Optical geometries and related structures

Two natural optical geometries on the space of all null directions over a four-dimensional Lorentzian manifold are defined and studied. One of this geometries is never integrable and the other is integrable iff the metric of is conformally flat. Sections of forming a zero set of integrability conditions for the latter optical geometry are interpreted as principal null directions on .

Certain well-defined conditions on are shown to be equivalent to the vanishing of the traceless part of the Ricci tensor of . Sections of forming a zero set for these new conditions correspond to the eigendirections of the Ricci tensor of .

An analogy between optical and Hermitian geometries is discussed. Existing (or possible to exist) mutual counterparts between facts from optical and Hermitian geometries are listed. In this analogy, construction of the optical geometries on constitutes a Lorentzian counterpart of the Atiyah-Hitchin-Singer construction of two natural almost Hermitian structures on the twistor space of four-dimensional Euclidean manifold.     

Bibliography on quantum logics and related structures

The bibliography contains 1851 references on axiomatic structures underlying quantum mechanics, with stress on varieties of algebraico-logical, probabilistic, and operational structures for which the term quantum logics is adopted. An index of about 250 keywords picked out from the titles is included and statistics about papers, journals, and authors are presented. Monographs and proceedings on the subject are noted.     

Si quantum dot structures and their applications

This paper presents briefly the history of emission study in Si quantum dots (QDs) in the last two decades. Stable light emission of Si QDs and NCs was observed in the spectral ranges: blue, green, orange, red and infrared. These PL bands were attributed to the exciton recombination in Si QDs, to the carrier recombination through defects inside of Si NCs or via oxide related defects at the Si/SiOx interface. The analysis of recombination transitions and the different ways of the emission stimulation in Si QD structures, related to the element variation for the passivation of surface dangling bonds, as well as the plasmon induced emission and rare earth impurity activation, have been presented.The different applications of Si QD structures in quantum electronics, such as: Si QD light emitting diodes, Si QD single union and tandem solar cells, Si QD memory structures, Si QD based one electron devices and double QD structures for spintronics, have been discussed as well. Note the significant worldwide interest directed toward the silicon-based light emission for integrated optoelectronics is related to the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor compatibility and the possibility to be monolithically integrated with very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits. The different features of poly-, micro- and nanocrystalline silicon for solar cells, that is a mixture of both amorphous and crystalline phases, such as the silicon NCs or QDs embedded in a α-Si:H matrix, as well as the thin film 2-cell or 3-cell tandem solar cells based on Si QD structures have been discussed as well. Silicon NC based structures for non-volatile memory purposes, the recent studies of Si QD base single electron devices and the single electron occupation of QDs as an important component to the measurement and manipulation of spins in quantum information processing have been analyzed as well.     

Omni-Lie 2-algebras and their Dirac structures

We introduce the notion of omni-Lie 2-algebra, which is a categorification of Weinstein’s omni-Lie algebras. We prove that there is a one-to-one correspondence between strict Lie 2-algebra structures on 2-sub-vector spaces of a 2-vector space V$\mathbb{V}$ and Dirac structures on the omni-Lie 2-algebra gl(V)⊕V$\mathfrak{g}\mathfrak{l}\left(\mathbb{V}\right)\oplus \mathbb{V}$. In particular, strict Lie 2-algebra structures on V$\mathbb{V}$ itself one-to-one correspond to Dirac structures of the form of graphs. Finally, we introduce the notion of twisted omni-Lie 2-algebra to describe (non-strict) Lie 2-algebra structures. Dirac structures of a twisted omni-Lie 2-algebra correspond to certain (non-strict) Lie 2-algebra structures, which include string Lie 2-algebra structures.     

New approaches for growth control of GaN-based HEMT structures

This paper reports on new approaches for growth control of GaN-based heterostructures for high frequency and high power application. First in situ methods are presented and their further development discussed [1]. The development leads to a greatly improved observation of growth parameter influences in the MOVPE of GaN. A new growth process is introduced which enhances growth reproducibility [2]. This new growth process is then optimized with respect to the envisaged application. To this end process modeling will be employed. The application envisaged is the Al_xGa_1-xN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). At last device results will be presented. All in all it will be shown how fundamental research can drive technology and how basic knowledge can be employed for process development with respect to device applications. PACS 68.35.Ct; 68.55.Ac; 78.66.Fd; 81.15.Kk     

非相干非线性光学理论方法及其进展

文章主要综述了非相干非线性光学的几种理论方法,包括互相干函数法、相干密度法、自洽模理论、Wigner转换法、近似射线光学法和热动力学法等.其中,着重阐述了近期发展起来的理论方法——热动力学法,并对其原理进行了概括.对这几种理论方法的理解和探讨对非相干非线性光学效应的研究具有很重要的指导意义,有利于非相干非线性光学理论的进一步发展和完善.     

非相干非线性光学理论方法及其进展

文章主要综述了非相干非线性光学的几种理论方法,包括互相干函数法、相干密度法、自洽模理论、Wigner转换法、近似射线光学法和热动力学法等.其中,着重阐述了近期发展起来的理论方法——热动力学法,并对其原理进行了概括.对这几种理论方法的理解和探讨对非相干非线性光学效应的研究具有很重要的指导意义,有利于非相干非线性光学理论的进一步发展和完善.     

EFG studies of the AlCuFe quasicrystal and related structures

It is known that the structure and thermal stability of the AlCuFe icosahedral quasicrystalline (i-QC) phase is extremely sensitive to the exact composition. A stable, ideally quasiperiodic phase exists only along a line around Al_62.0Cu_25.5Fe_12.5. The other i-QC samples show structural changes when annealed around 700 °C. The⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer EFG properties and isomer shifts of these various i-QC phases and of the new rhombohedral approximant phase are presented, and compared with the properties of the Al site investigated by NMR. Certain new systematic trends will be presented.     

