野草状纳米氧化锌的制备及标准摩尔生成焓

本文采用反相微乳液法制备了尺寸均匀的野草状ZnO纳米结构. 依据热力学势函数法获得了纳米ZnO与块体ZnO标准摩尔生成焓的关系, 并结合微量热技术求得了所制备产物的标准摩尔生成焓, 为研究其它纳米材料的标准摩尔生成焓提供了一种广泛适用的新方法.     

氧化石墨烯改性ZnO/CeO2复合纳米材料的制备及其紫外屏蔽性能研究

以六水硝酸锌、六水硝酸铈、氧化石墨烯为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)改性ZnO/CeO_2复合纳米紫外屏蔽剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)等测试手段对产物的结构、组成及形貌进行表征,研究了氧化铈与氧化锌摩尔比、GO投入量、屏蔽剂用量以及pH值对复合纳米材料紫外屏蔽性能的影响,探索了氧化石墨烯改性ZnO/CeO_2复合纳米的最佳制备条件。结果表明:氧化石墨烯改性ZnO/CeO_2复合纳米材料中GO、CeO_2、ZnO的平均粒径分别为8. 3、15. 4、37. 5 nm。当pH 6. 0、氧化铈与氧化锌摩尔比为4∶1、GO投入量为2. 0g、屏蔽剂用量为0. 06 g/L时,紫外屏蔽性能强弱顺序为:氧化石墨烯改性ZnO/CeO_2复合纳米材料 GOZnO/CeO_2复合纳米材料 CeO_2 ZnO。     

超临界流体干燥法制备纳米TiO2－ZnO复合催化剂及其对苯酚降解的光催化性能

 以TiCl4和Zn（NO3）2·6H2O为原料，采用溶胶－凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥法制备了纳米级TiO2－ZnO（7～10nm）复合催化剂，并用XRD和TEM等手段进行了表征．以苯酚光催化降解为模型反应对所制备催化剂的催化性能进行了评价．结果表明，与单组分TiO2及普通干燥法制备的TiO2－ZnO催化剂相比较，纳米TiO2－ZnO复合粒子的光催化活性有较大提高．用超临界干燥法制备的催化剂具有粒径小、分布窄、比表面积大、分散性好和光催化活性高等特点．采用超临界流体干燥法可直接制得纳米TiO2（锐钛矿型）－ZnO（非晶态）复合催化剂，可实现干燥、晶化一步完成．复合催化剂中ZnO的最佳掺入量为x（ZnO）＝0．8％．超临界流体干燥法是制备纳米材料的一种新技术，具有产物容易收集和溶剂可回收利用等优点．     

氧化锌多孔微米花的制备及其气敏性能研究

具有大比表面积和丰富表面缺陷的三维多孔纳米材料在气体传感中极具潜力. 通过液相共沉淀法制备了三维微米花状锌基前驱物,于400 ℃热处理即转化为ZnO多孔微米花,它继承了锌基前驱物的外观形貌,但片状“花瓣”的表面形成大量无序孔洞,使得ZnO多孔微米花具有大比表面积（31.3 m²·g^-1）和丰富的表面缺陷. 鉴于ZnO多孔微米花的独特微观形貌结构,用其构建的气体传感器对乙醇气体表现出最佳工作温度低、灵敏度高、响应（恢复）快速等优点,与文献报道的ZnO基乙醇气体传感器相比处于领先水平. 结合其制备过程简单、成本低等优点,ZnO多孔微米花在气体传感领域有潜在的应用价值.     

用离子液前驱体合成高荧光性能的ZnO和CdS纳米材料

合成了含Cd和Zn的离子液,使其提供金属离子,与Na2S反应制备离子液包裹的半导体纳米材料．X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜分析结果显示：在Cd离子液与Na2S反应中,得到的是尺寸在5～6nm、离子液包裹CdS纳米晶,而在Zn的体系中,最终产物为尺寸在1μm左右六方盘形貌的ZnO颗粒．用热力学和结晶动力学详细讨论了造成Cd和Zn体系在反应条件相同时,产物的形貌和结构差别的原因．荧光性质的测试结果表明：该方法制备的ZnO和CdS纳米粒子具有很好的荧光性能．     

