HPLC法测定盐酸洛美沙星滴眼液中的洛美沙星含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定盐酸洛美沙星滴眼液中的洛美沙星含量;用C18柱为分离柱,0．02mol／L磷酸溶液(用三乙胺调节pH值至2．6)-乙腈(体积比85：15)为流动相,检测波长287nm;洛美沙星进样量在0．48-0．72μg范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=O．9998),平均回收率100．4％,重复进样的RSD0．33％(n=6)。     

面制品添加剂偶氮甲酰胺热处理下转化为氨基脲的研究

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测氨基脲(SEM)的方法,并研究了偶氮甲酰胺(ADA)在热处理条件下转化为SEM的规律。该方法以2-硝基苯甲醛为衍生剂,衍生温度为37℃,萃取p H值为7.0。结果表明,SEM在0.5~100μg·L~(-1)质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)为0.999,检出限为0.4μg·L~(-1)。在10、20、40μg·L~(-1)加标水平下的回收率为99.6%~120%,相对标准偏差小于7.6%。实验发现ADA在热处理条件下会降解生成SEM,高温时ADA降解完全;且SEM的生成率随温度升高而增大,在200℃时生成率达到最高值0.094%,而当温度过高时,SEM会因分解导致生成率下降;烘烤时间过长时(30 min),SEM的生成率也会降低。     

盐酸环丙沙星与胰蛋白酶相互作用的光谱和分子模拟研究

运用荧光光谱和紫外光谱, 结合分子模拟法研究了盐酸环丙沙星(CPFX)与胰蛋白酶(Trypsin)在不同温度条件下(288, 298和308 K)的相互作用. 研究发现CPFX对Trypsin有较强的荧光猝灭作用, 且为静态猝灭类型. 根据双对数方程处理荧光猝灭数据得到了CPFX与Trypsin在不同温度下的结合常数K和结合位点数n. 利用紫外光谱定性讨论了CPFX对Trypsin构象的影响. 通过热力学方程求得了不同温度下CPFX与Trypsin作用的热力学参数, 表明它们之间的作用力主要是疏水作用和氢键, 这与分子模拟方法所得的结果是一致的.     

高效毛细管电泳-电化学检测滴鼻液中盐酸麻黄碱和磺胺嘧啶

采用毛细管电泳-电化学检测法(CE-ED) 同时测定滴鼻液中盐酸麻黄碱和磺胺嘧啶的含量,考察了缓冲液酸度和浓度、氧化电位、分离电压和进样时间等试验参数对分离检测的影响.在最佳试验条件下,工作电极为直径 300 μm 的碳圆盘电极,检测电位为 0.95 V(vs.SCE),缓冲液为50 mmol·L-1 硼砂-硼酸溶液(pH 8.0),分离电压为 17 kV,上述两组分在 7 min 内即可实现分离.盐酸麻黄碱和磺胺嘧啶在三个数量级的范围内呈线性,检出限(S/N=3)分别为 7.0×10-5g·L-1和3.0×10-5g·L-1,回收率在 97.0%～98.0%之间.     

Forced Degradation Study to Develop and Validate Stability-Indicating RP-LC for Quantification of Ropinirole Hydrochloride in Its Modified Release Tablets

A forced degradation study on ropinirole hydrochloride in bulk and in its modified release tablets was conducted under the conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation and photolysis in order to develop an isocratic stability-indicating LC-UV method for quantification of the drug in tablets. An impurity peak in standard solution was found to increase under acidic and neutral hydrolytic conditions while another degradation product was formed under alkaline condition. The drug and its degradation products were optimally resolved on a Hypersil C₁₈ column with mobile phase composed of diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate (0.05 M; pH 7.2), tetrahydrofuran and methanol (80:15:5% v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min^?1 at 30 °C using 250 nm as detection wavelength. The method was linear in the range of 0.05–50 μg mL^?1 drug concentrations. The %RSD of inter- and intra-day precision studies was <1. The system suitability parameters remained unaffected during quantification of the drug on three different LC systems. Excellent recoveries (101.59–102.28%) proved that the method was sufficiently accurate. The LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.012 and 0.040 μg mL^?1, respectively. Degradation behaviour of the drug in both bulk and tablets was similar. The drug was very unstable to hydrolytic conditions but stable to oxidative and photolytic conditions. The method can be used for rapid and accurate quantification of ropinirole hydrochloride in tablets during stability testing. Based on chemical reactivity of ropinirole in different media, the degradation products were suspected to be different from the known impurities of the drug.     

