过渡金属催化1,2,4-三唑衍生物的合成研究进展

1,2,4-三唑衍生物在医药、农药、功能性材料等多领域应用广泛,该类化合物的合成也成为当前的热点之一,尤其是过渡金属催化1,2,4-三唑的合成具有简单、直接、高效等优点,近年来发展迅速.本文针对当前报道较多的几种过渡金属催化1,2,4-三唑合成新方法的研究进展进行了简要介绍.     

酞菁亚铁/亚碘酰苯催化3-(1′,3′-二氧戊环)-5(10),9(11)-雌甾二烯-17-α-(1-丙炔)-17-β-醇的选择环氧化

目前, 对酞菁过渡金属配合物的研究已引起人们广泛的重视. 酞菁过渡金属催化烯烃的环氧化反应, 可以看作是对自然界生物体内许多酶催化氧化反应的模拟[1]. 其反应条件温和, 环氧化产物具有较高的区域选择性和立体选择性, 可应用于合成特定构型的环氧化物, 特别是用于合成药物中间体.     

光催化烯烃α-酰化反应

烯烃酰化反应被广泛用于制备结构丰富且高附加值的酮、醛、羧酸及其衍生物.多组分串联N-杂环卡宾催化和过渡金属催化的烯烃α-酰化反应具有高效、高选择性的优点,然而受限的反应模式和底物范围限制了反应的发展.光催化烯烃α-酰化反应突破了这一限制,具有更丰富、更广泛的底物适用范围.以研究策略为线索,对这一快速的研究进展进行了总结和展望.     

2-取代苯并噁唑类化合物合成研究进展

2-取代苯并噁唑类化合物在医药、农药以及配位催化等领域有广阔的应用前景,因而其合成方法备受关注.近年来,微波促进、水为介质、无溶剂合成、组合化学以及过渡金属催化等一系列高效、绿色的合成方法在2-取代苯并噁唑类化合物的合成中得到广泛的应用.按照不同的合成原料和合成方法进行分类,综述了近年来2-取代苯并噁唑类化合物合成研究的新进展.     

过渡金属催化的不对称芳基-芳基偶联反应：轴手性联芳基化合物的合成研究进展

轴手性联芳基化合物广泛应用于材料、染料、医药、不对称催化等诸多领域,是一类重要的化合物。过渡金属催化的不对称偶联反应作为经典的合成方法一直是合成化学家关注的对象。本文介绍了过渡金属催化的芳基-芳基偶联反应在轴手性联芳类化合物的立体选择性合成方面的进展。      

过渡金属催化不饱和烃与有机金属试剂及CO2的串联羧化反应研究进展

二氧化碳(CO2)作为一碳合成子具有储量丰富、无毒无污染、绿色清洁等优点,因此在有机化学领域使用CO2作为一碳合成子反应一直以来受到广泛的关注.过渡金属催化不饱和烃与CO2反应合成羧酸是CO2作为一碳合成子的重要应用之一,这类反应可以通过串联羧化的策略实现,过渡金属催化不饱和烃先与有机金属试剂反应在原位生成新的有机金属...     

金属钯催化的吡咯分子间不对称烯丙基去芳构化反应

正手性2H-吡咯类化合物是有机合成中一类重要的合成中间体.通过催化不对称去芳构化反应,可以实现直接由吡咯类化合物来构建这类骨架.然而,目前文献上报道的对取代吡咯类化合物的直接催化去芳构化反应主要集中在过渡金属催化的不对称[4+3]环加成反应和氢化反应.由于反应过程中可能面临的化学选择性、区域选择性和对映选择性等挑战性问题,通过烷基化反应来实现吡咯环的分子间不对称去芳构化反应迄今还没有被报道.中国科学院上海有机化学研究所游书力课题组成功地通过使用烯丙基取代反应实现了取代吡咯的分子间催化不对称去芳构化.使用取代的吡咯化合物1和烯丙基碳酸酯2在金属钯和商业可得的手性配体(R)-segphos的作用下,可以以高达     

CuI催化吡咯酰胺化反应合成吡咯-1-酰胺化合物

吡咯衍生物具有良好的生物活性，是很多药物和天然产物分子的重要组成部分。此外，吡咯衍生物在抗菌、抗结核、抗病毒、抗疟疾以及抗癌等方面的应用也非常广泛。本文报道了温和条件下，Cu(I)催化吡咯与异氰酸酯N-甲酰胺化制备吡咯-1-酰胺化合物的反应，开发了一种简便的方法合成吡咯-1-酰胺化合物。该方法对多种异氰酸酯具有很好的适用性，均能以较高产率获得相应目标产物。与文献方法相比，本方法具有高效、操作简便、反应条件温和等优点。      