不同尺寸纳米氧化锌的制备及其抗菌性能研究

溶液化学方法在制备ZnO纳米材料时最为常用,通常情况下,可以采用水或其它有机溶剂作为反应介质,制备不同尺寸和形貌的ZnO纳米粒子。本文以油酸钠为表面活性剂,乙酸锌为前驱体,使用不同醇溶剂(乙醇、正丁醇、正己醇),通过控制反应温度,在较为温和的反应条件下,成功制备了不同尺寸的球形纳米ZnO粒子。使用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-vis)等方法对所得到的ZnO纳米粒子进行了表征,在此基础上,选取其中五种不同尺寸的ZnO纳米粒子,使用平板浇注法,探究不同尺寸ZnO纳米粒子对大肠杆菌和金黄葡萄杆球菌的抗菌效果。结果表示:随着醇溶剂碳链长度和温度的增加,ZnO纳米粒子的尺寸会逐渐增加;随着ZnO纳米粒子的尺寸的减小,其抗菌效果逐渐增强。相比于金黄葡萄杆球菌,ZnO纳米粒子对大肠杆菌的抗菌效果较差。当ZnO纳米粒子的浓度为6×10^-3mol·L^-1时,对金黄葡萄杆球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别达到了96.6%和91.4%。     

纳米氧化锌的粒度控制与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了粒度小于10nm的ZnO纳米颗粒,用沉淀法制备了粒度大于10 nm的ZnO纳米颗粒.讨论了颗粒粒度的控制因素,得到不同粒度的产品.采用TEM、XRD、BET、UV-Vis等检测手段对不同粒度的ZnO纳米颗粒进行表征.结果表明粒度小于10 nm的ZnO纳米颗粒,具有量子效应,随粒度减小,紫外可见光光谱蓝移;粒度大于10 nm的ZnO纳米颗粒,不具有量子效应,它们的禁带宽度与块体ZnO的禁带宽度相同,为3.2 eV,不同粒度的ZnO纳米颗粒紫外可见光光谱相同.     

形貌各异ZnO微结构的合成与表征——一个简单有趣的化学综合实验

设计了一个操作简单的合成ZnO微结构的化学综合实验,通过一种形貌改性剂柠檬酸的辅助,可制备出形貌各异的ZnO微粒。通过实验使学生对无机纳米材料的微观结构和形貌有了科学的认识,对纳米颗粒的合成方法及常见的表征手段有了初步了解。实验方案的设计既简单又具有探究性,有利于培养学生的独立科研能力和创新能力。     

无酶葡萄糖传感器

葡萄糖传感器在几十年的发展中取得了重大进展,经历了三代基于酶葡萄糖传感器之后,现已进入第四代无酶葡萄糖传感器的发展阶段.本文从基于酶和无酶两类介绍了不同葡萄糖传感器的测试原理,综述了近年来纳米材料在无酶电化学葡萄糖传感器方面应用的主要研究进展,对不同类别纳米材料的制备方法以及所构建传感器的灵敏度、选择性、检测范围和稳定性等进行了评述,分析了制约无酶葡萄糖传感器商业化应用的主要原因.其中,贵金属纳米材料主要讨论了铂、金和钯;过渡金属纳米材料主要讨论了镍、铜以及其氧化物;双金属纳米材料主要讨论了合金和复合物;碳纳米材料主要讨论了单壁(多壁)碳纳米管和石墨烯.此外,本文也对无酶葡萄糖传感器的发展方向和趋势进行了展望.     

三维花状ZnO纳米材料的制备及发光性质

常压下用溶胶凝胶和化学溶液生长两步法在3种不同的衬底上制备出三维花状ZnO纳米材料.采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、紫外吸收(UV)光谱和光致发光光谱(PL)对样品进行分析,结果表明,花状ZnO的组成单元为沿c轴方向生长的ZnO纳米棒,直径约为100 nm,...     