斜投影和空间夹角判据结合紫外光谱分析滴眼液中苯扎氯铵

采用紫外光谱,将斜投影(OP)与空间夹角判据(SAC)相结合,通过十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227)含量反映苯扎氯铵(BAC)含量的方式建立了一种快速检测滴眼液中BAC的新方法。首先采用斜投影提取BAC混合物中1227的纯信号,以提取的光谱信号与对应浓度值进行最小二乘拟合,建立标准光谱矩阵;再通过高效液相色谱-紫外光谱联用获取滴眼液本底光谱矩阵;最后根据空间夹角判据测定滴眼液样品中1227的含量,并以此反映BAC的含量。结果显示:在1~20μg/m L浓度范围内,斜投影提取的1227纯信号与对应浓度呈良好线性关系(r0.999 6),方法的检测结果与高效液相色谱法接近,相对误差不大于2.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)不大于2.8%,回收率为99.6%~101.8%。该方法采用多波长紫外光谱直接定量BAC,无需复杂的样品前处理,定量时间短,分析效率高,稳健性好,可推广应用于其他领域。     

Effect of Aucubin-Containing Eye Drops on Tear Hyposecretion and Lacrimal Gland Damage Induced by Urban Particulate Matter in Rats

Exposure to particulate matter is a causative factor of dry eye disease. We aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of eye drops containing aucubin on dry eye disease induced by urban particulate matter (UPM). Dry eye was induced in male SD rats (6 weeks old) by topical exposure to UPM thrice a day for 5 d. Eye drops containing 0.1% aucubin or 0.5% aucubin were topically administered directly into the eye after UPM exposure for an additional 5 d. Tear secretion was evaluated using a phenol red thread tear test and corneal irregularity. The oxidative damage in the lacrimal gland was evaluated using TUNEL and immunohistochemical staining. The topical administration of aucubin significantly attenuated UPM-induced tear hyposecretion (control group: 9.25 ± 0.62 mm, UPM group: 4.55 ± 0.25 mm, 0.1% aucubin: 7.12 ± 0.58 mm, and 0.5% aucubin: 7.88 ± 0.75 mm) and corneal irregularity (control group: 0.00 ± 0.00, UPM group: 3.40 ± 0.29, 0.1% aucubin: 1.80 ± 0.27, and 0.5% aucubin: 1.15 ± 0.27). In addition, aucubin also reduced the UPM-induced apoptotic injury of lacrimal gland cells induced by oxidative stress through the increased expression of HMGB1 and RAGE. These findings indicate that the topical administration of aucubin eye drops showed a beneficial effect against UPM-induced abnormal ocular changes, such as tear hyposecretion and lacrimal gland damage. Therefore, our results reveal the pharmacological activities of aucubin in dry eye disease.     

荧光法研究盐酸拓扑替康、盐酸依利替康喜树碱类药物牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

用荧光光谱法、分光光度法研究了盐酸拓扑替康(Topotecan hydrochloride,简记为THC)与盐酸依利替康(Irinotecan hydrochloride,简记为IHC)两种喜树碱类药物与牛血清白蛋白(Bovine serum albumins,BSA)的相互结合反应.实验表明喜树碱类药物与牛血清白蛋白的相互结合作用为单一的静态猝灭过程,在溶液中二者以物质的量比11牢固结合,25℃时其结合反应的平衡常数K0分别为K0,THC=7.73×105 L·mol-1,K0,IHC=4.73×105 L·mol-1.根据F(o)rster非辐射能量转移机理,求算了给体(BSA)与受体(喜树碱类药物)间距离r和能量转移效率E分别为rTHC=3.75nm,rIHC=3.08 nm,ETHC=0.26,EIHC=0.51.并研究了五种离子对喜树碱类药物与BSA结合作用的影响,推测了二者之间的主要作用力为疏水作用和偶极-偶极相互作用.     

荧光法研究盐酸拓扑替康、盐酸依利替康喜树碱类药物和牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

用荧光光谱法、分光光度法研究了盐酸拓扑替康(Topotecan hydrochloride, 简记为THC)与盐酸依利替康(Irinotecan hydrochloride, 简记为IHC)两种喜树碱类药物与牛血清白蛋白(Bovine serum albumins, BSA)的相互结合反应. 实验表明喜树碱类药物与牛血清白蛋白的相互结合作用为单一的静态猝灭过程, 在溶液中二者以物质的量比1∶1牢固结合, 25 ℃时其结合反应的平衡常数K₀分别为: K_0,THC＝7.73×10⁵ L•mol^－1, K_0,IHC＝4.73×10⁵ L•mol^－1. 根据Förster非辐射能量转移机理, 求算了给体(BSA)与受体(喜树碱类药物)间距离r和能量转移效率E分别为: r_THC＝3.75 nm, r_IHC＝3.08 nm, E_THC＝0.26, E_IHC＝0.51. 并研究了五种离子对喜树碱类药物与BSA结合作用的影响, 推测了二者之间的主要作用力为疏水作用和偶极-偶极相互作用.     