过渡金属催化硼-氢键活化合成含硼-杂原子键邻碳硼烷衍生物的研究进展

十二顶点碳硼烷是一类含有碳、氢及硼原子的簇合物,具有特殊的热稳定性和化学稳定性,在医药、材料、能源、配位化学及金属有机化学中都得到广泛的应用.近年来,过渡金属催化的碳硼烷直接硼-氢键活化发展迅速,为硼顶点选择性官能团化提供了一系列新的高效路径.总结了利用过渡金属催化硼-氢键活化策略来实现邻碳硼烷硼-硼、硼-氮、硼-氧、硼-硫及硼-卤键构建的研究进展,同时对部分反应机理进行了讨论,并就该研究领域所面临的挑战和发展前景进行了展望.     

β-酮砜的合成进展(2012-2022)

β-酮砜是一类重要的含硫化合物和有机合成中间体,广泛用于构建天然产物和各种重要的有机化合物.目前已开发了多种方法来合成目标化合物,并成功应用于一些有价值的合成转化.本文从过渡金属催化、非金属催化、光介导以及电催化4个方面重点概述了近十年来β-酮砜的合成进展.其中,以亚磺酸盐和磺酰肼等为砜基源的研究报导较多,构筑β-酮砜类化合物反应已经从传统的过渡金属催化发展到光或者电化学的催化合成.     

Cycloaddition Reactions and Dendritic Polymer Architectures – A Perfect Match

Summery: The potential of cycloaddition (CA) reactions for the synthesis of dendritic polymers is pointed out. The [4 + 2] Diels Alder cycloaddition as well as 1,3-dipolar CA reactions including “click chemistry” are addressed, and the advantages of these reactions like high selectivity, thus high tolerance towards additional functionalities, high yields and synthesis under mild reaction conditions are highlighted. New perfectly branched dendrimers as well as hyperbranched polymers have been prepared and modified using the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of azines with alkynes. The 1,3-dipolar CA reaction of bisazine with maleimides results in hyperbranched and thus, irregular and broadly distributed polymers though with a degree of branching of 100% due to special intermediate formation. The [4 + 2] Diels Alder cycloaddition was successfully applied for the synthesis of highly branched polyphenylene structures using the AB₂ + AB and the A₂ + B₃ approach. CA reactions are also very suitable for highly efficient polymer analogous reactions and thus, they can also be used to prepare complex polymer architectures like dendronized polymers.     

铱催化环加成反应的研究进展

过渡金属催化环加成反应是合成单环及多环化合物的重要方法,也是有机化学的研究热点之一.综述了近年来铱催化环加成反应的研究进展,主要包括了[2+2+1],[2+2+2],[4+2],1,3-偶极环加成反应等,及少量关于[3+2+2],[3+2],[5+1]环加成反应的报道,并讨论了部分铱催化环加成反应机理.     

Three-component cycloadditions: the first transition metal-catalyzed [5+2+1] cycloaddition reactions

Prompted by our studies of transition metal-catalyzed [4+4], [4+2], [5+2], and [6+2] cycloadditions and by the view that these two-component reactions could be intercepted by a third component of one or more atoms, a new three-component transition metal-catalyzed cycloaddition is described. This new [5+2+1] cycloaddition proceeds in good to excellent yield and with high or complete regioselectivity with a variety of carbonyl-substituted alkynes to give bicyclo[3.3.0]octenone adducts, resulting from transannular closure of the intermediate eight-membered-ring cycloadduct. Effects of concentration, temperature, pressure, and catalyst loading on the efficiency of the reaction are discussed. This process provides access to complex building blocks for synthesis based on simple, readily available components.     

The fascinating construction of pyridine ring systems by transition metal-catalysed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions

Cycloaddition reactions compose one of the most important classes of reactions when it comes to the simultaneous formation of several bonds in one reaction step. The de novo construction of carbocyclic aromatic systems from acetylenes was also found as an excellent possibility for the assembly of heteroaromatic systems. The transition metal-catalysed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction constitutes a fascinating tool for the synthesis of pyridines from nitriles and the most recent developments demonstrate the ability to control the substitution pattern as well as the possibility of introducing chirality by the use of achiral substrates and a chiral catalyst under mild conditions. In this tutorial review we are focusing on the de novo construction of pyridine ring systems by the transition metal-catalysed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. After surveying the mechanistic features and intermediates of the reaction depending on the different metal complexes used, we depict the preparation of achiral pyridine derivatives. The last section describes the advances in the synthesis of chiral pyridines and biaryls using the cyclotrimerization method. The various possibilities of introducing chirality by catalytic means are presented and illustrated by instructive examples. This review will be of interest for people active in: Organic Chemistry, Organometallic Chemistry, Transition Metal Chemistry, Stereoselective Synthesis, Heterocyclic Chemistry.     

