Optically controllable and focus-tunable Fresnel lens in azo-dye-doped liquid crystals using a Sagnac interferometer

This study demonstrates a tunable Fresnel lens in an azo-dye-doped liquid crystal (ADDLC) film using an interference technique. One Fresnel-patterned green beam using a Sagnac interferometer irradiated the UV-illuminated ADDLC cell, yielding a concentric zone plate distribution with homeotropic and isotropic structures in bright and dark regions of the green interference pattern. The proposed Fresnel lens is polarization independent, focus tunable, and the focusing efficiency of the device can be optically controlled.     

The Generation of Phase Singularities by the Use of an Offset Fresnel-Type Lens Antenna

In this paper a new, specially-configured Fresnel lens antenna is shown to efficiently convert a beam from a waveguide, located at the focus of the lens, into a beam with a phase singularity.     

采用大口径投影光学系统监测远场散斑特征参数

大口径投影光学系统采用低成本、大口径菲涅耳透镜制作,可将远场散斑强度分布投影到CCD成像探测器上。通过CCD图像处理,能够对给定孔径上的接收功率、闪烁指数进行量化评估;在接收孔径足够大、保障散斑不会因为光束漂移效应而脱离菲涅耳透镜的条件下,该系统还可以对光束漂移和特征半径进行量化评估。同时讨论了CCD像元响应非均匀性误差及其影响、CCD辐照响应函数和图像几何投影系数的定标方法。实验表明,系统能够对激光大气传输过程中的远场散斑特征参数进行监测。特别对自由空间激光通信系统而言,可以为大气衰减和多种大气湍流效应综合作用下的中值电平慢衰落研究和检测阈值优化设计提供实验数据支撑。     

基于畸变透镜孔衍射的激光束型转变

为了研究用畸变透镜孔产生的不同束型的精细激光束,先由基尔霍夫衍射公式得到高斯光束微圆孔衍射积分式,然后再经适当推理得到高斯光束通过畸变透镜孔的菲涅耳衍射的计算式,进而探讨了畸变透镜孔菲涅耳衍射对高斯光束进行束型转变的原理。用Matlab软件进行计算机模拟实验,表明了这种方法和技术是可行的。这种激光束整形技术可产生用于微细加工的不同束型的精细激光束。     

Design of off-axis reflective projection lens using spherical Fresnel surface

In this paper, an off-axis reflective projection lens with single Fresnel reflective surface and three aspheric surfaces were designed. The design method of reflective lens using spherical Fresnel surface is discussed. The MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) of the off-axis reflective lens, with optical magnification 100×, F-number 2.5 and field of view 120°, is over 40% at 0.6 lp/mm on the image side, the distortion is less than 2%. This design method can provide reference for application of Fresnel surface in wide field of view imaging, and possesses a bright future with the continuous development of fabrication technique.     

高衍射效率衍射望远镜系统的设计/加工及成像性能测试

为提高衍射效率,设计并制作了口径为300mm的衍射成像系统.该系统的物镜是由一块四台阶位相型菲涅尔波带片通过激光直写套刻和Ar离子束物理刻蚀技术在石英玻璃基板上加工而成.测试了衍射物镜的衍射效率,实验结果表明:衍射物镜在波长632.8nm处的衍射效率为66.4%,达到理论值的82%.搭建了衍射成像系统光路,分别采用10μm星点孔与分辨率板,测试了系统的成像性能.实验测得星点像直径为44μm,分辨率板的极限分辨率达到84lp/mm,接近该系统的理论计算值,表明该衍射成像系统具有较好的成像性能.     

Simple and Accurate Propagation-Angle Observation of a Collimated Laser Beam within a Short Optical Path Range by Use of a Dual-Focus Fresnel Lens

We propose a method for observing the propagation-angle displacement of a collimated beam with respect to the travel direction of a moving part by use of a dual-focus Fresnel lens. The fabricated binary-type dual focus Fresnel lens consisting of two portions having a different focal length from each other. 0.5 mrad angular accuracy within a travel range of 16mm was experimentally confirmed and then it was successfully applied to split-type optical head manufacturing.     

