基于热、光以及电化学过程的无过渡金属碳-氢键硫氰化和硒氰化反应（英文）

硫氰基和硒氰基均在有机合成中具有广泛应用的重要官能团.这类结构也经常出现在具有生物药物活性、光学活性以及催化功能的分子中.因此,发展可用于合成具有结构多样性的有机硫氰化和硒氰化物及相关串联转化合成多样性杂环分子的方法持续吸引着研究者的兴趣,总结了无过渡金属条件下的碳-氢键的硫氰化和硒氰化反应合成有机硫氰化物和硒氰化物以及相关串联环化反应的研究进展.     

手性膦催化Morita-Baylis-Hillman碳酸酯与偶氮次甲基亚胺的不对称[3+3]环加成反应

<正>J.Am.Chem.Soc.2015,137,4316~4319发展杂环化合物的高效合成方法对药物分子、天然产物及其它功能有机分子的合成具有重要意义.近年来,有机膦催化的环加成反应成为构建杂环化合物的重要工具之一.通过有机膦催化,各国研究者相继完成了多种形式的环加成反应,但有机膦催化的不对称[3+3]环加成反应却一直未被实现.直到最近,中国农业大学应用化学系郭红     

氮杂环卡宾与过渡金属共催化反应研究进展

近年来,氮杂环卡宾作为有机小分子催化剂在共催化领域取得了飞速发展,氮杂环卡宾通过与Lewis酸、Brønsted酸、Brønsted碱、氢键等不同催化模式相结合,可以有效提升惰性底物的活性和催化体系的立体控制能力,该策略已经成为复杂手性分子骨架合成的重要工具.相对而言,由于氮杂环卡宾与过渡金属的强配位能力,其与过渡金属共催化反应依旧是氮杂环卡宾在共催化领域中长期存在的挑战性工作.目前,氮杂环卡宾在与钯、铜和钌的共催化反应中取得了重要进展,通过配体和反应体系中碱性强弱的调控,可以有效实现氮杂环卡宾与过渡金属配位的可控调节,避免催化剂失活的同时提升反应体系催化活性.这一策略已经被成功用于一些活性分子骨架构建.本文将对该领域中的研究进展进行介绍.     

中性π-杂环自由基的合成与电磁性能研究

中性π-杂环自由基是一类非常重要的稳定自由基化合物。作为自旋极化的有机共轭分子,近几年来一些中性π-杂环自由基在有机导体、磁体研究方面受到很多关注,包括1,2,3,5-二噻(硒)二唑类自由基、1,3,2-二噻唑类自由基、1,2,3-二噻(硒)唑类自由基、1,2,4,6-噻(硒)三嗪类自由基和1,2,4-噻二嗪类自由基等。本文拟对一些典型杂环自由基的合成、结构等方面,特别是对其在分子导体、磁体及自旋电子材料的研究方面进行介绍。     

自由基介导含氟杂环化合物的构建研究

含氟杂环化合物由于其优异的物理化学性质,在有机化学、药物化学、材料科学等诸多领域扮演着重要的角色.但自然界中,天然含氟杂环化合物屈指可数,开发高效的含氟杂环化合物的合成方法显得尤为重要.随着过渡金属催化、光催化以及电催化自由基反应的迅速发展,自由基化学在合成领域取得了突破性进展,激发了有机化学家利用自由基化学构建含氟杂环的兴趣.主要以不饱和烃的单氟烷基化、二氟烷基化、三氟甲基化、三氟烷氧/硫/硒基化、全氟烷基化以及杂环的直接C—H氟烷基化进行分类,从过渡金属催化、光催化以及电催化等几个方面,对自由基介导的含氟侧链杂环化合物的构建进行讨论.     

无过渡金属催化的咪唑并杂环C—H键的C—杂原子化的研究进展（英文）

通过无过渡金属催化的C—H官能团化反应构筑C—杂原子键的研究发展迅速,已经成为一种合成高度官能团化天然产物或生理活性分子的绿色、高效的合成策略,包括氨基化、烷氧基化、巯基化、硒基化、卤化化合物等.特别是,咪唑并杂环的C—杂原子化反应被视为最重要的一类反应,因为向杂环分子中引入杂原子基团可以产生一类新的生物活性化合物.重点介绍了近几年无过渡金属催化的在咪唑并杂环上形成C—杂原子键的研究进展,进一步阐述该类反应的机理.     