Electric discharge in liquids as technique to obtain high-dispersed materials based on metals of IB group

Nowadays, there is an intensive development of the electric arc discharge method, first proposed in 1922 by T. Svedberg. That method is an effective tool for the synthesis of nanomaterials such as metals, oxides, binary compounds and, in some cases, has undoubted advantages compared to the other methods. In particular, the formation of silver and gold nanoparticles is possible in the absence of any reductants and surfactants. The copper nanostructures synthesis is based on the more cost effective and productive technology compared to the other physical methods. In this article, the main achievements and prospects for the application of the electric discharge method in liquid for the synthesis of the silver, gold and copper nanostructures are presented.     

液相法制备(亚)铁磁性纳米材料

（亚）铁磁性纳米材料因其特殊的磁学性能,在生物、医药、电子器件、军工等领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文综述了（亚）铁磁性纳米金属铁、钴、镍以其合金和铁氧体的液相制备方法,包括沉淀法、水热/溶剂热法、微乳液法、多元醇工艺、热分解法、溶胶-凝胶法和超声化学法等;详细介绍了这些方法的反应机制和发展现状以及应用上述方法制备相关纳米材料的过程;分析了有关（亚）铁磁性纳米材料能够实现产业化的制备方法的发展趋势。     

Direct synthesis and integration of functional nanostructures in microfluidic devices

Integration of functional nanostructures within a microfluidic device can synergize the advantages of both unique properties of nanomaterials and diverse functionalities of microfluidics. In this paper, we report a novel and simple method for the in situ synthesis and integration of ZnO nanowires by controlled hydrothermal reaction within microfluidic devices. By modulating synthesis parameters such as the seed preparation, synthesis time, and heating locations, the morphology and location of synthesized nanowires can be easily controlled. The applications of such nanostructure-integrated microfluidics for particle trapping and chemiresistive pH sensing were demonstrated.     

介电力显微镜探测氧化锌纳米线表面吸附分子对电导率的影响

利用场效应晶体管器件和介电力显微镜来研究氧化锌纳米线表面吸附分子对其电导率的影响. 相比于空气中,ZnO纳米线场效应晶体管器件在氮气中电导率更高,介电力显微镜得的介电信号也是在氮气中更大. 影响ZnO纳米线电导率变化的主要原因是表面吸附分子数量的变化,而并不是电极与材料之间接触性质的变化.     

表面改性的纳米氧化锌的制备及其吸收特性

自从８０年代Ｍａｊｉｅｖｉｅ的单分散超微粒合成技术取得成功以来［１,２］,制备单分散、不团聚的纳米材料一直是热门课题．纳米粒子的团聚会给制备、稳定化贮存及再复合时的均匀分散和高密度素胚的形成带来极大的困难［３］．本文报导了用超声微乳液法制备表面改性的单分散纳米氧化锌的条件,并对其光吸收特性研究时发现,不同的表面活性剂包覆会改变纳米材料的光吸收特性．１实验部分１．１纳米氧化锌的制备 将环己烷、醋酸丁酯及反应物水溶液分别用０．４５μｍ的超滤膜过滤,得到纯化试剂． １）将 ０． ２－０． ５ ｍＬ的 ０． ５…     