光谱法研究盐酸麻黄碱及盐酸伪麻黄碱与人血清白蛋白的键合

在模拟人体生理条件下,采用紫外光谱法、荧光光谱法和同步荧光光谱法研究盐酸麻黄碱及盐酸伪麻黄碱与人血清白蛋白(HSA)的结合作用.实验表明:盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱对HSA的荧光猝灭机制均为静态猝灭,盐酸麻黄碱和盐酸伪麻黄碱与HSA均形成1∶1复合物,结合常数K分别为2.53×104 L·mol-1和2.02×104 L...     

地表水和饮用水中NDMA的降解方法*

NDMA（二甲基亚硝胺）是在地表水和消毒后的饮用水中新检测到的强致癌污染物,研究其去除方法对保护公众健康和发展安全的水工业具有重要的现实意义。本文综述了NDMA的去除方法,分析了挥发﹑汽提﹑吸附﹑反渗透﹑生物处理﹑金属催化还原﹑UV处理﹑自然光解和二氧化钛光催化方法的优缺点,并探讨了该领域的研究方向,旨在为解决地表水和饮用水中的亚硝胺污染问题开发高效、实用的方法和途径提供新的思路。     

The Effect of Actinoquinol with Hyaluronic Acid in Eye Drops on the Optical Properties and Oxidative Damage of the Rabbit Cornea Irradiated with UVB Rays

Irradiation of the cornea with UVB rays leads to its oxidative damage, swelling and increased light absorption. We investigated changes in the corneal optics (evaluated by changes of corneal hydration and light absorption) and microscopical disturbances of corneas irradiated with UVB rays as influenced by eye drops containing actinoquinol with hyaluronic acid. Rabbit corneas were irradiated with a daily dose of 0.5 or 1.01 J cm⁻² of UVB rays (312 nm) for 4 days. During irradiation, the eye drops were applied on the right eye and buffered saline (or hyaluronic acid) on the left eye. On day 5 the rabbits were sacrificed and the corneas examined spectrophotometrically for light absorption. The corneal thickness (hydration) was measured using a pachymeter. Corneas of some other rabbits were examined immunohistochemically. After buffered saline treatment UVB rays evoked changes in the corneal optics and induced oxidative damage of the corneas. After actinoquinol-hyaluronic acid application, these changes were diminished. Hyaluronic acid alone was less effective. In conclusion, actinoquinol-hyaluronic acid eye drops decreased changes in corneal optics and suppressed oxidative damage in the UVB-irradiated cornea. However, the effective corneal protection by these eye drops was limited to the lower UVB dose.     

多巴胺盐酸盐与二甲亚砜的相互作用研究

使用核磁共振技术、密度泛函理论(DFT)和分子中原子(AIM)理论,研究了多巴胺盐酸盐(DH)与二甲亚砜(DMSO)的相互作用。结果表明,DH中酚羟基和氨基正离子上的氢原子、苯环上位于酚羟基和侧链之间碳上的氢原子,甚至侧链上与苯环直接相连的亚甲基上的氢原子都可与DMSO中的氧原子形成分子间氢键。     

氯离子侵蚀下钢筋在混凝土中腐蚀行为的EIS研究

应用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和氯离子探针技术，研究在氯化物侵蚀作用下混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀行为.结果表明，钢筋混凝土体系的阻抗谱中包含两个时间常数，分别对应于界面的双电层和钢筋表面的混凝土保护层.自行研制的氯离子探针可连续、无损地测量钢筋/混凝土界面的氯离子浓度.根据腐蚀反应电阻Rct、Warburg阻抗等元件参数和界面氯离子浓度的变化，讨论了混凝土中钢筋腐蚀发生、发展各阶段界面化学环境及钢筋腐蚀参数的变化规律.     

