量精度和扩大可测温度范围的途径作了讨论。     

炸药爆温的光纤测温法测量

本文阐述了光纤测温技术依据的原理，给出了多通道瞬时光纤测温装置的构成利用该装置对液体炸药硝基甲烷的实际爆轰温度及其光谱发射率进行了实验测量，结果分别为３７００±１００（Ｋ）和０７１±０１５     

HFC-134a声速与理想气体比热的试验研究

一、前言 国外测量理想气体比热起步早,从二、三十年代的光谱法到八十年代的声学法,测量精度已达到了相当准确的程度。美国标准技术研究所(NIST)热物理分部的Moldover等人使用球形谐振器测量声速重复率达几个ppm,由此确定的理想气体比热不确定度为±0.1％,甚至更好。此前,关于HFC-134a的气相声速与理想气体比热,只有Moldover     

五氧硼酸钾结构的~1H NMR研究

给出相对于外磁场不同取向的五氧硼酸钾（ＫＢ５）单晶的１ＨＮＭＲ室温谱．发现当外磁场在晶体的ｂｃ平面里，１ＨＮＭＲ谱最多有６个峰．而在ａｈ或ａｃ平面里，最多仅有５个峰．用计算机拟合ＮＭＲ谱表明：在五氧硼酸钾中，氢原子是以羟基和水分子集团的形式存在．在羟基集团中，Ｏ—Ｈ的距离为０．１００５±０．００１ｎｍ和０．１０５４±０．００１ｎｍ；而在水分子中，Ｏ—Ｈ的距离为０．０９８３±０．００１ｎｍ和０．０９６８±０．００１ｎｍ，并且Ｈ—Ｏ—Ｈ夹角为１０８°±１°．这些显示本文的数据与中子衍射结果相近，而Ｘ射线衍射所得到的质子位置的数据则与我们的结果相距甚远．     

“天光”一号MOPA系统光学元件加工与镀膜的进展

本文阐述了在中国原子能科学研究院“天光一号”ＫｒＦ激光核聚变实验装置上，ＭＯＰＡ系统光学元件加工与镀膜研究工作的进展。实验测量结果表明，加工后的基片表面均方根粗糙度对于Ｋ９光学玻璃与熔融石英玻璃来说分别为σｒｍｓ＝１．８±０．５ｎｍ，σｒｍｓ＝２．０±０．４ｎｍ。镀ＨｆＯ２／ＳｉＯ２高反射膜的光学元件的反射率与破坏阈值分别为Ｒ＞９９．５％，Ｅｔｈ＝１．３０～１．３３Ｊ／ｃｍ２。镀Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＭｇＦ２增透膜的光学元件的透射率与破坏阈值分别为Ｔ＞９９．５％，Ｅｔｈ＝１．３～１．９７Ｊ／ｃｍ２。     

振动盘式粘度计及R403B和R413A气相粘度的实验测量

建立了国内第一台振动盘式粘度计测量气体的粘度，扭丝采用钛镍合金丝．得到了测量的工作方程．在利用测量的ＨＣＦＣ２２的气相粘度进行校核的基础上测量了Ｒ４０３Ｂ在温度３０３－３６３Ｋ，压力０．１～２．１４ＭＰａ 内的气相粘度，及Ｒ４１３Ａ在温度３０５～３６３Ｋ，压力０．１～１．８２ ＭＰａ 内的气相粘度，并回归了其粘度计算方程．     

一种新型铂电阻温度计及其性能研究

中国计量科学研究院同云南仪表厂合作研制一种新型的套管铂电阻温度计，并对其作为较为详细的实验研究，研究结果如下：在水三相点，温度计的稳定性优于±０．３ｍＫ，在一周之内，复现性优于±０．１ｍＫ，１ｍＡ测量电流下自热不超过１ｍＫ，温度计在４．２Ｋ温度下的电阻比Ｗ小于５．９×１０＾－４，其标准偏差的绝对值不大于３×１０＾－８；而非一致性在８３Ｋ以上稍大，而在１７Ｋ－８３Ｋ间小于０．４ｍＫ，在其余温度范围均     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.