无表面活性剂条件下一锅法制备金属/氧化锌复合材料用于催化二氧化碳加氢制甲醇反应

Catalytic hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol is an important chemical process owing to its contribution in alleviating the impacts of the greenhouse effect and in realizing the requirement for renewable energy sources. Owing to their excellent synergic functionalities and unique optoelectronic as well as catalytic properties, transition metal/ZnO (M/ZnO) nanocomposites have been widely used as catalysts for this reaction in recent years. Development of size-controlled synthesis of metal/oxide complexes is highly desirable. Further, because it is extremely difficult to achieve the strong-metal-support-interaction (SMSI) effect when the M/ZnO nanocomposites are prepared via physical methods, the use of chemical methods is more favorable for the fabrication of multi-component catalysts. However, because of the requirement for an extra H₂ reduction step to obtain the active metallic phase (M) and surfactants to control the size of nanoparticles, most M/ZnO nanocomposites undergo two- or multi-step synthesis, which is disadvantageous for the stable catalytic performance of the M/ZnO nanocomposites. In this work, we demonstrate facile one-pot synthesis of M/ZnO (M = Pd, Au, Ag, and Cu) nanocomposites in refluxed ethylene glycol as a solvent, without using any surfactants. During the synthesis process, Pd and ZnO species can stabilize each other from further aggregation by reducing their individual surface energies, thereby achieving size control of particles. Besides, NaHCO₃ serves as a size-control tool for Pd nanoparticles by adjusting the alkaline conditions. Ethylene glycol serves as a mild reducing agent and solvent owing to its capacity to reduce Pd ions to generate Pd crystals. The nucleation and growth of Pd particles are achieved by thermal reduction, while the ZnO nanocrystals are formed by thermal decomposition of Zn(OAc)₂. X-ray diffraction patterns of the M/ZnO and ZnO were analyzed to study the phase of the nanocomposites, and the results show that no impurity phase was detected. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study the morphology and structural properties. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was performed to further confirm the formation of M/ZnO hybrid materials, and the results confirm SMSI between Pd and ZnO. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to check the actual elemental compositions, and the results show that the detected atomic ratios of Pd/Zn were consistent with the values in the theoretical recipe. To investigate the effects of the Pd/Zn molar ratios and the added amount of NaHCO₃ on Pd size, the average sizes of Pd particles were calculated, and the results were confirmed by TEM observation. The Cu/ZnO/Al₂O₃ composite is a widely known catalyst for hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol, and other M/ZnO composites are also catalytic for this reaction. Therefore, different M/ZnO hybrids were further studied as catalysts for hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol, among which Pd/ZnO (1 : 9) demonstrated the best performance (30% CO₂ conversion, 69% methanol selectivity, and 421.9 g_methanol·(kg catalyst·h)^-1 at 240 ℃ and 5 MPa. The outstanding catalytic performance may be explained by the following two factors: first, Pd is a good catalyst for the dissociation of H₂ to give active H atoms, and second, SMSI between Pd and ZnO favors the formation of surface oxygen vacancies on ZnO. Moreover, most M/ZnO composites exhibit excellent performance in methanol selectivity, especially the Au/ZnO catalyst, which has the highest methanol selectivity (82%) despite having the lowest CO₂ conversion. Hopefully, this work would provide a simple route for synthesis of M/ZnO nanocomposites with clean surfaces for catalysis.     

A Facile Room Temperature Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanostructure and Its Influence on the Flame Retardancy of Poly Vinyl Alcohol

In this work, poly vinyl alcohol–ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized via two different in situ and ex-situ methods. In ex-situ, at first zinc oxide nanostructures were synthesized by one-step precipitation reaction between zinc acetate and sodium hydroxide. The effect of different surfactants such as poly vinyl pyrrolidone, poly vinyl alcohol and poly ethylene glycol on the morphology of ZnO nanostructures was investigated. Nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. The influence of ZnO nanostructures on the flame retardancy of the poly vinyl alcohol matrix was studied using underwriter laboratories UL-94 analysis.     

Synthesis and properties of cuboid-shaped ZnO hierarchical structures

Cuboid-shaped ZnO hierarchical structures constructed with quasi-single-crystalline ZnO nanosheets were fabricated through a mixed surfactants mediated hydrothermal method. The products were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and ED methods. Room temperature photoluminescence spectrum of the as-obtained ZnO hierarchitectures was recorded showing multiple peaks of visible emissions in blue-green region. The synergetic effect of citrate and surfactants SDBS and OP was believed to play a key role in controlling the construction features of ZnO nanosheets. The ZnO hierarchitectures showed effective photocatalytic activity for the decomposition of methyl orange.     

胆酸盐参与的自组装及微纳米材料制备

胆酸盐类物质可看作是一类阴离子型甾族生物表面活性剂,鉴于其特殊的两亲性骨架结构、独特的物理化学性质及其良好的生物相容性和环境友好性,其在溶液中能够参与超分子自组装形成有序聚集结构,且可以作为模板在微纳材料制备领域有着重要应用。本文结合我们课题组的研究工作,综述了近期国内外相关研究,详细介绍了生物小分子氨基酸对胆酸盐聚集行为的影响、胆酸盐参与形成的超分子凝胶及胆酸盐参与构筑的微纳米材料制备等方面的研究进展,以期对胆酸盐参与的自组装及微纳米材料制备领域的研究有更全面更深入的了解,为后续的应用研究提供坚实的基础。