过氧化氢与N—甲基苯胺盐酸盐引发体系的研究

在水介质中,研究了新型的过氧化氢/N-甲基苯胺盐酸盐引发体系对 AM 与 PVA 的接枝共聚。产物经紫外光谱、红外光谱和 ~1H-核磁共振进行表征,并提出了引发机理。     

Theoretical Study on the Structural and Electronic Properties of Thiocarbamide Hydrochloride

In the present paper, the electronic band structure, density of states （DOS）, and projected density of states （PDOS） analysis of thiocarbamide hydrochloride are reported. Calculations of the electronic properties have been carried out on the basis of fully self-consistent pseudopotential method using DFT. The results show that near the Fermi level, more prominent densities of states are seen between -8 eV and -6 eV in the valence band mainly due to the Cl-3p, N-2p and S-3p orbitals.     

Utility of Derivative Spectrophotometry in the Determination of Carbochromen Hydrochloride and Dipyridamole in the Presence of Their Oxidative Degradation Products

Abstract

Direct spectrophotometric methods for the determination of carbochromen hydrochloride and dipyridamole, each in the presence of its oxidative degradation products, are presented. the methods are based on the first derivative (D₁) and second derivative (D₂) spectrophotometric measurement (absolute trough, U) at 336 nm and (Peak-trough, Y) at 309–342 nm for carbochromen hydrochloride and at 240–260 nm(U) and 246–268 nm(Y) for dipyridamole. Plots of D₁ or D₂ versus concentration were linear over the concentration range of 8.00–16.00 μg/ml for carbochromen hydrochloride and 4.00–12.00 μg/ml for dipyridamole. Oxidative degradation of these drugs has been optimized with respect to hydrogen peroxide concentration. Determining the intact in coexistence with its oxidative degradation product, the proposed derivative spectrophotometric methods proved to be of high potential in correcting the systematic error appearing in the results of the A_max method due to the latter. Assaying the commercial tablets, the proposed method gave results of high accuracy and reproducibility.     

Stability-Indicating Method for the Determination of Hydrochlorothiazide,Benzydamine Hydrochloride and Clonazepam in the Presence of Their Degradation Products

Abstract

Spectrophotometric, colorimetric and densitometric methods for the determination of hydrochlorothiazide, benzydamine hydrochloride and clonazepam in the presence of their degradation products are described. Hydrochlorothiazide was determined in the presence of its degradation products methoxyhydrothiazide, hydroxyhydrothiazide and 5-chloro-2,4-disulfonamidoaniline applying the first and second derivative spectrophotometer at 278.8 nm and 254.4 nm, respectively, while benzydamine hydrochloride was determined in the presence of its toxic photodegradation products 5-hydroxybenzydamine and 2-B-dimethylaminopropyl-l-benzylindalolin-3-one colorimetrically using the acid dye bromophenol red and measuring the absorbance of the chloroform solution of the ion-pair formed at 425nm. Clonazepam was determined densitometrically in the presence of its degradation products carbostyril and 2-amino-2-chloro-5-nitrobenzophenone. The suggested methods determine hydrochlorothiazide, benzydamine hydrochloride and clonazepam in the presence of degradation products with mean accuracies of 99.57±0.51%, 100.04±0.41%, 100.03±0.21% and 99.84±0.34%, respectively. The proposed methods are suitable for stability testing in bulk powder and in pharmaceutical preparations.     

废水中有机污染物降解机理的研究方法

我国废水排放总量较大,且废水中含有的多种有机污染物一直是人类生命健康的潜在威胁,因此对废水处理的研究必不可少,而理解废水中有机污染物的降解机理是处理各种废水的基础.本综述概述了国内外针对各种有机污染物降解机理的研究方法,主要包括实验手段和计算模拟两大类.实验手段中主要采用光谱分析技术检测有机污染物降解过程中生成的中间产物,进而推测有机污染物的降解路径.但是由于实验条件和实验方法的不同,对于同种物质的降解机理研究,不同的实验结果存在着争议.基于量子化学计算、定量构效关系模型（QSAR）、定量结构-生物降解性能关系模型（QSBR）、统计分子碎化模型（SMF）等计算模拟方法为有机污染物降解机理的研究提供了新的方法.将实验手段和计算模拟有机结合起来,可为有机污染物的降解机理研究提供参考和指导.     

曙红B与盐酸洛美沙星相互作用的分光光度法研究

在pH=1.2的Clark Lubs缓冲溶液条件下,曙红B与盐酸洛美沙星复合物的最大吸收峰位于535nm,比曙红B本身红移30nm,复合物的表观摩尔吸光系数为5.82×103L·mol-1·cm-1。方法的线性范围为10～40mg·L-1,检出限为2.2mg·L-1。实验考察了反应条件的影响,初步讨论了反应机理。