光声信号的声透镜层析成像研究

提出了一种用声透镜实现光声层析成像的新模式。从理论上计算出了声透镜的响应，测出了已知声场中标准物像面处的声场分布。考虑到圆形活塞振源的指向性，对代表物成像进行了理论修正，并与实验结果做了对比分析。研究表明，利用声透镜可以实现光声层析成像，并经图像重构得到了生物组织中异物的光声图像，横向、纵向分辨力较高。     

部分相干电磁光束的焦移

 基于有效菲涅耳数的概念,给出一种简单的表达式来评估部分相干电磁光束经圆形光阑透镜后所产生的相对焦移,对部分相干电磁光束经透镜聚焦的情况进行了研究。结果表明:当交叉谱密度函数的非对角元素为零时,有效菲涅耳数不仅依赖于真实的菲涅耳数大小,而且依赖于光束的偏振分布和入射部分相干电磁光束两个偏振分量的空间相干长度;相对焦移量仅由等效菲涅耳数决定。将此方法与数值积分法进行的比较表明,等效菲涅耳数可以简单、准确地评估焦移。     

COB光源的窄光束均匀照明设计

为了解决高功率白光LED光源输出高均匀度窄光束的问题,设计了一种由复合抛物面反射器、菲涅尔透镜和非球面透镜组成的照明系统。设计中以板上芯片型（COB）集成光源的配光曲线为依据构建光源仿真模型,由复合抛物面反射器实现大角度光线初次会聚之后,再由菲涅尔透镜控制溢散光,最后利用非球面透镜进行准直配光。采用TracePro进行蒙特卡洛光线追迹,根据仿真得到的系统性能指标,并研制出实物装置进行实验测试。最终测试结果表明:窄光束均匀照明系统可以输出±7.9°的光束,并且在距离系统出光面0.7 m左右的区域形成均匀度超过96%的圆形光斑,整体光效达到60%。     

High frequency acoustic microscopy with Fresnel zoom lens

The acoustic field distributions and the convergent beams generated by the planar-structure Fresnel zone transducers on solid surface are investigated. Because only 0 and 180 degree phase transducers are used, an imaging system with the Fresnel zoom lens could work at very high frequency, which overcomes the frequency limit of the traditional phased array acoustic imaging system. Simulation results are given to illustrate the acoustic field distributions along the focal axis and the whole plane as well. Based on the principle of scanning of the focus with the change of frequency for the excited signal, an experimental imaging system is also built. Acoustic Fresnel zone transducers are fabricated at center frequency of 400 MHz. Measurements and detections of the known hole flaws at different depths of the fused quartz sample are presented to show that the imaging system with Fresnel zoom lens could move its focus by only changing the frequency of the excited signal.     

Diffraction of terahertz waves after passing through a Fresnel lens

The spatiotemporal and spectral characteristics of ultrawide-band terahertz pulses after passing through a Fresnel lens are studied by using the scalar diffraction theory. The simulation shows that the transmitted terahertz waveforms compress with increasing propagation distance, and the multi-frequency focusing phenomenon at different focal points is observed. Additionally, the distribution of terahertz fields in a plane perpendicular to the axis is also discussed, and it is found that the diffraction not only induces focusing on-axis but also inhibits focusing at off-axis positions. Therefore, the Fresnel lens may be a useful alternative approach to being a terahertz filter. Moreover, the terahertz pulses travelling as a basic mode of a Gaussian beam are discussed in detail.     

应用反射型球面菲涅耳波带片的成像物镜设计

设计了一种应用球面菲涅耳波带反射面与非球面反射面结合的成像物镜。对球面结构的菲涅耳波带反射面进行分析,推导了球面菲涅耳波带反射面近似替代非球面的方法,采用单片球面菲涅耳波带反射面和三片非球面反射面设计成像物镜,在放大倍数100×、视场角120°、菲涅耳数2.5情况下,调制传递函数在放大成像侧可实现0.6 lp/mm的40%以上,畸变小于2.2%。该设计方法为菲涅耳波带片应用于可见光成像提供了参考,并随着菲涅耳器件加工技术的不断发展具有良好的应用前景。     

基于菲涅耳透镜阵列的红外气体传感器

菲涅耳透镜同时具有分光与会聚特性, 且体积小、重量轻和易复制, 使其在光谱检测中得到逐步应用, 但典型光谱成像仪采用菲涅耳透镜沿光轴扫描的方法来获得连续谱线, 不利于光谱仪的稳定性。考虑到气体探测需求, 选用多通道方式来获得多光谱, 提出了一种基于菲涅耳透镜阵列的新型红外气体传感器, 可实现吸收波长在3～5 μm的CO2,CO,CH4,SO2气体的实时检测。利用球面波的传输理论和瑞利判据, 推导了菲涅耳透镜光谱分辨率与透镜结构参数之间的函数关系, 并以光谱分辨率小于50nm为性能指标, 对1μm工艺的8台阶菲涅耳透镜阵列的结构参数进行了计算和误差分析。结果表明, 透镜阵列所需焦距为47.84 mm, 平均数值孔径大于0.4。     