分子碘催化的有机反应研究进展

综述了近几年来分子碘作为催化剂在有机合成中的应用研究. 碘催化的有机反应主要涉及引入保护基团的反应、去保护基团的反应、碳-碳键的形成反应以及杂环化合物的反应等.     

氮杂环卡宾催化合成氰基化合物的研究进展

氰基化合物不仅广泛存在于医药和农药分子中,还是一类重要的中间体.传统合成氰基化合物的方法是使用氰化钠、氰化钾和氢氰酸等最简单的氰化试剂,但这类氰化试剂的剧毒性和不稳定性限制了其在合成中的应用.因此发展有机氰化试剂和无氰源试剂构建氰基化合物的策略备受关注.氮杂环卡宾是一类高效的有机小分子催化剂,可用于实现多种碳-碳(C—C)和碳-杂(C—X)键的形成.综述了氮杂环卡宾催化有机氰化试剂和无氰源试剂构建氰基化合物的反应,目的是引起更多的化学工作者关注该领域的发展,并提供氮杂环卡宾催化活化模式的新思路.     

钯催化异腈参与的反应研究进展

异腈常作为有机合成反应中一类重要的活泼合成子,可用于高效合成天然产物、药物分子以及具有潜在生物活性的含氮分子或杂环化合物.近几年,钯催化异腈参与的各类反应,特别是异腈插入反应已被广泛关注、研究以及应用,具有极其重要的实际意义.本文将根据不同反应类型介绍近几年有关钯催化异腈参与反应的最新研究进展.     

氮杂环卡宾催化有机反应的研究进展

自从1991年Arduengo第一次分离得到稳定的游离N-杂环卡宾以来,其作为一种高效的有机催化剂得到了迅速的发展.由于N-杂环卡宾的极性反转特性,它在有机合成中构建复杂分子的地位举足轻重.一些特定的路易斯碱及氧化剂可诱导卡宾与羰基化合物形成Breslow中间体、烯醇化合物和高烯醇化合物,这些中间体极大地拓展了卡宾的应用范围.综述了近几年N-杂环卡宾在催化有机反应中的研究进展,如催化安息香缩合反应、Stetter反应、a~3-d~3极性反转反应、环合反应和氟化反应等.     

Assembly of Organic Molecules on Solid Surface-A STM Study

Since the adsorbed organic molecules layers play a key role in the phenomena of lubrication, catalysis on surface, and construction of molecular devices, it is therefore keen to understand the structure and properties of the assembled organic molecules on surfaces.     

Metal-Metal Cooperation in Dinucleating Complexes Involving Late Transition Metals Directed towards Organic Catalysis

Cooperatively bimetallic organic catalysis,coupling actions of two metal centers in a catalytic organic transformation via co-activation of a single molecule or synergistic activation of two molecules,has witnessed rapid development in the last decades.     

Chemical Synthesis of Complex Molecules Using Nanoparticle Catalysis

Nanoparticle catalysis has emerged as an active topic in organic synthesis. Of particular interest is the development of enabling methodologies to efficiently assemble complex molecules using nanoparticle catalysis. This Viewpoint highlights recent developments and discusses future perspectives in this emerging field.     

A Green and Wide-Scope Approach for Chiroptical Sensing of Organic Molecules through Biomimetic Recognition in Water

Optical chirality sensing has attracted a lot of interest due to its potential in high-throughput screening in chirality analysis. A molecular sensor is required to convert the chirality of analytes into optical signals. Although many molecular sensors have been reported, sensors with wide substrate scope remain to be developed. Herein, we report that the amide naphthotube-based chirality sensors have an unprecedented wide scope for chiroptical sensing of organic molecules. The substrates include, but are not limited to common organic products in asymmetric catalysis, chiral molecules with inert groups or remote functional groups from their chiral centers, natural products and their derivatives, and chiral drugs. The effective chirality sensing is based on biomimetic recognition in water and on effective chirality transfer through guest-induced formation of a chiral conformation of the sensors. Furthermore, the sensors can be used in real-time monitoring on reaction kinetics in water and in determining absolute configurations and ee values of the products in asymmetric catalysis.     