三价磷介入的Kukhtin-Ramirez反应研究进展

Kukhtin-Ramirez反应是有机化学中一类重要的极性反转反应.利用三价磷的还原性对α-羰基酮化合物进行极性反转,所生成的Kukhtin-Ramirez活性中间体在诸多转化中都展现出了其作为1,1-偶极子的化学性质.近年来关于该活性中间体的反应研究主要包括:极性X—H键插入反应、还原性加成反应、形式[2+1]环加成反应、形式[4+1]环加成反应、形式[4+2]环加成反应.这些转化为一些重要的多官能团化合成中间体及结构复杂的环状化合物提供了高效简洁的合成方法,凸显了Kukhtin-Ramirez极性反转反应在有机合成中的重要性.     

Recent Advances in Amino Acid-Based Phosphine Catalysts and Their Applications in Asymmetric Reactions

Amino acid-based catalysts have been intensively researched in recent years. Amino acid-derived phosphines possess high nucleophilicity and exhibit unique catalytic activities in asymmetric synthesis. L-Threonine and valine are most utilized natural amino acids in the preparation of chiral phosphines. The efficient and versatile chiral phosphine catalysts are applied in a wide range of reactions such as MBH reaction, Rauhut–Currier reaction, Michael addition, [4 + 2]-annulation, [3 + 2]-annulation, 1,4-dipolar cycloaddition. They are also widely used in the construction of core structures of natural products. Amino acid-based phosphine catalysts and their applications in asymmetric synthesis are summarized.     

[8+3]‐Cycloaddition of Tropones with Azaoxyallyl Cations

Although azaoxyallyl cations are widely used as 1,3‐dipoles for various cycloaddition reactions leading to nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, their application in higher‐order cycloaddition reaction remains scarce. Herein, we present the [8+3]‐cycloaddition reaction of tropones with in situ generated azaoxyallyl cations allowing the one‐step construction of cycloheptatriene‐fused 1,4‐oxazinones in moderate to good yields. This base‐promoted new carbon‐oxygen and carbon‐nitrogen bond‐forming reaction takes place under mild conditions in the absence of transition metal catalysts.     

Tandem oxidative isocyanide-based cycloaddition reactions in the presence of MIL-101(Cr) as a reusable solid catalyst

The tandem oxidative three-component synthesis of two types of the heterocycles such as furans and imidazopyridines, via isocyanides [1+4] cycloaddition reactions in the presence of MIL-101(Cr) under aerobic conditions are reported. When the 4-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide was used, an unexpected [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of isocyanides with aldehydes accomplished and dihydrophenyloxazoles and phenyloxazoles produced. These syntheses were successfully carried out using a wide scope of the substrates.     

Dienophilic behavior of the vinylic (C=C) and the carbonyl (C=O) bonds of ketenes in reactions with 1,3-diazabuta-1,3-dienes

[reaction: see text] Ab initio and density functional studies (DFT) on cycloaddition reactions of 1,3-diazabuta-1,3-dienes with ketenes are reported. The vinylic (C=C) and the carbonyl (C=O) units of the ketenes are found to participate in concerted asynchronous [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions. The transition states (3t, 4t, and 7t) for these paths have been located on the PE surface at the correlated levels of ab initio calculations. A reasonable mechanism for the formation of [4 + 2] and [2 + 2] adducts is presented.     

[2+2] Cycloaddition of 1,3‐Dienes by Visible Light Photocatalysis

[2+2] Photocycloadditions of 1,3‐dienes represent a powerful yet synthetically underutilized class of reactions. We report that visible light absorbing transition metal complexes enable the [2+2] cycloaddition of a diverse range of 1,3‐dienes. The ability to use long‐wavelength visible light is attractive because these reaction conditions tolerate the presence of sensitive functional groups that might be readily decomposed by the high‐energy UVC radiation required for direct photoexcitation of 1,3‐dienes. The resulting vinylcyclobutane products are poised for a variety of further diversification reactions, and this method is consequently expected to be powerfully enabling in the synthesis of complex organic targets.