Two-photon absorption and broadband optical limiting with bis-donor stilbenes

Large two-photon absorptivities are reported for symmetrical bis-donor stilbene derivatives with dialkylamino or diphenylamino groups. These molecules exhibit strong optical limiting of nanosecond pulses over a broad spectral range in the visible. Relative to bis(di-n-butylamino)stilbene, bis(diphenylamino)stilbene exhibits a 90-nm red shift of its optical limiting band but only a minimal shift of ~13 nm of its lowest one-photon electronic absorption band. Mixtures of these compounds offer an unprecedented combination of broad optical limiting bandwidth and high linear transparency.     

Two approaches to three-dimensional array foci of generalized Fibonacci structures

We propose two technologies to extend the number of layers in order to complete the three-dimensional(3D)array diffraction-limited foci, which means there are two-dimensional array foci at multi-focal planes. One technology is the diffractive optical lever; the other is multi-hybrid Fibonacci structures. Based on the aperiodic Fibonacci structures and binary phase modulation, various kinds of devices can be designed to produce 3D array foci whose focusing properties approximately satisfy the mathematical characteristics of the Fibonacci sequences. With those technologies, the diffraction-limited array foci are freely designed or distributed as required at the desired multiple focal planes.     

High-pressure structures of disilane and their superconducting properties

A systematic ab initio search for low-enthalpy phases of disilane (Si2H6) at high pressures was performed based on the minima hopping method. We found a novel metallic phase of disilane with Cmcm symmetry, which is enthalpically more favorable than the recently proposed structures of disilane up to 280 GPa, but revealing compositional instability below 190 GPa. The Cmcm phase has a moderate electron-phonon coupling yielding a superconducting transition temperature T(c) of around 20 K at 100 GPa, decreasing to 13 K at 220 GPa. These values are significantly smaller than previously predicted T(c))s for disilane at equivalent pressure. This shows that similar but different crystalline structures of a material can result in dramatically different T(c)'s and stresses the need for a systematic search for a crystalline ground state.     

Direct opal-like structures consisting of monodisperse polymer particles and synthesis of the related inverse structures

Three-dimensional periodic solid-state film structures with a face-centered cubic lattice and a high degree of perfection have been prepared from monodisperse particles of styrene copolymers with methacrylic acid. It has been shown that these structures can be successfully used not only as model objects for studying specific features of light propagation in photonic crystals but also as templates for synthesizing inverse opal-like structures. The influence of the degree of hydrophilization of the surface layer of polymer particles forming a polymer template and the template synthesis conditions on the quality of an inverse opal-like TiO₂-based structure has been analyzed.     

Polarization sensitive sub-wavelength metallic structures: toward near-field light confinement control

In this paper, we seek to demonstrate spatial near field light confinement with a truly sub-wavelength resolution in the visible range. For that purpose, an opaque metallic screen is pierced with an array of rectangular nano-apertures which support polarization sensitive guided modes. We show that it is possible to switch on and off sub-wavelength apertures about only 200 nanometers away. Theoretical results have been performed (3D-FDTD home-made code) and are in good agreement with the experimental results. These kinds of nano-structures might offer a convenient and versatile way to sub-wavelength light addressing, optical trapping, molecular, or nano-probing, non-linear spectroscopy.     

Synthetic methods for polyamine linkers and their application to combinatorial chemistry

Summary Polyamines and polyamine conjugates display a diverse range of important biological functions, ranging from antibiotics to immunosuppressants and glutamate receptor antagonists. For these reasons, polyamines provide an excellent template/scaffold for combinatorial chemistry. In this paper we present methods for the solid-phase immobilisation of polyamines for use in synthetic and combinatorial chemistry and describe how they have been employed in the preparation of a number of important polyamine conjugates and polyamine libraries. Thus, we have designed, synthesised and utilised a number of polyamine linkers for both solution and resin screening combinatorial application.     

Invariant local twistor calculus for quaternionic structures and related geometries

New universal invariant operators are introduced in a class of geometries which include the quaternionic structures and their generalizations as well as four-dimensional conformal (spin) geometries. It is shown that, in a broad sense, all invariants operators arise from these universal operators and that they may be used to reduce all invariants problems to corresponding algebraic problems involving homomorphisms between modules of certain parabolic subgroups of Lie groups. Explicit application of the operators is illustrated by the construction of all non-standard operators between exterior forms on a large class of the geometries which includes the quaternionic structures.     

4A碳纳米管及相关结构的嵌锂特性(英文)

碳纳米管独特的一维结构和强烈的卷曲效应为外来原子提供了理想的嵌入通道。本文全面总结了近年来我们对直径仅为4A的三种单壁碳纳米管嵌锂特性的密度泛函研究工作。我们具体讨论了体系嵌锂后的结构、能量、电子、电化学等特性。由于这些超小直径的碳纳米管最初合成于沸石晶体的纳米管道,我们也讨论了碳纳米管?沸石晶体复合体系的嵌锂特性。另外,我们还研究了由(5,0)和(14,0)碳纳米管组成的双壁碳纳米管体系的嵌锂特性。我们的理论计算表明,超小直径碳纳米管及相关结构作为锂离子电池负极材料具有很好的应用前景。     

Hamiltonian structures related to a new spectral problem

A spectral problem studied by Roy Chowdhury and Swapna Roy is discussed and the corresponding Hamiltonian structure is obtained.