Palladium oxidase catalysis: selective oxidation of organic chemicals by direct dioxygen-coupled turnover

Selective aerobic oxidation of organic molecules is a fundamental and practical challenge in modern chemistry. Effective solutions to this problem must overcome the intrinsic reactivity and selectivity challenges posed by the chemistry of molecular oxygen, and they must find application in diverse classes of oxidation reactions. Palladium oxidase catalysis combines the versatility of Pd(II)-mediated oxidation of organic substrates with dioxygen-coupled oxidation of the reduced palladium catalyst to enable a broad range of selective aerobic oxidation reactions. Recent developments revealed that cocatalysts (e.g. Cu(II), polyoxometalates, and benzoquinone) are not essential for efficient oxidation of Pd(0) by molecular oxygen. Oxidatively stable ligands play an important role in these reactions by minimizing catalyst decomposition, promoting the direct reaction between palladium and dioxygen, modulating organic substrate reactivity and permitting asymmetric catalysis.     

Leveraging Metal and Ligand Reactive Sites for One Pot Reactions: Ligand-Centered Borenium Ions for Tandem Catalysis with Palladium

Tandem catalysts that perform two different organic transformations in a single pot are highly desirable because they enable rapid and efficient assembly of simple organic building blocks into more complex molecules. Many examples of tandem catalysis rely on metal-catalyzed reactions involving one or more metal complexes. Remarkably, despite surging interest in the development of chemically reactive (i. e., non-innocent) ligands, there are few examples of metal complexes that leverage ligand-centered reactivity to perform catalytic reactions in tandem with separate catalytic reactions at the metal. Here we report how multifunctional Pd complexes with triaminoborane-derived diphosphorus ligands, called TBDPhos, appear to facilitate borenium-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions at the ligand, and Pd-catalyzed Stille and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions at the metal. Both transformations can be accessed in one pot to afford rare examples of tandem catalysis using separate metal and ligand catalysis sites in a single complex.     

可见光诱导烷基羧酸及其衍生物的脱羧偶联反应研究进展

烷基羧酸广泛存在于自然界之中,科研工作者一直致力于开发以来源丰富的烷基羧酸及其衍生物作为起始原料的反应.烷基羧酸及其衍生物在可见光氧化还原作用下可以高效地生成烷基自由基,从而在温和条件下用于构筑各类化学键.以可见光催化烷基羧酸及其衍生物的脱羧自由基反应类型为线索,系统地综述了近年来在可见光条件下烷基羧酸及其衍生物的脱羧官能团化反应研究进展.     

Access to Cyclic β‐Amino Acids by Amine‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Addition of the γ‐Carbon Atoms of α,β‐Unsaturated Imines to Enals

Disclosed herein is a new catalytic approach for an efficient access to cyclic β‐amino acids widely found in bioactive small molecules and peptidic foldamers. Our method involves addition of the remote γ‐carbon atoms of α,β‐unsaturated imines to enals by iminium organic catalysis. This highly chemo‐ and stereo‐selective reaction affords cyclic β‐amino aldehydes that can be converted to amino acids bearing quaternary stereocenters with exceptional optical purities. Our study demonstrates the unique power of organic catalytic remote carbon reactions in rapid synthesis of functional molecules.     

Spectroscopic diagnostics of organic chemistry in the protostellar environment

A combination of astronomical observations, laboratory studies, and theoretical modelling is necessary to determine the organic chemistry of dense molecular clouds. We present spectroscopic evidence for the composition and evolution of organic molecules in protostellar environments. The principal reaction pathways to complex molecule formation by catalysis on dust grains and by reactions in the interstellar gas are described. Protostellar cores, where warming of dust has induced evaporation of icy grain mantles, are excellent sites in which to study the interaction between gas phase and grain-surface chemistries. We investigate the link between organics that are observed as direct products of grain surface reactions and those which are formed by secondary gas phase reactions of evaporated surface products. Theory predicts observable correlations between specific interstellar molecules, and also which new organics are viable for detection. We discuss recent infrared observations obtained with the Infrared Space Observatory, laboratory studies of organic molecules, theories of molecule formation, and summarise recent radioastronomical searches for various complex molecules such as ethers, azaheterocyclic compounds, and amino acids.