柱透镜聚焦高阶Bessel光束产生焦散光束

研究了高阶Bessel光束经过柱透镜后的光场分布特性.在广义惠更斯-菲涅尔衍射积分理论基础上,推导出高阶Bessel光束透过柱透镜后的衍射光场分布表达式;并利用MATLAB和MATHCAD模拟了不同传播距离处的光强分布.实验上,利用轴棱锥和螺旋相位板产生不同阶数的高阶Bessel光束,并使产生的高阶Bessel光束经过柱透镜,最后用CCD记录下不同距离处的衍射光场.研究结果表明,高阶Bessel光束经过柱透镜形成唇状的焦散光束.     

对光声成像系统中声透镜的二元声学研究

基于二元声学的方法提出了一种折射／衍射混合声透镜设计方案,该声透镜在对光声信号进行二维成像时体现出了极大的优越性,与单声透镜相比,除了有实时成像、成像焦深较大且可以利用时间分辨技术实现层析成像的优点外,还可以利用二元声学透镜独特的色散特性校正单声透镜的轴向色差,可以极大提高成像的分辨力。通过计算机模拟了有一定带宽的点声源通过该声透镜像面上的点扩展函数,与经单声透镜的结果比较,可以看出点扩展函数弥散斑得到明显改善,极大地消除色差对成像质量的影响。     

基于菲涅耳波带板扫描全息术的光学层析成像

基于光学扫描全息术原理和编码孔径层析成像技术,提出了一种三维物体层析成像技术——菲涅耳波带板扫描全息术。该技术通过将物体的光强分布函数与菲涅耳波带板的光强分布函数进行卷积运算来得到物体的扫描全息图,通过相关解卷积的方法来进行扫描全息图的数字重建。依据该技术原理设计了实验系统,系统结构简单紧凑,具有三维物体层析成像功能。提出用数字高通滤波器来减少重建图像的背景噪声。计算机仿真及对实物的扫描记录和重建实验结果表明,该技术原理正确,用于三维物体层析成像是可行的,用数字高通滤波的方法提高重建图像的对比度是有效的。     

Parametric X-ray radiation as a beam size monitor

We propose two new approaches, referred to as the local and remote methods, for measuring electron beam sizes using parametric X-ray radiation. Using the local method, we have carried out a proof-of-principle experiment, and good agreement was obtained with the results of a standard method using a fluorescent screen. For the remote method, we have proposed a scheme to measure beam sizes using a Fresnel zone plate as an X-ray lens. These methods may prove useful for measuring the sizes of electron beams with small emittances or short bunch lengths in recent advanced accelerators.     

菲涅耳透镜的制作及性能分析(对准误差的影响)

我们使用薄膜沉积法制作16阶菲涅耳透镜,其衍射效率接近87%.用它代替常规的光学透镜可实现系统的轻量化、小型化、增加系统设计的自由度.在标量衍射理论的基础上,应用菲涅耳公式和傅里叶变换分析SiO₂薄膜和基底的表面反射、对准误差以及入射角对16阶菲涅耳透镜衍射效率的影响.     

会聚厄米-双曲余弦高斯光束的光强分布和焦移

 基于厄米-双曲余弦高斯光束通过无光阑限制薄透镜聚焦的解析传输公式，研究了厄米-双曲余弦高斯光束聚焦区域的光强分布，并对光束的焦移进行了分析，讨论了偏心参数对光强主极大位置的影响。结果表明：TEM₁₁模厄米-双曲余弦高斯光束的相对焦移（绝对值）随偏心参数和菲涅尔数的减小而增大，菲涅尔数较大时相对焦移趋于零。TEM₂₂模光束在偏心参数小于0.54时，轴外与轴上光强极大值的比值大于1，此时光强主极大在轴外，偏心参数大于0.54时则相反；在偏心参数等于0.54时比值为1，此时光束有两个主极大，偏心参数愈大光强愈集中于轴上。使用LW法和GH法得到的TEM₂₂模光束的相对焦移（绝对值）随偏心参数和菲涅尔数的变化规律与TEM₁₁模光束一致，但相同参数下使用这两种方法得出的具体结果不同。